UC-NRLF 


GIFT   OF 

T.S.Brandegee 


- 


. 


&*^~ 


T     OF    THE    INTERIOR, 

U.  S.  GEOlflpICAL  AND  GEOGRAPHICAL  SURVEY  OF  THE  TERRITORIES. 
F.  V.  HAYDEN,  U.  S.  GEOLOGIST-IN-CHARGE. 


MISCELLANEOUS  PUBLICATIONS— No.  4. 


SYNOPSIS 


OF   THE 


FLOEA   OF   COLOEADO, 


BY 


TEEO1MA.S    C.   PORTER 


AND 


Mi.  COULTER. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT     FEINTING     OFFICE. 

March  20,  1874. 


PREFATORY  NOTE. 


The  "Synopsis  of  the  Flora  of  Colorado,"  which  the  survey  now  pre- 
sents to  the  public,  has  been  prepared  by  Prof.  Thomas  C.  Porter,  of 
Lafayette  College,  Easton,  Pennsylvania,  and  Mr.  John  M.  Coulter,  one 
of  the  assistants  connected  with  the  survey  for  the  past  two  years.  It 
is  intended  to  be  a  type  of  a  series  of  "handbooks7'  of  different  branches 
of  natural  history,  to  be  published  from  time  to  time  as  a  part  of  the 
series  of  "  Miscellaneous  Publications,"  for  the  use  of  students  all  over 
the  country.  2fo.  3  of  the  series  is  now  passing  through  the  press,  and 
has  been  prepared  by  the  eminent  ornithologist,  Dr.  E.  Cones,  U.  S.  A. 
It  will  form  an  octavo  volume  of  several  hundred  pages,  bringing  the 
whole  subject  of  western  ornitholgy  up  to  date.  The  mountain  regions 
of  Colorado  are  now  so  accessible  to  the  traveling  public,  that  this 
synopsis  will  prove  a  most  valuable  aid  to  students,  and  travelers  who 
can,  are  annually  visiting  Colorado  in  great  numbers.  Indeed,  the  moun- 
tainous portions  more  nearly  resemble  the  Alpine  districts  of  Central 
Europe,  not  only  in  the  scenery,  but  also  in  the  different  forms  of  veg- 
etation. The  tide  of  travel  is  fast  turning  in  this  direction,  and  the 
demand  for  works  ot  this  kind  will  necessarily  be  very  great.  It  should 
be  stated  here,  that  the  obligations  of  the  survey  to  Professor  Porter, 
for  his  share  in  the  work,  are  very  much  increased  from  the  fact  that  he 
occupied  several  months  in  its  preparation  without  compensation  from 
the  Government. 

F.  V.  HAYDEX, 
United  States  Geologist. 

OFFICE  UNITED  STATES  GEOLOGICAL  AND  GEOGRAPHICAL 
SURVEY  OF  THE  TERRITORIES,  January  14, 1874. 


LETTER  TO  THE  GEOLOGIST-IN-CHARGE, 


LAFAYETTE  COLLEGE, 
Easton,  P#.,  January  15,  1874. 

SIR:  In  lieu  of  a  simple  list  of  the  plants  obtained  in  Colorado  during 
the  explorations  of  last  summer,  I  have  the  honor  to  present  YOU  here- 
with a  condensed  Synopsis  of  the  Flora  of  the  Territory,  prepared  in  con- 
junction with  Prof.  John  M.  Coulter  of  the  Survey. 

The  work  is  based  chiefly  on  collections  made,  in  1861  and  succeeding 
years,  by  Dr.  C.  C.  Parry,  whose  indefatigable  labors  have  added  so 
much  to  our  knowledge  of  the  flora  of  the  region;  in  1862,  by  Messrs. 
Hall  and  Harbour;  in  1867,  by  Dr.  W.  A.  Bell,  of  Manitou  Springs;  in 
1868,  by  Dr.  F.  Y.  Hayden;  in  1869,  by  B.  H.  Smith,  Esq.,  of  Denver; 
in  1871,  by  Dr.  George  Smith  and  W.  M.  Canby,  Esq.;  in  1871  and  1873, 
by  Messrs.  Meehan  and  Hooper;  in  1872,  by  J.  H.  Eedfield,  Esq.;  in 
1872  and  1873,  by  T.  S.  Brandegee,  Esq.,  of  Canon  City,  Kev.  E.  L. 
Greene,  of  Pueblo,  and  T.  C.  Porter;  and  in  1873,  by  J.  M.  Coulter. 

The  plan  followed  in  the  Synopsis  is  that  of  Mr.  Watson  in  his  excel- 
lent Catalogue,  volume  Y  of  Clarence  King's  Eeport.  Descriptions  are 
given  of  all  the  orders,  genera,  and  species  not  contained  in  Gray's 
Manual,  Chapman's  Flora,  and  other  botanies  of  the  States  east  of  the 
Mississippi  River. 

For  the  elaboration  of  the  Musci  and  Hepaticoe  we  are  greatly  indebted 
to  Leo  Lesquereux,  Esq.,  of  Columbus,  Ohio;  of  the  Lichens,  to  Henry 
Willey,  Esq.,  of  Arnherst,  Mass.;  and  of  the  Fungi,  to  Charles  H.  Peck, 
Esq.,  of  Albany,  IT.  Y. 

Thanks  are  due  also  to  Dr.  Gray  and  S.  Watson,  Esq.,  of  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  and  Dr.  George  Thurber,  of  STew  York  City,  for  kindly  assistance 
in  the  determination  of  difficult  and  doubtful  species;  and  to  J.  H.  Red- 
field,  esq.,  of  Philadelphia,  for  valuable  services  rendered. 

To  Mr.  Brandegee,  for  his  large  and  fine  collections  from  the  southern 
part  of  the  Territory,  and  to  the  Rev.  E.  L.  Greene,  for  lists  and  speci- 
mens of  rare  species,  we  are  under  special  obligations. 

References  to  the  authorities  consulted  and  used  are  to  be  found  at 
the  proper  places  in  the  body  of  the  work. 

I  regret  that  circumstances  have  prevented  the  completion  of  an  intro- 
ductory article  on  the  geographical  distribution  of  the  plants  embraced 
in  this  synopsis. 

THOS.  C.  PORTER. 

Dr.  F.  Y.  HAYDEN,  U.  S.  Geologist. 


ADDITIONS. 


After  ASTRAGALUS  KEXTROPHYTA,  Gray,  page  30,  insert — 

ASTRAGALUS  TEGETARIUS,  Watson,  King's  Sep.,  vol.  5,  p.  76,  pi.  13.  Perennial,  dwarf' 
caeopitose,  canescent,  •with  a  silky  pubescence;  stems  2//-6//  long,  numerous  and 
branched,  from  a  much-branched  caudex,  procumbent ;  stipules  membranous,  mostly 
acuminate,  sheathing ;  leaflets  3-5  pairs,  2"-3"  long,  linear,  acute ;  peduncles  slender, 
about  equaling  the  leaves,  1-3-flowered ;  flowers  small,  2"-3//  long,  ochroleucons,  the 
keel  purplish ;  calyx-teeth  as  long  as  the  campanulate  tube ;  legume  2"-3//  long,  char- 
taceous,  sessile,  compressed,  pubescent,  ovate,  oblong,  straight,  erect,  1-celled,  6-ovuled, 
1-2-seeded. 

Var.  ?  IMPLEXUS,  \V.  M.  Canby.  Leaflets  in  2  pairs,  crowded  on  the  stems ;  stipules 
tipped  with  a  short  straight  point ;  flowers  violet,  the  keel  deep  purple ;  legumes 
mostly  smaller,  l"-2"  long,  turgid,  ovate,  obtuse,  3-4-ovnled,  1-  (rarely  2-)  seeded. — 
South  Park,  Canby;  Hoopes ;  Porter. 

After  ZYGADENUS  XUTTALLII,  Gray,  p.  133,  insert — 
VERATRUM  ALBUM,  L.— Middle  Park,  Pawy. 


CORRECTIONS. 


Page    5.  For  "  BERBERIS  AQUIFOLIUM,"  put  "  B.  AQUIFOLIUM." 

19.  For  "  EHUS  TOXICODEXDROX,"  put  "  RHUS  TOXICODEXDRON." 
32.  For  "A.  Lathyrw,"  (ninth  line  from  bottom,)  put  "A  Lathyrus." 
42.  For  " KIBES  FLORIDUM,  L'Her.,"  put  "KIBES  FLORIDUM,  L." 
46.  For  "  CE.  Xiittallii,  T.  &  G.,"  (sixth  line  from  top,)  put  "  (E.  Nuttallii,  Torr." 
50.  For  "  0.  brevistyla,"  (eighth  line  from  top,)  put  "  O.  brevistylis." 
63.  For  "  SOLID  AGO  LAXCEOLATA,  T.  &  G.,"  put  "  SOLIDAGO  LAXCEOLATA,  L." 
70.  For  "  HELIOPSIS  LAEVIS,  Pursh,"  put  "  HELIOPSIS  LAEVIS,  Pers." 
94.  For  "MIMULUS  FLORIBUXDUS,  Gr.,"put  "MIMULUS  FLORIBUXDUS,  Dougl." 
94.  For  "DC.  Prod.  10,  p.  1,  331,"  (sixth  line  from  bottom,)  put  "DC.  Prod.  10, 
p.  331." 

114.  For  "  ACERTES  DECUMBEXS,"  put  "  ACERATES  DECUMBEXS." 

118.  For  "Dumont,"  after  SU.EDA  MARITIMA,  put  "Dumort." 

124.  For  "  SHEPHERDIA  CAXADEXSIS,  Lv"  put  "  SHEPHERDIA  C AXADEXSIS,  Nutt." 

127.  For  "  HUMULUS  LUPULUS,"  put  "  H.  LUPULUS." 

130.  For"Pixus  ARISTATA,  Engelm,  DC.  Prod.,  7.  c.,  p.  400,"  put  "  Pixus  BAL- 
FOURIAXA,  Murr.,  (P.  aristata,  Engelm.") 

136.  For  "  MOXTAXUS,"  (third  line  from  the  top,)  put  " MOXTAXUS." 

140.  For  "var.  MINOR,  Olney,"  put  "var  MINOR,  Boott." 

157.  For  "  ORTHOTRICHUM  HALLII,  Sully.  &  Lesqx.,"  put  "  O.  HALLU,  Sull.  & 
Lesqx." 

160.  For  "var.  S.  alpinum,"  (ninth  line  from  top,)  put  "var.  J.  alpinum." 

161.  For  "ENGYRIWM,"  (first  line  at  top,)  put  "EUGYRIUM." 

161.  For  "  CTEIDIUM,"  (thirteenth  line  from  bottom,)  put  "  CTEINIDIUM." 
163.  For  "  EXDOCOCEUS,"  put  "  EXDOCOCCUS." 

163.  For  "  AGARICUS  LACCATUS,  Scap.,"  put  A.  LACCATUS,  Scop." 

164.  For  "  LEXZITES  SEPIRIA,"  put  "  L.  SEPIARIA." 
164.  For  "PuccixiA  PORTERI,"  put  "P.  PORTERI." 

164.  For  "  Pec.,"  after  PEZIZA  VULCAXALIS,  put  "  Peck." 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 


RANUNCUL.ACEJE. 

CLEMATIS  DOUGLASTI,  Hook.  Stem  simple,  erect,  l°-2°  high, 
1 -flowered,  sparingly  hairy,  woolly  at  the  joints;  leaves  hairy,  2-3  pin- 
natifid;  sepals  thick,  deep  purple  within,  paler  externally,  spreading  at 
tbe  apex,  much  longer  than  the  stamens. — Common  in  the  mountains  at 
middle  elevations. — Hall  &  Harbour,  2;  Dr.  Smith;  Meehan;  Porter; 
Coulter. 

CLEMATIS  SCOTTIT,  Porter  (n.  sp.)  More  or  less  villous,  with  soft, 
spreading  hairs;  bushy,  branching  from  a  suffrutescent  base,  branches 
erect,  9'-18',  not  climbing;  leaves  opposite  on  rather  long  petioles,  pin- 
nate; leaflets  five  pairs,  ovate  or  lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  petiolu- 
late,  strongly  veined  beneath,  lower  ones  often  2-3  cleft;  flowers  axillary 
and  terminal,  nodding,  peduncles  3'-6';  sepals  4,  ovate,  with  reflexed 
summits  nearly  1'  long,  dark  or  brownish  purple,  thickish  but  not 
leathery  as  in  C.  Viorna,  more  or  less  tomentose  on  the  outside;  carpels 
silky  pubescent,  with  densely  plumose  tails  I'-IJ'  in  length. — Named  for 
Hon.  John  Scott,  who  collected  it  in  1872,  at  Soda  Springs,  35  miles 
w^est  of  Canon  City.  Brandegee,  Fremont  County,  in  fruit.  Redfield. 

CLEMATIS  LIGKJSTICIFOLIA,  Nutt.  Climbing,  somewhat  pubescent, 
flowers  white,  in  paniculate  corymbs,  direcious ;  leaves  pinnate  and  ter- 
nate,  (mostly  5-foliolate,)  the  coriaceous  leaflets  oblong,  acute,  mostly 
somewhat  lanceolate-cuiieate,  incisely  toothed  and  tritid;  petals  and 
stamens  equal  in  length ;  carpels  with  long  plumose  tails. — Common  along 
water-courses,  at  the  base  of  the  foot-hills,  and  ascending  the  ravines, 
climbing  over  bushes.and  producing  a  great  abundance  of  white  flowers. 
— Hall  &  Harbour,  3;  Dr.  Smith;  Porter  ;  Redfield. 

CLEMATIS  ALPINA,  Mill.,  var.  OCHOTENSIS,  Gr.  DC.  Prod.,  1,  p.  10. 
Leaves  biternately  divided,  segments  ovate  or  oblong  lanceolate,  acu- 
minate, frequently  three-lobed,  irregularly  toothed ;  sepals  4,  lance-ovate 
purplish  blue;  antheriferous  petals  linear. — A  trailing,  woody-stemmed 
plant,  6'  high,  nearly  glabrous;  carpels  glabrous;  tails  !£'  long,  very 
finely  plumose. — Georgetown,  Dr.  Smith.  Chiaun  Canon,  Porter.  Clear 
Creek  Canon,  at  9,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

THALICTRTJM  ALPINUM,  L.  Stem  simple,  2'-8'  high,  slightly  pubes- 
cent, scapiform;  leaves  mostly  radical,  2-3  ternate;  leaflets  roundish, 
about  y  long,  somewhat  lobed,  crenately  toothed;  flowers  perfect,  nod- 
ding in  a  simple  raceme;  pedicels  slender;  sepals  4,  oblong;  stigmas 
thick  and  pubescent;  carpels  ovate,  sessile. — In  damp,  mossy  ground, 
at  9  to  10,000  feet  altitude,  rare.  Hall  &  Harbour,  10.  Cache  Creek,  near 
Gi  anite,  Porter. 

THALICTRTJM  PURPTJRASCENS,  L.  Anthers  rather  shorter  than  in 
eastern  specimens. — Canon  City  and  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 
Foot-hills  along  the  Platte  Eiver,  June  28,  Coulter.  In  flower. 

THALICTRTJM  SPARSIFLORUM,  Turcz.  (T.  clamtum,  Hook.,  not  of 
DC.)  l°-2°  high;  panicle  loosely  few  flowered,  long-pediceled,  flowers 
1  F  c 


v  ixiv 

OF    COLORADO. 


perfect;  filaments  clavate;  antbers  elliptical,  pointless;  ovaries  8-10; 
carpels  compressed,  dimidiate,  not  striate,  thrice  shorter  than  the  per- 
sistent style  ;  upper  leaves  sessile,  2-3  ternate,  leaflets  often  small. 
Subalpine.—  Hall  &  Harbour,  9;  Parry,  1872. 

THALICTRUM  FENDLERI,  Eng.  Plant.  FendL,  p.  5.  Dioecious,  glabrous  ; 
leaves  petioled,  or  the  uppermost  sessile  ;  leaflets  round-cordate,  3-lobed  ; 
filaments  scarcely  thickened  at  the  apex;  anthers  long  nmcronate  ; 
carpels  sessile,  obliquely  ovate,  compressed,  sharp-edged,  with  4-G 
strong  lateral  ribs,  three  times  longer  than  the  recurved  style.  In 
other  respects  like  T.  Cornuti.  —  Common  in  the  mountains  at  middle  ele- 
vations. —  Hall  &  Harbour,  8;  Dr.  Smith;  Canby;  Brandegee;  Parry; 
Porter;  Coulter.  On  Mount  Elbert,  near  Twin  Lakes,  at  12,000  feet 
altitude. 

ANEMONE  PATENS  L.,  var.  NUTTALLIANA,  Gr.  —  On  the  plains  and 
extending  up  into  the  mountains.  Hall  &  Harbour,  4;  B.  H.  Smith; 
Meehan;  Parry  ;  Porter  ;  Coulter.  Gray's  Peak,  at  12,000  feet  altitude 
Redfield, 

ANEMONE  CAROLINIANA,  Walt.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  6.    On  the  plains. 

ANEMONE  PARVIFLORA,  Michx.  —  Near  Mount  Lincoln,  July  15, 
Coulter. 

ANEMONE  MULTIFIDA,  DC.  —  Found  in  the  mountains  at  middle  eleva- 
tions and  upward.  Hall  &  Harbour,  5;  B.  H.  Smith;  Porter;  Parry; 
Coulter. 

ANEMONE  CYLINDRICA,  Gr.  —  Green  Horn  Mountains,  June,  1873, 
Brandegee.  Idaho  Springs,  Redfield. 

ANEMONE  PENNSYLVANIA,  L.  Common  in  the  foot-hills.  Dr.  Smith; 
B.  H.  Smith;  Meehan;  Brandegee;  Coulter.  Colorado  Springs,  Redfield. 

ANEMONE  NARCISSIFLORA,  L.  Villous,  leaves  palmately  3-5  parted, 
segments  cuneiform,  incisely  many-cleft,  lobes  linear,  acute  ;  involucre 
somewhat  similar,  sessile,  leaflets  3-5  cleft;  pedicels  several,  um- 
beled,  leafless,  1-flowered  ;  flowers  white  ;  carpels  without  tails,  much 
compressed,  roundish  oval,  glabrous.  —  Alpine.  Hall  &  Harbour,  1  ; 
Mount  Lincoln  at  13,500  feet  altitude,  July  9,  Coulter. 

MYOSURTJS  MINIMUS,  L.  —  South  Park,  Hall  &  Harbour,  20. 

EANUNCULUS  AQUATILIS,  L.,  var.  TRIOHOPHYLLUS,  Chaix.  —  Common 
in  stagnant  or  slow-flowing  waters  in  the  foot-hills.  Brandegee;  Coulter. 

Var.  sTAGrNATiLis,  DC.  (R.  divaricatus,  Sehrank.)  —  Ponds  and  slow 
streams  at  middle  elevations.  Dr.  Smith;  Brandegee;  Coulter. 

RANUNCULUS  ALISM^EFOLIUS,  Geyer,  var.  MONTANUS,  Watson. 
Low,  6'  high,  alpine,  stems  ascending,  leaves  entire  ;  carpels  rather 
shorter-beaked  than  usual  in  the  species.  —  Parry  79  ;  Yasey  15.  Sierra 
Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

RANUNCULUS  FLAMMULA,  L.,  var.  REPTANS,  Gr.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  IS. 

RANUNCULUS  GLABERRIMUS,  Hook.  Very  glabrous  ;  stems  1  (some- 
times 2)  from  a  root  of  thickened  fasciculated  fibers,  few-flowered, 
S'-S'high;  radical  leaves  elliptical,  variable  in  breadth,  tapering  into 
long,  slender  petioles,  mostly  entire,  rarely  cleft,  cauline  leaves  sessile, 
usually  2-3  cleft  ;  peduncles  1-flowered,  those  of  the  axils  elongated 
and  divaricate  ;  flowers  6"  broad  ;  petals  obovate,  twice  as  long  as  the 
sepals  ;  heads  of  carpels  globose  ;  achenia  with  a  short  curved  beak, 
puberulent,  resembling  those  of  R.  affinis.  This  seems  to  be  the  plant 
referred  to  by  Dr.  Gray  in  his  Enumeration  of  Hall  and  Harbour's  col- 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  3 

lection  in  the  note  attached  to  Ko.  19. — Kear  Long's  Peak,  June  1,  at 
9,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

RANUNCULUS  CYMBALARIA,  Pursh. — Common  in  marshy  'ground 
on  the  plains  and  in  the  mountains.  Hall  &  Harbour,  11 ;  Dr.  Smith  ; 
B.  H  Smith  ;  Porter  ;  Brandegee  ;  Coulter. 

EANUNCULUS  AFFINIS,  E.  Br.  Radical  leaves  petioled,  usually 
pedately  multitid  ;  cauline  ones  subsessile,  digitate,  with  broadly  linear 
lobes  :  stem  erect,  few-flowered ;  carpels  with  recurved  beaks  in  oblong 
cylindrical  heads,  more  or  less  pubescent  throughout.  Yar.  LEIOCARPUS, 
Trautv.  Lower  leaves  usually  lobed  or  crenate ;  from  8/-12/  high ; 
flowers  small ;  carpels  smooth  or  somewhat  pubescent. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
15;  Vasey,  13;  B.  H  Smith;  Porter;  Coulter. 

Yar.  CARDIOPHYLLUS,  Gr.  (JR.  cardiophyllus,  Hook.)  Hirsutely  pubes- 
cent, radical  leaves  round-cordate,  undivided  or  many  cleft ;  cauline 
ones  palmately  many-cleft ;  flower  V  in  diameter. — Hall  &  Harbour,  16. 

EANUNCULUS  KUTTALLII,  Gr.  (Cyrtorrhynca ranunculina,  Xutt.  Fl.  N. 
A  w.l,  p.  26.)  Gra, y's  En.  Hall  &  Harbo ur,  p.  56.  Note.  Smooth,  6'-8' high ; 
root  fascicled  ;  radical  leaves  biternately  divided,  segments  3-5  parted, 
lobes  oblong  or  linear,  sometimes  2-3  cleft ;  branches  subtended  by  a 
small  leaf,  few-flowered ;  petals  spatulate,  yellow,  a  little  longer  than 
the  broader  sepals,  which  are  also  yellow,  thickened  above  the  base  -f 
style  long,  slender,  incurved  ;  carpels  rather  few,  collected  into  a  globose 
head,  glabrous,  cylindrical-oblong,  grooved,  many-nerved ;  stigma  sub- 
ulate.—JQTrt/f  &  Harbour,  13.  Near  Long's  Peak,  June  1,  at  9,000  feefc 
altitude,  Coulter.  • 

EANUNCULUS  SCELERATUS,  L.— Platte  Eiver,  Hall.  Cherry  Creekf 
Dr.  Smith.  Bear  Creek  Caiion,  Coulter. 

EANUNCULUS  MULTEFIDUS,  Pursh.,  var.  REPENS,  Hook.  Creeping; 
leaves  all  round-reuiforin,  palmately  3-5  cleft. — Wilson's  Creek,  July,. 
Brandegee. 

EANUNCULUS  HYPERBOREUS,  Eottb.,  var.  NATANS,  C.  A.  Meyer.  Stem 
filiform,  creeping;  leaves  glabrous,  petioled,  3  cleft;  lobes  oval-oblong, 
divaricate,  the  lateral  ones  somewhat  2  cleft,  middle  one  entire;  sheaths 
bi-auriculate  at  base;  heads  of  carpels  globose,  compact;  style  want- 
ing.— Much  resembles  forms  of  the  preceding,  but  distinguished  by  the 
absence  of  styles. — In  swamps  at  middle  elevations.  Hall  &  Harbour, 
12.  Clear  Creek,  Coulter. 

EANUNCULUS  PYGM^US,  Wahl.  Stem  erect,  never  creeping,  l'-2' 
high,  1-flowered;  leaves  glabrous,  3-5  cleft;  radical  ones  petioled,  cau- 
line ones  sessile;  calyx  glabrous,  longer  than  the  somewhat  reflexed  pet- 
als ;  heads  oblong;  carpels  subglobose,  not  margined  at  the  back,  pointed 
with  a  short  hooked  style. — Mount  Evans,  on  dry  ground,  at  13,000  feet 
altitude,  Greene. 

EANUNCULUS  NIVALIS,  E.  Br.,  var.  ESCHSCHOLTZII,  Watson.  (R. 
Eschscholtzu.  Schlecht.)  Radical  leaves  3-parted,  the  divisions  lobed, 
ciliate ;  stem  about  1-flowered ;  calyx  hirsute,  with  whitish  hairs,  shorter 
than  the  petals;  style  shorter  than  the  achenia. — Hall  &  Harbour,  14; 
Vasey,  17 ;  Parry. 

EANUNCULUS  ADONEUS,  Gr.  Gray's  En.  PL  Hall  &  Harbour,  p.  17. 
Xote.  Low,  sparsely  villous,  becoming  glabrous;  root  fasciculate,  fibrous; 
stems  branching  from  the  base,  1-3  leaved  above,  sometimes  erect,  very 
simple,  1-flowered,  but  sometimes  sarmentose-decumbent,  and  2-3  flow- 
ered; leaves  twice  pedately  parted,  segments  narrowly  linear;  petioles 
scarious,  base  dilated;  peduncle  short;  corolla  guldens-yellow,  often  ex- 


4  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA   OF    COLORADO. 

ceeding  I7  in  diameter;  petals  flabelliform,  twice  exceeding  the  sub-villous 
oval  sepals ;  basilar  scale  small,  adnate ;  acbenia  crowded  in  an  oval 
head,  smooth,  turgid ;  beak  rather  long,  ensiform,  scariotis-winged  on 
each  side. — In  the  high  alpine  region,  close  to  the  snow,  Hall  &  Harbour, 
17  ;  Parry.  Chicago  Lakes  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  June,  Coulter.  Gray's 
Peak,  13,000  feet,  Redfield. 

BANUNCULUS  REPENS,  L.— Meehan  ;  Greene;  Porter. 

KANUNCULUS  PENNSYLVANICUS,  L. — Platte  Kiver  near  Denver,  Dr. 
Smith.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Redfield. 

CALTHA  LEPTOSEPALA,  DC.  Stem  1-leaved  or  naked,  mostly  1- 
flowered,  erect,  3'-l°  high ;  radical  leaves  on  long  petioles,  ovate-cor- 
date, obscurely  crenate;  sepals  8-10,  oblong,  white  or  tinged  with  blue; 
style  short  and  recurved ;  stigma  obtuse ;  carpels  8-10,  oblong. — Very 
abundant  in  subalpiue  swamps.  An  excellent  pot-herb.  Hali  &  Har- 
bour, 21;  Parry ;  Meehan;  Brandegee;  Coulter.  May  to  September. 

TROLLIUS  LAXUS,  Salisb. — Associated  with  the  preceding,  but  less 
common. — Hall  &  Harbour,  22;  Brandegee;  Coulter.  Gray's  Peak, 
Redfield.  June  and  July. 

AQUILEGIA  VULGARIS,  L.,  var.  BREVISTYLA  Gr.  (A.  bremstyla,  Hook.) 
Stems  low,  6'-$'  high,  spreading;  leaves  bi-ternate;  leaflets  3-lobed, 
crenate,  6"-9"  long,  creuatures  ovate,  rotund ;  flowers  small,  blue, 
about  6"  long  including  the  spur  ;  sepals  oblong-ovate ;  petals  a  little 
exceeding  the  stamens;  spurs  hooked  at  the  tip ;  styles  shorter,  included. 
— Hall  &  Harbour,  23.  Mountains  near  Pike's  Peak,  Canby  ;  Meehan. 

AQUILEGIA  CANADENSIS,  L.  Styles  longer  than  the  stamens. — Along 
subalpiue  rivulets.  Mount  Elbert  near  Twin  Lakes,  Porter.  La  Plata 
Mountain  at  11,000  feet  altitude,  July,  Coulter. 

AQUILEGIA  C^ERULEA,  Torr.  Ann.  N.  T.  Lye.  2,  p.  164.  Spur  straight, 
very  slender,  l%'-2' ;  sepals  rhomboid-ovate,  acute,  longer  than  the 
ipetals;  stamens  and  style  shorter  than  the  coralla;  stern  l°-3°  high, 
glabrous,  few-flowered ;  flowers  2'-2 y  in  diameter,  pale  blue,  some- 
times ochroleucous,  pinkish  or  white.  Leaves  mostly  radical,  glaucous 
beneath  ;  leaflets  deeply  cleft. — On  shaded  mountain-slopes  from  7-11 ,000 
feet  altitude.  A  very  beautiful  and  showy  plant  in  flower.  June 
to  September.  Hall  &  Harbour,  24;  Parry;  Dr.  Smith;  Porter;  Coulter. 
Gray's  Peak,  Redfield. 

AQUILEGIA  CHRYSANTHA,  Gr.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  8,  p.  621,  (A.  leptocera. 
Nutt.,  v&r.flava.  Gr.  PL  Wright.  2,  p.  9J  Smaller  than  the  former  and 
more  slender  in  stems  and  foliage ;  peduncles  often  pubescent ;  flowers 
deep  yellow,  spurs  more  slender;  sepals  abdut  9"  long,  lanceolate-oblong, 
longer  but  not  broader  than  the  limb  of  the  petals. — Grand  Canon  of 
the  Arkansas,  June  3,  Brandegee. 

DELPHINIUM  ELATUM,  L.,  var.  (?)  OCCIDENTALS,  Watson.  Kintfs 
Rep.,  vol.  5,  p.  11.  Tall,  5°  high,  glabrous  or  densely  pubescent  above; 
leaves  deeply  3-5  cleft,  divisions  broadly  cuneate,  somewhat  3-lobed  and 
sparingly  gashed-toothed,  the  teeth  narrowing  abruptly  to  a  callous 
point;  racemes  many-flowered,  often  densely  so,  simple  or  pauicled; 
flowers  pubescent,  sometimes  white;  spur  longer  than  the  sepals; 
lower  petals  broad,  slightly  notched,  often  erosely-deutate,  more  or  less 
densely  bearded,  the  claw  spurred  at  base. — In  Coulter's  specimens  from 
the  Twin  Lakes  the  spur  is  shorter  than  the  sepals  and  the  lower  petals 
are  very  acute;  stems  very  stout;  flowers  large,  in  crowded  racemes. — 
Hall  &  Harbour,  25;  Coulter. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.  5 

DELPHINIUM  SCOPULORUM,  Or.  PL  WHgJit.  2,  p.  9.  Puberulent  or 
glabrous ;  stein  leafy,  simple,  l°-2°  high ;  petioles  dilated  at  base ; 
leaves  orbicular  iu  outline,  3-5  parted,  divisions  deeply  2-3-cleft,  seg- 
ments uiauy-lobed  or  laciniate ;  raceme  strict ;  many-flowered ;  flowers 
smoothish ;  spur  longer  than  the  sepals ;  lower  petals  bifid,  sparingly 
bearded  within;  claw  spurred  at  base;  carpels  3,  erect,  nearly  glabrous. 
— Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Hall  &  Harbour,  26. 

YAK!  Stems  2°-5°  high,  stout,  panicled;  racemes  slender,  elongated; 
flowers  scattered,  small ;  spur  straight,  ascending. — Ute  Pass,  Porter. 
Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

DELPHINIUM  AZUREUM,  Michx.— Canon  City,  June  26,  Brandegee. 

DELPHINIUM  MENZIESII,  DC.  More  or  less  pubescent;  stems  stout, 
l°-2°  high,  leaves  orbicular  in  outline,  5-7  parted,  divisions  2-3 
cleft;  bracts  mostly  entire,  lower  ones  3-cleft;  raceme  simple,  few  to 
many-flowered;  spur  usually  curved,  longer  than  the  sepals,  ascending; 
capsules  glabrous;  root  grumous.  Closely  resembles  the  eastern  D.  tri- 
corne. — Hall  &  Harbour,  28.  In  the  foot-hills  west  of  Denver,  Coulter. 

ACONITUM  NASUTUM,  Fisch.  Petals  erect,  with  the  spur  arcuate; 
galea  conical,  prone;  spur  descending;  raceme  somewhat  panicled ;  divis- 
ions of  the  leaves  rather  broad,  coarsely  laciniate-toothed.  Stem 
stout,  3°-6°  high,  pubescent  above  ;  flowers  purple  or  white. — Hall  & 
Harbour,  29;  Parry.  Weston's  Pass,  July  18,  at  11,000  feet  altitude, 
Coulter. 

ACT  JEA  SPICATA,  L.,  var.  ARGUTA,  Torr.  (A.  arguta,  Nutt.  Fl.  N.  Am., 
p.  35.)  Stouter  than  A.  spicata,  var.  rubra  of  Gray's  Manual ;  leaflets 
larger  and  more  serrated;  petals  oblong,  obtuse;  otherwise  nearly  the 
same. — Mountains  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Oak  Creek, Fremont  County, 
Brandegee.  St.  Vrain  Canon,  Coulter. 

BERBERIDACEvE. 

BERBERIS  AquiFOLtriM,  Pursh.  Leaflets  1-6  pairs,  not  approxi- 
mated to  the  base  of  the  petiole,  coriaceous,  ovate-lanceolate  or  ellipti- 
cal oblong,  oblique  and  slightly  cordate  at  base,  margin  repand  with 
thorny  or  spinulose  cuspidate  teeth ;  racemes  short,  nearly  erect,  clus- 
tered; filaments  2-toothed;  berries  dark  purple. — An  uuder-shrub  2°-5° 
high,  branching,  the  branches  often  procumbent.  Leaflets  li'-3'  long, 
obscurely  reticulated  on  both  sides,  the  veins  all  rising  from  the 
midrib. — Hall  d'  Harbour,  30.  Head-waters  of  the  Arkansas,  Porter. 
Kear  Long's  Peak,  Coulter. 

NYMPHLEACEJE. 

XUPHAR  POLYSEPALUM,  Eng.  Proc.  Saint  Louis  Acad.,  April  17, 1865, 
p.  282.  Leaves  broadly  ovate,  deeply  cordate,  with  a  narrow  sinus; 
sepals  9-12,  concave,  the  middle  ones  very  large ;  petals  12-18,  spatulate, 
retuse;  stamens  very  numerous;  anthers  truncate,  appendiculate  at  the 
apex,  equaling  or  shorter  than  the  at-length  recurved  filaments;  stig- 
matic  rays  of  the  striate,  urceolate  ovary  13-21,  almost  reaching  the 
crenate  margin  of  the  umbilicate  disk,  neither  constricted  nor  beaked 
toward  the  apex. — Leaves  longer  in  proportion  to  their  breadth  than 
those  of  JV.  adrena  ;  sinus  narrower  and  more  closed;  flowers  very  large ; 
outer  sepals  greenish  and  yellowish,  inner  ones  more  or  less  tinged  with 
red. — Mountain-lakes  around  Long's  Peak,  Parry.  Cold  Lake  in  the 
Sierra  Madre  Range,  at  10.000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 


6  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

PAPAVERACE.E. 

PAP  AVER  ALPINUM,  L.  Scape  one-flowered,  2/-3/  high,  naked,  hispid 
as  well  as  the  calyx  with  brownish  hairs ;  leaves  lance-ovate  in  outline, 
deeply  pinnatifid,  divisions  rarely  incised ;  flower  nodding  in  the  bud, 
6"-8"  in  diameter;  petals  lemon-yellow ;  capsule  obovate,  hispid.  Near- 
est VSLT.  flaviflorum,  Koch.  Fl.  Germ.  1,  p.  25. — Alpine.  Hall;  Parry, 
147 ;  Meehan.  California  Gulch  at  12,500  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

ARGEMONE  MEXIOANA,  L.  Most  common  on  the  plains  along  the 
fout-hills.  Stout,  2°-3°  high;  flowers  large,  2/-3/  in' diameter,  white, 
very  rarely  yellow. — Hall;  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith;  Porter;  Coulter. 

FUMARIACE^. 

CORYDALIS  AUREA,  L.,  var.  CURVISILIQUA,  Eng. — Gommou  in  the 
mountains.  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith;  Canby;  Porter;  Coulter. 

CRUCIFER^E. 

NASTURTIUM  OFFICINALE,  E.  Br, — Platte  Eiver  near  Denver,  Dr. 
Smith.  Golden  City,  Greene. 

NASTURTIUM  SINUATUM,  Nutt. — Platte  Eiver  near  Denver,  Dr. 
Smith. 

NASTURTIUM  OBTUSUM,  Nutt. — Hall  &  Harbour,  32;  Porter.  Oro 
City,  Coulter. 

JNASTURTIUM  PALUSTRE,  D.  C. — Dr.  Smith;  Porter;  Brandegee.  Near 
Denver,  Coulter ;  Red  field. 

ARIBIS  HIRSUTA,  Scop. — Common  everywhere  in  Colorado.  Dr. 
Smith;  Meehan;  Brandegee;  Coulter;  Red  field. 

ARABIS  DRUMMONDII,  Gr. — Very  variable;  stem  strict  or  slender  and 
flexuous;  glabrous  or  covered  with  a  stellate  pubescence;  pods  erect 
and  straight  or  spreading  and  arcuate.  Dr.  Smith;  Coulter. 

Yar.  ALPINA,  Watson.  A  reduced  alpine  or  subalpine  form  with  a 
few  crowded  purple  or  white  flowers;  glabrous  or  stellately  pubescent. 
— White  House  Mountain,  August,  at  11,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

ARABIS  RETROFRACTA,  Grab.  (Streptanthus  angustifoUus,  Nutt.) 
Stems  several  from  one  root,  12/-18/  high,  virgate,  branching  near  the 
summit;  radical  leaves  lanceolate,  linear,  sparingly  hirsute,  lower  can- 
line  much  broader,  closely  amplexicaul,  upper  ones  smaller,  oblong- 
lanceolate,  smooth,  erect;  flowers  small,  pale  red;  petals  oblong-oval, 
the  limb  exserted ;  sepals  short,  smooth,  almost  coriaceous. — Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 35. 

CARDAMINE  CORDIFOLIA,  Gr.  PL  FendL,  p.  8.  Stem  l°-3°  high, 
erect,  simple,  from  a  fibrous,  creeping  rhizoma,  glabrous  or  pilose  at 
base,  leafy  to  the  top;  leaves  all  petioled,  cordate,  sparingly  repand-den- 
tate  or  angular-toothed,  ciliate,  2/-4/  in  diameter ;  lowest  orbicular ; 
the  upper  triangular-cordate,  sub-acuminate ;  flowers  rather  large, 
white;  siliques  erect,  2  to  3  times  longer  than  the  pedicels. — Common  in 
swamps  at  middle  elevations.  Hall  &  Harbour,  34;  Dr.  Smith;  Parry ; 
Median;  Coulter.  Sangre  de  Cristo  Eauge,  Red  field. 

CARDAMINE  HIRSUTA,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  33. 

YESICARIA  STENOPHYLLA,  Gr.  PL  Lindh.,  2,  p.  149.  Low,  branches 
several,  spreading  form  a  thick,  woody  caudex,  a  span  or  less  high ;  leaves 
linear  or  linear  spatulate,  crowded;  silvery  pubescent,  mostly  entire. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  7 

raceme  densely  many-flowered ;  flowers  golden  yellow;  silicle  mem- 
branaceous,  very  smooth,  equaling  or  a  little  longer  than  the  style. — 
Canon  City,  August  13,  1872,  in  fruit,  Brandeyee.  Bluffs  at  Pueblo, 
Greene. 

VESICARI  A  LUDOVICIANA,  DC.  Canesceut  with  a  stellate  pubescence ; 
stem  6'-8'  high,  simple  or  somewhat  branched  above ;  radical  leaves 
spatulate,  entire,  obtuse,  cauline  linear ;  flowers  golden  yellow ;  petals 
obovate  ;  style  slender,  longer  than  the  ovary  and  nearly  as  long  as  the 
obovate,  globose,  hairy  silicle. — Platte  Eiver  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith  ; 
Coulter. 

YESICARIA  MONTANA,  Gr.  Proc.  Acad.  Phil,  March,  1863,  p.  58. 
Silvery  canescent;  stems  spreading  from  a  perennial  root,  leafy;  leaves 
spatulate;  the  radical  subovate,  petioled,  sometimes  1-2  toothed;  fruit- 
ing raceme  elongated,  silicle  oval  or  ellipsoidal,  whitish-pubescent, 
a  little  longer  than  the  slender  style,  a  little  shorter  than  the  upwardly 
curving,  spreading  pedicel. — Well  marked  by  the  oval  or  oblong  silicle, 
in  some  specimens  3"  long  but  scarcely  half  that  breadth,  hoary  with  a 
fine  stellate  pubescence;  seeds  4  or  6  in  each  cell,  wingless;  petals 
spatulate,  light  yellow;  filaments  filiform. — Hall  &  Harbour,  49;  B.  H. 
Smith;  Meehan;  Porter.  Found  in  the  mountains  at  middle  elevations. 

PHYSARiA1  DIDYMOCARPA,  Gr.  (Vesicaria,  Hook.)  Canescent  with  a 
stellate  pubescence;  radical  leaves  broadly  obovate-spatulate, occasion- 
ally lyrate,  cauline  spatulate-lanceolate,  mostly  entire ;  silicjues  large, 
globose-didymous,  deeply  emarginate  above  and  below. — A  low,  de- 
cumbent, profusely  branched  perennial.  Flower  showy;  petals  oblong- 
spatulate,  exceeding  the  oblong  sepals ;  silicles  varying  in  size,  the  lobes 
usually  approximate,  sometimes  considerably  divergent;  septum  lance- 
olate.— Hall  d;  Harbour,  47 5  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith.  Long's  Peak, 
May  27,  Coulter. 

DRABA  ALPINA,  L.  Eather  rigid ;  scapes  naked,  mostly  some- 
what hirsute ;  leaves  spatulate-lanceolate,  plane,  more  or  less  pilose 
with  branching  hairs;  petals  yellow,  more  than  twice  the  length  of  the 
calyx :  silicles  somewhat  corytubed,  oblong-elliptical ;  style  very  short. — 
Dwarf,  I"-!7  high:  alpine  and subalpine.  very  variable. — Mount  Lincoln 
at  13,000  feet  altitude,  July,  iu  flower,  Coulter.  Gray's  Peak  at  12,000 
feet,  Red  field. 

DRABA  ArREA,  Vahl.  More  or  less  pubescent;  stem  erect,  leafy: 
leaves  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  entire  or  toothed;  corymbs  ter- 
minal and  axillary;  silicles  oblong-lanceolate,  pubescent,  exceeding  the 
pedicels;  petals  yellow,  emargiuate;  style  rather  short.  Variable. — In 
the  mountains  from  7-14,000  feet  altitude.  Hall  &  Harbour,  44;  Dr. 
Smith;  Heehan  ;  Brandeyee;  Coulter.  Gray's  Peak,  Reel  field. 

DRABA  STREPTOCARPA,  Gr.  SUl  Jour.  1862,  vol.  33,  p.  13.  A  span 
high;  radical  leaves  rosulate,  spatulate-lanceolate,  acutish,  attenuated 
into  a  large-margined  petiole,  J'-l.V  long,  cauline  about  £',  oblong  or  ob- 
long-lanceolate, very  entire,  sessile ;  hairs  simple  or  simply  forked,  long, 
rigid,  shaggy,  spreading;  racemes  often  paniculate,  many-flowered;  pe- 
tals golden  yellow,  twice  longer  than  the  calyx,  mostly  retuse  or  emar- 
ginate; style  a  little  shorter  than  the  ovary;  stigma  emarginate,  cap- 
itate; fructiferous  pedicels  3"  long,  more  or  less  spreading;  silicles  J'--' 
long,  linear  or  oblong-ovate,  minutely  or  strongly  hispid-ciliate,  usually 
much  twisted,  turns  often  3-4;  style  long,  $"-2". — Easily  distinguished 

'PHYSAKIA,  Xutt. — Characters  as  iu  Vesicaria,  except  that  the  silicle  is  didymous, 
much  inflated,  nieinbran.aeeous,  and  the  cotyledons  contrary  to  the  narrow  septum. 


8  SYNOPSIS  OP  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

from  D.  aurea,  which  it  most  resembles,  by  its  lack  of  stellular  pube- 
scence, longer  styles  and  the  more  twisted  silicles. — In  the  mountains 
from  7-14,000  feet  altitude.  Alpine  forms  much  dwarfed.  Hall  &  Har- 
bour,^; Parry,  Canby;  Brandegee  ;  Coulter. 

DRABA  CRASSIFOLIA,  Grah.  Scape  naked  or  with  a  single  leaf,  l'-3' 
high ;  leaves  lanceolate-linear,  entire  or  somewhat  serrate,  ciliate  with 
simple  hairs ;  calyx  and  pedicels  glabrous;  flowers  small, yellow  or  white ; 
petals  a  little  exceeding  the  calyx,  retuse;  silicles  ovate-elliptical,  glab- 
rous.— Hall  &  Harbour,  41.  Sangre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegee. 

DRABA  NEMOROSA,  L.,  var.  LUTEA,  Gr.  (D.  lutea,  DC.)  '  Pubescent ; 
stem  branching,  leafy,  6'-15'  high,  very  slender,  sometimes  branching 
from  the  base ;  pubescence  simple  or  forked ;  leaves  oval,  cauline  ones 
lanceolate,  toothed;  flowers  very  small,  yellow;  petals  about  twice  as 
long  as  the  calyx;  style  none;  silicles  oblong-elliptical,  rather  obtuse, 
glabrous,  about  4"  long,  one-third  to  one-half  the  length  of  the  slender 
spreading  pedicels.  Alpine  and  subalpiue. — Hall  &  Harbour ,  42.  Sierra 
Madre  Range  at  11-13,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

Var.  ALPINA,  Porter.  Dwarf,  2'-3'  high,  branching  from  the  base ; 
fruiting  raceme  short;  flowers  white;  pedicels  shorter  than  the  silicles; 
stigmas  distinctly  2-lobed. — Mount  Lincoln,  at  13,000  feet  altitude,  July, 
Coulter. 

DRABA  CUNEIFOLIA,  Nutt. — Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

SISYMBBIUM  CAKESCENS,  Nutt.  Very  variable  in  the  division  of  the 
leaves  and  the  amount  of  pubescence,  the  latter  always  branched. — Very 
common  on  the  plains  and  in  the  mountains  at  all  heights.  Hall  <fc 
Harbour,  40;  Dr.  Smith;  Meehan;  Porter;  Brandegee;  Coulter. 

SISYMBRIUM  GLAUCUM,  Kutt.  Annual,  glaucous,  about  1°  high, 
much  branched,  leaves  entire,  radical  ones  small,  spatulate,  cauline 
ovate,  sagittate  and  clasping,  rather  acute;  flowers  minute,  pale  pur  pie  ; 
petals  cuneate-oblong,  twice  as  long  as  the  sepals ;  silicles  £'  long,  gla- 
brous; style  almost  none;  seeds  in  a  single  or  partly  in  a  double  series: 
cotyledons  decidedly  incumbent. 

South  Park,  July,  1872,  Porter.  A  slender  dwarf- form,  3'-4'  in  height, 
with  smaller  leaves  and  shorter  siliques. 

SMELOWSKIA1  CAL.YCINA,  Meyer.  (Hutchinsia,  Desv.)  Leaves  mostly 
radical  on  long  petioles,  deeply  pinnatifid;  flowers  white,  in  dense 
corymbs,  the  limb  of  the  petal  roundish;  calyx  persistent;  stem  4'-6' 
high,  elongating  in  fruit.  Alpine  and  subalpiue. — Hall  &  Harbour,  43. 
Mount  Lincoln  at  1,300  feet  altitude,  July,  Coulter. 

ERYSIMUM  CHEIRANTHOIDES,  I^.—Hall  &  Harbour,  38.  Twin  Lakes 
at  9,000  feet  altitude,  Porter. 

ERYSIMUM  ASPERUM,  DC.,  var.  ARKANSANUM,  Nutt.— Variable  and 
abundant  on  the  plains  and  mountains.  Hall  &  Harbour,  39;  Dr. 
Smith;  Porter;  Coulter. 

Var.  PUMILUM,  Watson.  King's  Rep.,  vol.  5,  p.  24.  (E.  pumilum, 
]N~utt.)  Somewhat  scabrous,  stems  2'-4'  high;  leaves  linear,  all  entire; 
flowers  pale  yellow,  conspicuous;  petals  longer  than  the  calyx;  stigma 
small,  nearly  entire;  pedicels  very  short;  siliques  flatly  4-sided,  3'  long, 
erect. — Hall  &  Harbour,  39.  Alpine; 

1  SMELOWSKIA,  C.  A.  Meyer.  Sepals  short,  equal;  silicle  rather  short,  narrowed  at 
each  end,  somewhat  tetragonal  or  laterally  compressed;  valves  concave,  submembru- 
nous,  with  included  filiform  replum  and  membranous  septum;  style  short  and  stigma 
simple.  Seeds  few  in  one  row,  immarginate,  funiculus  setaceous,  free;  cotyledons  in- 
cumbent.— Perennial  hoary,  toinentose  subca'spitose  herbs,  with  1-2  piiiuatinxL  leaves 
and  bractless  flowers.  Benth.  and  Hook* 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.  9 

HESPERIS  PALLASII,  Torr.  &  Gray.  FL  X.  Am.  2,  p.  666.  Sparsely 
pubescent  with  closely  appressed  hairs  fixed  by  the  middle  and  acute  at 
each  end,  minutely  scabrous  under  the  microscope ;  stems  3'-6'  high, 
from  a  fusiform  root ;  radical  leaves  numerous,  linear  or  lanceolate-lin- 
ear, sparingly  toothed,  I'-IJ7  long,  tapering  into  a  petiole;  raceme 
short ;  pedicels  much  shorter  than  the  flowers;  flowers  large  for  the  size 
of  the  plant;  upper  cauline  leaves  linear;  sepals  oblong,  obtuse,  with 
scarions  margins,  gibbous  at  base,  4"  long ;  petals  with  a  long,  broad, 
pale-colored  claw  which  exceeds  the  sepals ;  limb  round-obovate,  purple; 
anthers  cordate  at  base ;  ovary  hairy ;  stigma  capitate,  somewhat  2- 
lobed. — The  blunt  lobes  of  the  capitate  stigma,  which  do  not  connive, 
separate  this  plant  from  the  genus  Hesperis.  In  all  its  other  characters 
it  seems  to  accord  well  with  the  brief  description  of  Pursh's  Cheiranthus 
PallasiL  The  specimens  are  in  flower  only,  with  no  mature  siliques. — 
Chicago  Lakes  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  June,  Coulter. 

STANLEYA  l  PIISTSTATLFIDA,  Nutt.  (8.  integrifolia,  James.)  Stems  2° 
to  3°  high,  often  several  from  one  root;  lower  leaves  ly  rate-pin  natitid 
or  nearly  entire,  large,  sometimes  minutely  pubescent  beneath ;  upper 
leaves  entire,  narrowed  at  the  base  into  a  slender  petiole;  filaments 
very  long  and  slender,  pubescent  below  with  a  glandular  enlargement 
at  the  base ;  siliques  2'  long,  somewhat  torulose,  twice  longer  than  the 
stipe.  Hall  &  Harbour,  50;  Coulter.  Colorado  City,  Porter. 

^HELYPODIU^I  rsTEGrRtFOLioi,  Eudl.  (Pachypodium,  Xutt.)  Stem  te- 
rete, smooth,  3°-5°  high,  attenuated  upward  and  sending  out  numerous 
branches  toward  the  summit ;  leaves  entire,  radical  ones  petioled,  ob- 
long-elliptical, cauline  lanceolate,  sessile,  uppermost  nearly  linear; 
flowers  almost  corymbose,  crowded,  pale  rose-color ;  pedicels  V  long, 
almost  horizontal,  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx ;  petals  spatulate,  obovate; 
silique  short,  abruptly  pointed,  on  a  short  stipe. — South  Park,  July, 
Porter.  \Yet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandcgee.  Hall  &  Harbour,  51. 

THELYPODroi  LiXEARLFOLiUM.  Gr.  (Streptanthus,  Gr.  PL  Fendl.,  p. 
7.J  Very  glabrous,  1°  or  more  high,  from  an  annual  or  biennial  root 
often  branched  from  the  base,  erect,  paniculate  at  the  top ;  leaves  linear, 
or  the  lower  lanceolate,  acutish,  very  entire,  attenuate  at  base,  sessile, 
somewhat  rigid,  pale,  lJ'-2'  long;  sepals  turning  purplish;  petals  obo- 
vate, rose-purple,  j'  or  less;  claws  scarcely  twice  longer  than  the  lax 
calyx;  siliques  erect,  on  spreading  pedicels,  very  slender,  teretish,  2' to 
2.V  long,  apiculate  with  a  very  short  style;  valves  carinate,  1-nerved; 
seeds  oblong,  without  margins. — Canon  City  and  Wet  Mountain  Valley, 
Brandegee. 

THELYPODIUM  \VRIGHTII,  Gr.  PL  Wright  1,  p.  7.  Stem  2°-3°  high, 
from  a  biennial  or  annual  root;  leaves  broadly  or  narrowly  lanceolate, 
2'  to  4'  long,  repaud-dentate  or  denticulate,  all  narrowed  into  a  short 
petiole;  flowering  racemes  short  and  dense,  fruiting  raceme  moderate- 

1  STAXLEYA,  Xutt.  Sepals  long,  spreading.  Petals  narrowed,  elongated,  with  long 
claws.  Anthers  twisted :  siliques  long-stipitate,  slender,  nearly  terete,  subcompres.sed ; 
valves  1-nerved;  style  short  or  none;  stigma  simple.  Seeds  in  one  row,  oblong,  pendu- 
lous: cotyledons  incumbent. — Perennial,  glabrous,  glaucous;  flowers  yellow,  in  long, 
strict,  many  flowered,  bractless  racemes.  Benth.  ami  Hook. 

-  THELYPODIUM.  Endl.  Sepals  elongated,  equal  at  base,  often  colored.  Petals  long,  lin- 
ear, or  with  a  plane  lamina,  unguiculate.  Anthers  linear.  Silii[iie  sessile  or  with  a 
very  short  thick  stipe,  linear,  sub  terete  or  somewhat  compressed,  torulose,  not  greatly 
elongated:  valves  convex,  subcarinately  1-uerved:  style  rather  short:  stigma  nearly 
entire.  Seeds  in  one  row,  oblong,  somewhat  compressed,  immarginate  or  scarcely  mar- 
gined; cotyledons  more  or  less  incumbent. — Annual  or  perennial,  with  spicately 
racerned  bractless  white  or  rose-colored  flowers;  slique  1  to  2$'  long.  S.  Watson, 


10  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

ly  elongated,  4'-5'  long;  pedicels  divaricate,  6"  long;  petals  scarcely 
exceeding  the  calyx;  siliques  slender,  2'  long,  widely  spreading;  on 
very  short  stipes ;  seeds  oblong,  emarginate. — Canon  City,  Brandegee. 
Webster  Canon,  Eedfield. 

CAMELINA  SATIVA,  Crantz.  Greene.  On  the  road  from  Denver  to 
Idaho  Springs,  Porter.  Introduced. 

LEPIDIUM  INTERMEDIUM,  Gr. — Porter.  Weston's  Pass,  July  18, 
Coulter.  Denver,  Eedfield. — This  species  shows  considerable  variation. 
Apetalous  states  are  not  uncommon;  one  form  from  the  neighborhood  of 
Denver  has  such  slender,  delicate  racemes  and  small  pods,  that  if  the 
pods  were  oval  and  not  orbicular,  it  could  be  safely  referred  to  L.  rude- 
rale,  L.  Denver,  Dr  Smith.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

LEPIDIUM  ALYSSOIDES,  Gr.  PL  Fendl.,  p.  10.  Annual,  glabrous,  6'  to 
12'  high;  stems  diffuse,  corymbose-racemose;  branches  minutely  puber- 
ulent;  leaves  narrowly  linear,  mucronulate,  attenuate  at  base,  very  eu- 
tire,  lJ7-27  [long,  l"-2"  wide,  lowest  often  piimately  3-5  lobed  ;  ra- 
cemes dense,  corymbose;  petals  round-spatulate,  thrice  longer  than 
the  calyx;  stamens  6;  silicles  ovate,  wingless,  scarcely  emargiuate, 
glabrous;  style  very  short,  but  thrice  the  length  of  the  minute  emar- 
gination.— South  Park,  July,  Porter.  Near  Pueblo,  Greene;  Eedfield. 

LEPIDIUM  MONTANUM,  Nutt.  Nearly  glabrous,  decumbent ;  branches 
many  from  a  long,  somewhat  woody  root,  8'  to  12',  spreading  in  a  cir- 
cular manner;  radical  leaves  usually  more  or  less  bi-pinnatitid,  seg- 
ments short,  acute,  upper  leaves  trifid  or  entire ;  flowers  rather  con- 
spicuous, sepals  oval-oblong  ;  petals  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  sepals; 
style  conspicuous;  silicles  2"  long,  indistinctly  reticulated,  elliptical, 
slightly  emarginate,  wingless;  pedicels  3" -4"  long;  cotyledons  incum- 
bent.— South  Park,  Canby ;  Porter. 

LEPIDIUM  SATIVUM,  L. — Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Introduced.  Dis- 
tinguished by  its  larger,  ovate,  winged  pods,  slightly  notched  at  the  top. 

THLASPI  ALPESTRE,  L.  (?)  Perennial,  glabrous;  stems  ascending,  3'- 
12'  high,  simple ;  radical  leaves  petioled,  ovate  or  obovate,  entire  or 
denticulate,  cauline  ovate-oblong,  cordate,  clasping  ;  racemes  crowded, 
or  usually  elongated  and  loose,  %'-&  long;  flowers  rather  large,  petals 
l/'-S"  long;  pods  2/A-4"  long,  acutely  margined  but  not  winged,  short- 
oblong,  cuueate  at  base,  emarginate,  truncate  or  rounded  at  the  apex, 
4-8  seeded;  style  J"-!"  long. — We  have  followed  Watson  (in  King's 
Rep.,  vol.  5,  p.  31)  in  naming  this  plant,  which  is  usually  referred  to 
T.  cochleariforme,  DC. — Alpine  and  subalpine ;  frequent.  Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 46;  Meelian  ;  Brandegee;  Coulter.  Gray's  Peak  at  11,500  feet, 
Eedfield. 

CAPP  ARID  ACE  2E. 

CLEOME1  INTEGRIFOLIA,  T.  &  G.  Annual,  somewhat  glaucous,  2°-3° 
high,  widely  branching;  leaves  3-foliolate ;  leaflets  lanceolate  (the  lower- 
most oblong)  entire,  submucrouate ;  racemes  sometimes  nearly  1°  long ; 
flowers  large,  showy,  reddish  purple,  rarely  white ;  sepals  united  to 
the  middle,  persistent ;  segments  triangular-acuminate;  petals  with 
very  short  claws;  stamens  equal;  pods  oblong-linear,  compressed, 
much  longer  than  the  stipe. — Ou  water-courses  along  the  foot-hills -and 

1  CLEOME,  L.  Sepals  distinct  or  somewhat  united.  Stamens  6  or  rarely  4.  Torus 
minute.  Pod  linear  or  oblong,  subsessile  or  stipilate. — Annual  herbs  or  shrubs,  with 
digitate  or  simple  leaves 'and  racemed  or  solitary  flowers.  Bcntli.  $  Hook. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLOEA  OF  COLORADO.          11 

on  the  plains.  Dr.  Smith;  J>.  H.  Smith ;  Porter;  Coulter;  Hall  & 
Harbour,  52. 

CLEOMELLA  ^NGTJSTIFOLIA,  Torr.  Glabrous,  1°  or  more  high,  branch- 
ing above ;  leaflets  oblong-linear,  acutish,  very  entire ;  upper  bracts 
simple;  ovary  many  times  surpassing  the  style,  shorter  than  the  stipe; 
capsule  dilated-rhomboid,  acute;  seeds  transversely  rugulose. — Hall  & 
Harbour,  53  ;  Parry.  This  is  C.  tenuifolia^  Torr.,  104  of  Parry's  Rocky 
Mountain  Plants,  Gray's  Enumeration,  Sill.  Jour.,  vol.  33,  p.  404. 

POLAXISIA  TjrxiGLANDULOSA,  DC.  (P.  trachysperma,  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N. 
Am.  1,  p.  669.)  Yiscidly  pubescent,  branching ;  leaves 3-foliolate ;  leaflets 
and  bracts  oblong-lanceolate ;  stamens  8-16 ;  filaments  deep  purple, 
twice  or  thrice  the  length  of  the  petals ;  style  about  the  length  of  the 
ovary ;  pods  linear-oblong,  attenuate  at  base  ;  seeds  turgid,  rough  and 
warty;  capsule  short-stipitate. — On  the  Platte,  near  Denver,  Dr  Smith; 
Redfield. 

VIOtACEJE. 

VIOLA  PALTJSTEIS,  L. — Parry,  110. 

VIOLA  CUCULLATA,  Ait.— Bear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 

VIOLA  DELPHINIFOLIA,  Kutt. — Plains  near  Denver  and  on  the  Saint 
Vrain  Elver,  Coulter.  Golden  City,  Greene. 

VIOLA  BIFLORA,  L.  Stem  weak,  about  2-leaved,  2-flowered ;  leaves 
reuiform,  very  obtuse,  crenate;  stipules  ovate,  very  entire;  flowers  very 
small,  yellow,  petals  marked  with  brown  stride ;  sepals  acute  or  acutish  ; 
spurs  short. — Hall  &  Harbour.  54. 

VIOLA  CANIXA,  L.— Near  Mount  Lincoln,  July,  Coulter. 

VIOLA  CANADE^SSIS,  L. — Caiion  City,  Erandagee.  Near  Long's  Peak, 
May,  Coulter. 

VIOLA  XrTTALLii,  Pursh.  Stems  numerous,  short,  erect;  leaves 
ovate-lanceolate,  somewhat  pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous,  undivided  but 
sometimes  obscurely  sinuate-toothed,  attenuated  into  a  long  petiole; 
stipules  lanceolate,  entire,  or  obscurely  ciliate-toothed ;  flowers  small, 
pale  yellow ;  spur  very  short ;  peduncle  shorter  than  the  leaves. — Hall  & 
Harbour,  55.  Near  Denver,  May,  Coulter. 

IONIDIU3I2  LINEARE,  Torr.  Am.  N.  Y.  Lye.  2,  p.  168.  Somewhat  pu- 
bescent, stern  branched ;  leaves  opposite,  occasionally  alternate,  entire 
or  remotely  serrulate,  the  lower  varying  from  lanceolate  to  oblong  or 
obovate,  the  upper  linear,  obtuse  or  acute,  usually  3-4  times  the  length 
of  the  stipules;  stipules  linear,  one-third  the  length  of  the  leaves;  pe- 
duncles slender,  2//-6//  long,  articulated,  bibracteolate ;  flowers  small; 
capsules  glabrous;  seeds  turning  black. — Hall  d;  Harbour,  57.  Canon 
City,  Brandegee. 

1  CLEOMELLA,   DC.      Sepals  distinct,  short  aud  spreading.      Torus  short,  oblong' 
Stamens   6,  incurved  in  ;estivatiou.     Pod  short,  obovate-rhomboidal,  4-8  seeded,  with 
reticulate,  deltoid,  or  boat-shaped  saccate  valves,  and  upon  a  filiform  stipe.     Seeds 
smooth,  pitted,  or  variously  reticulated:    embryo    conduplicate  ;    radicle  elongated. 
— Annual  glabrous  herbs  with  stipulate  3-foliolate  leaves,  entire  leaflets  and  racerned, 
leafy-bracted  yellow  flowers.     Benth.*£  Hook. 

2  IONIDIOI,  Vent.     Sepals  more  or  less  unequal,  not  auricled  ;  petals  very  unequal, 
the  two  upper  shorter,  the  lower  one  very  large,  imguiculate  :  the  claw  dilated,  shortly 
gibbous  or  concave ;  stamens  approximate,  the  anterior  ones  each  furnished  with  a 
nectariferous  gland  at  the  base. — Low  herbs  or  suftruticose  plants,  leaves  alternate  or 
opposite :  peduncles  axillary,  solitary.     Gr.  Gen.  Ill,  1,  p.  189?  t.  82. 


12  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA   OF    COLORADO. 


FRANKENIA  JAMESU,  Torr.  Gr.  in  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  v.  8,  p.  622.  Much 
branched  from  a  woody  base,  6'-10';  branchlets  minutely  pubescent; 
leaves  opposite,  linear,  strongly  revolute  on  the  margins,  somewhat 
mucrouate,  &'-&"  long,  -with  fascicles  of  shorter  ones  in  their  axils ; 
flowers  terminal,  sessile ;  petals  long-clawed,  white,  limb  oblong-cuneate, 
erose-denticulate  at  the  tip,  2£"-3"  long,  nearly  twice  the  length  of 
the  calyx-tube;  stamens  6,  exserted;  stigmas  terminal;  ovules  3, 
oblong-linear,  pendulous  from  the  apex  of  a  very  long  subbasilar  funicu- 
lus. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Near  Pueblo,  Redfield. 

CARYOPHYI^LACE^E. 

SAPONARIA  VACCARIA,  L.  ( Vaccaria  vulgaris,  Host.) — Hoopes;  Greene. 
Introduced. 

SILENE  ACAULIS,  L.  Gray's  Manual,  p.  90. — High  alpine,  growing  in 
dense  mats  near  the  snow-line,  at  10,000  to  14,000  feet  altitude.  July, 
August.  Hall  &  Harbour,  65.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith  ;  B.  H.  Smith. 
Pike's  Peak,  Porter.  Mount  Lincoln,  at  14,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 
Gray's  Peak,  12,000  to  13,000  feet,  Redfield. 

SILENE  SCOULERI,  Hook.  Stem  erect;  racemes  sub-compound,  nar- 
row, few-flowered  ;  flowers  erect  or  nodding,  longer  or  shorter  than  the 
pedicels;  calyx  oblong,  clavate,  somewhat  dilating,  teeth  broad-lance- 
olate, acutisli,  slightly  ciliate ;  petals  white  or  pinkish,  bifid,  the  lobes 
oblong,  emargiuate,  the  appendages  obtuse  ;  claws  with  acute  auricles, 
woolly-ciliate  as  well  as  the  filaments;  capsule  obovate-oblong,  three  to 
four  times  longer  than  the  stipe. — Hall  &  Harbour,  61 ;  Hoopes.  In  the 
mountains. 

SILENE  MENZIESII,  Hook.  Minutely  glandular-pubescent;  stems 
numerous,  dichotomously  branched,  6'-12'  high,  weak,  ascending,  leafy 
to  the  summit;  leaves  crowded,  ovate-lanceolate  or  oblong-ovate, 
acuminate  at  both  ends ;  peduncles  axillary  and  terminal,  1-flowered  ; 
petals  white,  bifid,  3"  long,  exceeding  the  obovate,  deeply  5-toothed 
calyx;  styles  thickened  above,  conspicuously  bearded  within. — Hall  & 
Harbour,  64. 

LYCHNIS  APETALA,  L.  Pubescent;  stems  simple,  3/-4/  high, 
1-flowered;  calyx  ovoid,  10-striate,  including  the  petals;  filaments  and 
claws  of  the  petals  naked  ;  seeds  large  and  margined. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
63.  Mount  Lincoln  at  13,000  feet  altitude,  July,  Coulter. 

LYCHNIS  DRUMMONDII,  Watson.  (Silene  Drummondli,  Hook.  ?) 
King's  Rep.,  vol.  5,  p.  37.  Glandular-pubescent  and  viscid ;  stems 
several,  l°-3°  high,  erect,  simple ;  leaves  remote,  linear-lanceolate ; 
raceme  loose,  few-flowered,  with  elongated  pedicels,  alternate  or  oppo- 

l.  FRANKENIACE^E.  A.  St.  Hil.  Sepals  5,  united  in  a  furrowed  tube,  persistent, 
equal;  petals  alternate  with  the  sepals;  stamens  hypogynous,  either  equal  in  number 
to  the  petals  and  alternate  -with  them,  or  having  a  tendency  to  double  the  number  ; 
anthers  roundish,  versatile ;  ovary  1-celled,  with  2-3  parietal  placentae :  stylos  2-3, 
filiform,  united  for  a  considerable  part  of  their  length ;  capsule  1-celled,  inclosed  in 
the  calyx,  2-3,  or  4-valved,  many  seeded ;  seeds  attached  to  the  margins  of  the  valves, 
very  minute,  anatropous ;  embryo  straight;  erect  in  the  midst  of  albumen. — Herba- 
ceous,plants  or  undershrubs.  Stems  very  much  branched.  Leaves  opposite,  exstipu- 
late,  with  a  membrauaceous  sheathing  base,  often  revolute  at  the  edges.  Flowers 
sessile  in  the  divisions  of  the  branches,  and  terminal,  embosomed  in  leaves,  usually 
pink.  Lindl. 

FRANKEXIA,  L.  Styles  3,  united  below,  stigmatic  along  the  inner  surf  ace ;  capsule 
loculicidal;  many-seeded.  Torr.  $  Gray. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  13 

site;  flowers  3-5;  calyx  oblong,  cylindrical,  erect;  petals  white  or 
purplish,  the  limb  2-lobed  or  emargiiiate,  scarcely  exceeding  the  calyx, 
minutely  crowned  and  narrower  than  the  obtusely,  strongly  auricled 
claw ;  seeds  reniforai,  uniformly  tuberculated  under  the  microscope, 
emargiuate. — In  the  mountains  at  middle  elevations.  Sail  &  Harbour, 
62 ;  Dr.  Smith ;  Canty ;  Brandegee.  South  Park,  Coulter. 

CERASTIUM  VULGATUM,  L.,  var.  BEHRINGIANUM,  Gr.  Flowers  large, 
petals  and  capsules  half  longer  than  the  calyx,  shorter  than  the  pedicels  ; 
stems  few,  2-4  flowered. — Hall  &  Harbour  ;  Brandegee.  Mount  Lincoln, 
Coulter. 

CERASTIUM  ARVEXSE,  L. — In  the  mountains,  at  all  elevations.  Hall  & 
Harbour,  75;  Dr.  Smith  ;  B.  H.  Smith  ;  Meehan  ;  Porter ;  Coulter. 

STELLARIA  JAIVIESIANA,  Torr.  Ann.  X.  Y.  Lye.*  v.  2,  p.  169.  Yiscidly 
pubescent;  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  4'  long,  acute;  stems  weak,  l°-2° 
high;  leaves  slightly  falcate,  closely  sessile;  cyme  divaricate;  few- 
liowered;  petals  two  lobed,  twice  longer  than  the  oblong,  acute  sepals  ; 
capsule  as  long  as  the  calyx,  deeply  valved;  seeds  few,  rugose. — Hall 
&  Harbour,  78. 

STELLARIA  LONGIPES,  Goldie. — At  all  elevations.  Hall  &  Harbour, 
71  and  76  ;  Canby  ;  Brandegee  ;  Coulter. 

STELLARIA  CRASSIPOLIA,  Ehrh. — Hall  &  Harbour. 

STELLARIA  BOREALIS,  Big. — Alpine  and  subalpine.  Hall  &  Harbour* 
72;  Dr.  Smith.  Mount  of  the  Holy  Cross,  at  13,000  feet  altitude, 
August,  Coulter. 

STELLARIA  UMBELLATA,  Turcz.  Glabrous,  stem  6'-lc  high,  weak  ; 
leaves  ovate  to  oblong-lanceolate;  peduncles  axillary  and  terminal, 
divaricate,  filiform  and  elongated,  with  scarious  bracts  ;  petals  wanting ; 
sepals  short,  I"  long,  ovate,  acute,  nerveless  or  1-nerved,  (rarely  3- 
nerved;)  capsule  deeply  valved,  twice  longer  than  the  calyx;  seeds 
smooth. — Hall  d-  Harbour,  70.  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

ARENARIA  CONGESTA,  Nutt.  Crespitose,  glabrous ;  stem  simple, 
6'-!°  high  ;  leaves  long;  linear-subulate,  pungent,  over  2'  long;  flowers 
in  roundish,  compact  heads  or  fascicles,  with  crowded  membranaceous 
bracts;  sepals  ovate,  membranous,  obscurely  3-nerved,  about  half  the 
length  of  the  oblong  petals;  capsule  coriaceous,  equaling  the  calyx; 
seeds  very  small,  angular,  smooth. — White  House  Mountain,  at  13,000 
feet  altitude,  Coulter.  North  Park,  Hay  den. 

ARENARIA  FENDLERI,  Gr.  Stems  numerous,  from  a  perennial  cau- 
dex,  6/-15/  high,  glabrous  below,  more  or  less  glandular,  pubescent 
above,  inibricately  many-leaved  at  base  ;  leaves  long,  3'-5',  erect,  seta- 
ceous, somewhat  flattened;  serrulate-scabrous,  smooth  except  on  the 
margins,  those  of  the  stem  successively  shorter;  cymes  strict  and  few- 
flowered;  pedicels  slender;  sepals  ovate-lanceolate,  cuspidate,  acumi- 
nate, green,  with  a  broad,  scarious  margin,  5-nerved,  nearly  equaling 
the  obovate  petals,  which  are  white  and  4"  long;  styles  exserted;  cap- 
sule about  equaling  the  calyx,  6- valved;  seeds  papillose-scabrous. — Hall 
tO  Harbour,  79;  Parry;  Canby;  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith;  Meehan; 
Brandegee  ;  Porter  ;  Coulter. 

Var.  SUBCONGESTA,  Watson.  Low,  3'-6'  high,  smooth  except  the 
minutely  puberuleut  short  pedicels,  few-flowered  ;  petals  but  little  ex- 
ceeding the  ovate,  acuminate,  scarious  sepals;  leaves  short. — Hills 
around  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

Var.  DIPFUSA.  Branches  of  the  cyme  elongated,  lax  and  widely 
spreading;  flowers  numerous. — Ute  Pass,  Porter. 


14  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE   FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

ARENARIA  VERNA,  L.,  var.  HIRTA,  Fenzl.  Csespitose,  2/-3/  high, 
minutely  hirsute;  leaves  subulate,  3-nerved,  erect,  obtuse  or  acutish; 
cyme  erect,  few  or  many  flowered;  sepals  ovate,  acute,  strongly  3- 
nerved,  mostly  exceeding  the  petals. — Summit  of  Pike's  Peak,  Canby. 
Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter.  James's  Peak,  Greene. 

ARENARIA  ARCTICA,  Stev.,  var.  OBTUSA.  T.  &  G.  Csespitose,  stems 
l'-3'  high  ;  leaves  linear-subulate,  obtuse,  carinate,  thickish,  serrulate- 
ciliate,  obscurely  3-nerved;  peduncles  glandular-pubescent,  1  (rarely 
2-3)  flowered;  petals  about  half  longer  than  the  oblong  sepals. — Hall  & 
Harbour,  77;  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith;  Meehan ;  Brandegee.  Mount 
Lincoln  at  13,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter.  Gray's  Peak,  Red-field. 

ARENARIA  ALPINA,  L.  (Alsine  bifiora,  Wahl.)  Ca3spitose,  stems 
creeping,  branches  erect,  2'-3'  high,  mostly  1-flowered,  minutely  pubes- 
cent; leaves  narrowly  linear,  37/-3J7/  long,  nerveless,  subconvex  beneath; 
sepals  linear,  very  obtuse,  cucullate  at  the  summit,  3-uerved;  petals 
oblong,  cuneate,  much  longer  than  the  capsule  and  calyx. — Hall  &  Har- 
bour',  77 ;  Canby. 

ARENARIA  (ALSINE)  Eossn,  E.  Br.  Csespitose;  leaves  subulate- 
triquetrous,  rather  obtuse,  nerveless,  scarcely  equaling  the  flower  or  ex- 
ceeding the  calyx,  mostly  shorter  than  the  internodes,  with  manifest 
lateral  nerves ;  peduncles  1-flowered ;  petals  oblong,  as  long  as  or  a  little 
exceeding  the  obscurely  3-nerved  sepals.  Flowers  sometimes  apetalous. 
— Hall  &  Harbour ',  69.  Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 

ARENARIA  LATERIFLORA,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  74. 

SAGINA  LINN^I,  Presl.  (S.  decumbens,  T.  &  G.)  Mostly  glabrous ; 
stems  decumbent,  branched,  ascending,  I'-S'  long;  leaves  linear-subu- 
late, very  acute;  peduncles  much  longer  than  the  leaves ;  petals  and 
sepals  5,  equal,  obtuse ;  capsule  a  littte  longer  than  the  calyx.  Almost 
wholly  apetalous,  glabrous,  with  narrowly  linear  leaves,  which  are  mostly 
rnucronate;  sepals  oblong  or  ovate. — Hall  &  Harbour,  68.  Twin  Lake 
Creek,  Coulter. 

PORTUJLACACE^:. 

PORTULACA  OLERACEA,  L.  (P.  retusa,  Eng.) — Denver,  July  31,  Dr. 
Smith;  Greene.  Introduced. 

TALINUM  TERETIFOLIUM,  Pursh.  Found  in  the  mountains  with  flow- 
ers fully  as  large  as  in  eastern  specimens, — Hall  &  Harbour,  81.  Mee- 
han ;  Porter  ;  Brandegee.  Colorado  Springs  and  Chiaim  Canon. 

CALANDRINIA1  PYGM^EA,  Gr.  ( Talinum  pygmceum,  Gr.)  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.,  v.  8,  p.  623.  Acaulesceiit,  glabrous ;  root  thick,  fusiform  ;  the  linear 
leaves  and  1-3  flowered  scapes  (l'-2')  crowded;  sepals  orbicular, 
glandular-dentate  or  entire;  petals  rose  color,  6-8,  unequal ;  stamens, 
4-7;  stigmas  3-5;'  style  short,  or  almost  none;  ovules,  16-20. 
—Parry,  143.  Mount  Lincoln  at  13,500  feet  altitude,  Coulter.  Gray's 
Peak,  Redfield.  Alpine. 

CLAYTONIA  CAROLINIANA,  MX.,  var.  LANCEOLATA,  Watson,  (C. 
lanceolata,  Pursh.)  Cauline  leaves  ovate,  lanceolate  or  linear,  sessile  or 
short-petioled ;  petals  more  or  less  emargiuate  or  entire,  rose-color  or 
white. — Mount  Lincoln  at  14,000  feet  altitude,  July,  Coulter. 

1  CALANDRINIA,  H.  and  B.  Calyx  2-parted,  persistent.  Petals  3-5,  distinct  or 
somewhat  connate  at  base.  Stamens  4  to  15.  Style  very  short,  3-cleft  at  the  apex, 
lobes  clavate.  Capsule  oblong-elliptic,  3-valved.  Seeds  estrophiolate. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.          15 

CLAYTONIA  ARCTICA,  Adams.,  var.  MEGARHIZA,  Gr.  Sill.  Jour. 
(y.  8.}  33,  p.  406.  Boot  fusiform,  very  large  ;  leaves  T-6'  long,  2//-12//  wide, 
fleshy  ;  radical  ones  petioled,  cauline  ones  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceo- 
late, opposite,  sessile,  racemes  secuud,  subsessile;  flowers  large  ;  petals 
obovate,  subeinarginate,  2//-6//  long.  Flowers  from  June  to  August. 
—  High  alpine,  growing  in  crevices  of  the  rock,  its  large,  purple  tap-root 
penetrating  to  a  great  depth.  Flowers  profuse,  white,  with  pinkish  veins. 
—Hall  &  Harbour,  83  ;  Parry,  142.  Gray's  Peak  at  14.000  feet  altitude, 
Coulter  ;  Redfield. 

CLAYTONIA  CHAMISSONIS,  Esch.  &  Ledeb.  (C.  aquatica,  Xutt.)  Stems 
erect  or  decumbent,  stoloniferous  and  rooting  at  the  joints,  becoming 
1°  in  length  ;  roots  bulbiferous  ;  leaves  opposite,  spatulate,  or  oblong- 
obovate,  attenuate  below,  rather  obtuse,  V-l'  long;  racemes  appar- 
ently axillary,  peduncled,  simple,  few-flowered  ;  flowers  white,  rather 
large  ;  petals  obovate,  entire,  twice  longer  than  the  calyx.  —  Hall  & 
Harbour,  84;  Parry  ;  Canby  ;  Meehan  ;  Brandegee;  Coulter.  Sangrede 
Cristo  Range,  Bedjield. 

EL.ATIIVACE./E. 

ELATIXE  AMERICANA,  Arn.  —  On  the  Platte  Eiver,  Hall  &  Harbour, 
59. 

HY'PERICACE^E. 

HYPERICUM  SCOULERI,  Hook.  Perennial,  herbaceous  ;  stems  terete 
below,  6'—  2°  high  ;  leaves  oblong-obovate,  closely  sessile  or  clasping, 
very  obtuse,  f  long,  not  dotted,  under-surface  with  numerous  prominent 
veins  ;  cyme  compound  ;  sepals  broadly  ovate,  rather  obtuse.  £  the  length 
of  the  petals;  sepals,  petals,  and  anthers  dotted  with  black;  stamens 
numerous;  styles  3,  distinct,  erect;  capsules  tricarpellary  ;  placentae 
united  to  the  middle.  —  Common.  Hall  &  Harbour,  5S-,  Meehan;  Canby; 
Brandegee;  Coulter. 


CALLIRRHOE  INVOLTJCRATA,  Gr.  Hirsute  ;  stem  branching,  procum- 
bent, leaves  deeply  3-5-parted,  covered  with  stellate  hairs,  segments 
linear-lanceolate,  laciniately  3-5  toothed;  peduncles  erect,  1-flow- 
ered,  longer  than  the  leaves;  flowers  few  in  a  loose  panicle,  about  1^'in 
diameter,  axillary,  scarlet;  bracteoles  3,  linear-lanceolate,  f  the  length 
of  the  deeply-parted  calyx;  carpels  numerous,  hairy,  not  wrinkled. 

—  Purgatory  Eiver,  Dr.  Bell.     Parry,  148. 

SiDALCEA1  MALVJEFLORA,  Gr.  Glabrous  or  hispid,  l°-3°  high,  simple  ; 
lower  leaves  roundish,  more  or  less  deeply  7-9  lobed,  cauline  more  nar- 
rowly and  deeply  5-7  lobed,  segments  linear,  somewhat  toothed;  raceme 
terminal  ;  pedicels  at  first  shorter,  at  length  longer  than  the  subulate 
bracts;  calyx  hispid  or  tomentose,  the  lobes  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate; 
flowers  variable  in  size,  l'-2'  in  diameter,  purple,  occasionally  white; 
styles  7-8,  free  at  the  summit;  stigma  simple;  carpels  7,  pointless. 

—  Middle  elevation  sin  the  mountains.   Xorth  Park,  Hay  den.   South  Park, 
Porter  ;  Canby;  Brandegee. 

1  SIDALCEA,  Gray.  Bractlets  none.  Calyx  5,  cleft.  Stamineal  tube  double;  the  outer 
of  5,  the  inner  of  10  narrower  phalanges  of  stamens.  Styles  united  below,  filiform, 
stigmatose  the  whole  length  of  the  inner  face.  Ovaries  5-9,  united  in  a  circle  around 
a  central  receptacle.  Carpels  membranous,  beakless.  reniform.  1-seeded.  indehiscent, 
separating  from  the  short  axis.  Seed  reniform.  ascending.  —  Perennial  herbs,  with  pur- 
ple, rose-colored  or  Avhite  flowers  in  paniculate  racemes.  Gr.,  Gen.  III.,  2,  p.  57. 


16  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA   OF    COLORADO. 

SIDALCEA  CANDIDA,  Gr.  PI.  Fendl.,  p.  24.  Stems  simple,  2°-3°  high, 
from  a  perennial,  creeping  rhizoma,  leafy,  glabrous  above,  sparsely  hairy 
below;  lower  leaves  orbicular,  2/-8/  in  diameter,  7-lobed,  smooth,  ciliate, 
segments  coarsely  3-5  toothed,  or  incised,  rounded ;  upper  leaves  7-lobed 
or  parted,  the  floral  ones  3-5,  segments  lanceolate,  entire;  stipules  oval, 
ciliate;  raceme  usually  short,  compact,  glandular,  tomeutose;  pedicels 
shorter  than  the  bracts;  lobes  of  the  tomentose  calyx  ovate;  corolla 
white  or  cream-color;  petals  8"-12"  long ;  anthers  blue;  carpels  9-10, 
smooth,  cochleate-reiiiform ;  minutely  apiculate  at  the  inner  angle, 
mucronate. — On  water- courses.  Bare.  Hall  &  Harbour,  85;  Parry, 
429;  Meehan;  Brandegee.  Eagle  River,  Coulter. 

MALVASTRUM  COCCINEUM,  Gr. — Common  at  low  elevations,  in  dry  soil. 
Hall  &  Harbour,  86  ;  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith;  Canby ;  Porter  ;  Coulter. 
Abundant  along  the  Platte.  Colorado  Springs,  Redjield. 

SpHvERALCEA1  ANGUSTiFOLiA,  Spach.  (8.  stellata,  T.  &  G.  Ft.  N.  Am. 
1,  p.  228.)  Densely  clothed  with  a  grayish,  stellate  pubescence;  stem 
l°-3°  high,  branched;  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  acute,  petioled,  2/-3/ 
long,  4//-9//  wide,  erosely- serrulate,  rugose;  petioles  4//-12//  in  length; 
peduncles  axillary,  shorter  than  the  petioles,  2-mauy-flowered ;  flowers 
more  or  less  aggregated;  corolla  purple;  carpels  12-14,  with  two  short, 
slightly  recurved  points;  2,  rarely  3-seeded;  seeds  reniform,  glabrous; 
stipules  setaceous. — Canon.  City,  Brandegee.  Common  about  Pueblo, 
Greene. 

ABUTILON2  PARVULUM,  Gr.  PI.  Wright,  1,  p.  21.  Cinereous-tomeir 
tose  with  a  lax  minute  pubescence;  stems  slender,  spreading,  from  a 
perennial  woody  root,  paniculate  above;  branchlets  pilose  with  spreading 
hairs;  leaves  small,  6"-12"  broad,  cordate,  dentate,  sometimes  3-lobed, 
usually  obtuse,  canescent,  tomentose  beneath;  peduncles  axillary, 
1-flowered,  longer  than  the  leaf;  flowers  small,  yellow;  capsule  ovoid, 
somewhat  tomeutose,  5-lobed  at  the  apex,  much  longer  than  the  short 
calyx;  carpels  erect,  5,  rather  obtuse,  awnless,  2-3-seeded. — Ledges  of 
rock  near  Canon  City,  Greene. 

JLINACE^E. 

LINUM  PERENNE,  L.  Perennial,  glabrous ;  stems  l°-3°  high,  branch- 
ing above;  branches  virgate;  leaves  alternate,  scattered,  linear,  acute; 
flowers  terminal  and  nearly  opposite  the  leaves,  large;  peduncles  becom- 
ing elongated  and  nodding  in  fruit;  sepals  oval,  with  membranous  mar- 
gins, a  little  shorter  than  the  globose  capsule;  petals  free,  retuse,  blue, 
3-4  times  the  length  of  the  calyx;  styles  5,  capsule  5-celled,  with  bearded 
dissepiments. — Not  rare  in  the  mountains,  but  more  common  at  higher 
elevations.  Hall  &  Harbour,  87;  Dr.  Smith.  North  Park,  Hay  den ; 
Coulter. 

LINUM  RIGIDUM,  Pursh.  Stems  5'-15'  high,  angled,  much-branched; 
branches  strict,  ascending;  leaves  alternate;  linear,  pungently- acute, 
rigid,  with  scabrous  margins;  flowers  panicled  or  corymbose;  pedicels 

1  SPH^ERALCEA,  St.  Hil.  Involucel  2-3  leaved,  setaceous,  often  deciduous.  Stigmas 
capitate.  Ovaries  many,  15-20.  Carpels  1-celled,  2-ovuled,  the  lower  ovule  ascend- 
ing, the  other  pendulous,  compressed,  often  truncate  and  pointed  above,  membra  na- 
ceous  or  coriaceous,  2-valved  above,  hardly  separating  from  each  other  and  from  the 
axis  Radicle  inferior,  or  in  the  upper  seed  centripetal-superior.  Gr.,  Gen.  ///.,  2,  p.  69. 

2ABUTiLOisr,  Tourn.,  Gaertu.  Involucel  none.  Stigmas  capitate.  Ovules  3  in  each 
carpel,  rarely  4-9,  all  or  the  lower  spreading  or  resupinate-pendulous.  Fruit  of  5-mnny 
carpels.  Carpels,  1-celled,  about  2-valved,  scarcely  separating  from  the  axis.  Radicle 
ascending  or  centripetal.  Leaves  cordate.  Gray,  Gen.  Ill,  2,  p.  65. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  17 

thickened  at  the  end,  and  forming  an  exterior  cup-shaped  calcyculus  ; 
sepals  ovate-lanceolate,  cuspidate,  strongly  3-nerved,  glandular  spinu- 
lose-scabrous  on  the  margins,  longer  than  the  globose  capsule  ;  petals 
sulphur-yellow.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee;  Greene. 


GERANIUM  BICHARDSONH,  F.  and  M.  (G.  albiflorum,  Hook.)  Stem 
erect,  l£°-3°  high,  dichotomously  branching,  glabrous  below,  branches 
slender]  leaves  deeply  5-parted,  lobes  sharply  incised,  sparsely  pube- 
scent; petioles  smooth;  radical  ones  on  long  petioles,  uppermost  opposite, 
on  short  petioles,  rather  acuminate;  pedicels  and  sepals  glandular-pilose; 
petals  entire,  white  or  pale  rose-color,  liirsute  at  base;  filaments  pilose 
at  base,  equaling  the  pilose  styles,  which  are  connate  one-third  their 
length;  capsule  glandular-pilose.  —  Growing  in  damp,  shaded  spots  along 
water-courses  in  the  mountains,  frequent.  Taller  but  less  robust  in  all 
its  parts  and  less  hairy  than  the  following,  from  which  in  some  forms  it 
can  scarcely  be  distinguished.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  88;  Porter;  Brande- 
gee; Coulter. 

GERANIUM  FREMONTH,  Torr.  Plant.  Fendl,  p.  26.  Perennial,  stems 
numerous,  diffusely  branching.  6'-!°  in  height,  more  or  less  pubescent 
throughout,  with  a  short,  close,  glandular  pubescence  sparsely  intermixed 
with  longer,  pilose  hairs;  upper  leaves  deeply  3-5-cleft,  truncate  at  base, 
or  the  lowest  cordate  with  a  broad  sinus,  radical  ones  7-cleft,  segments 
3-lobed  or  incised,  mucrouate-acute  ;  peduncles  l'-3'  long,  bearing  two 
flowers  on  pedicels  1'—  2'  long;  sepals  short-awned;  fruiting  pedicels 
more  or  less  divaricate  and  declined;  petals  obovate,  emargiuate,  light 
or  deep  purple,  villose  at  the  base,  sparingly  villose-bearded  on  the  veins; 
filaments  pilose-ciliate,  equaling  the  naked  styles  which  are  connate  be- 
low; seeds  delicately  reticulated;  stems  numerous  and  spreading,  divari- 
cately branched  above,  growing  in  dense  tufts,  with  large  purple  flow- 
ers 1'  in  diameter.  —  Very  common  on  dry,  open  hill-sides,  on  the  plains 
and  in  the  mountains.  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith;  Porter;  Coulter.  The 
degree  of  pubescence  is  variable,  some  forms  being  nearly  smooth. 

OXALIS  VIOLACEA,  L.  —  Glen  Eyrie.     Porter. 

OXALIS  STRICTA,  L.  —  In  the  lower  foot-hills.  Dr.  Smith;  Brandeyee  ; 
Coulter. 

ZYGOPHYLI.ACE^E.1 

KALLSTRCEMIA  MAXIMA,  T.  &  G.  (Tribulus  mcucimus,  L.)  Stems 
diffusely  procumbent,  1°-_J°  long  leaves  opposite,  abruptly  pinnate; 
leaflets  in  three,  or,  rarely,  four  pairs,  oblong  or  oval;  mucrouate,  slightly 
falcate,  pubescent  beneath,  terminal  ones  largest;  peduncles  1'  long, 
solitary,  axillary,  1-flowered  ;  flowers  yellow  ;  petals  marcescent  ;  cocci 
gibbous  below,  tuberculate.  —  Fremont  County,  Brandegee. 


R.  Br.  Flowers  perfect,  regular,  sepals  4-6.  JEstivatiou 
usually  convolute.  Petals  4-6,  alternate  with  the  sepals,  clawed;  at  lirst  short  and 
scale-like;  at  length  equal  to  the  sepals.  Stamens  twice  as  many,  hypogonous.  Fila- 
ments distinct,  dilated  at  base,  sometimes  placed  on  the  hack  of  a  small  scale.  Anthers 
fixed  near  the  middle,  introrse.  Ovary"  of  4-5  united  carpels,  opposite  the  petals, 
with  five  scales  or  glands  at  base,  or  surrounded  by  a  sinuate  disk.  Ovules  two  or 
more,  attached  to  the  inner  angle  of  the  carpel,  pendulous  or  rarely  erect.  Styles  and 
stigmas  united.  Fruit  capsular,  carpels  4-5,  which  sometimes  iu  fruit  split  into  ten 
1  -seeded  cocci  without  transverse  partitions.  —  Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite, 
stipulate,  not  dotted,  rarely  simple. 

KALLSTRCEMIA,  Scop.  Sepals  5-6,  persistent,  lanceolate  or  subulate.  Petals  5, 
obovate.  Filaments  10-1:>,  naked.  Ovaries  H'i-12-celled,  cells  1-ovuled.  Berries 
separating  from  the  persistent  styliferous  axis,  1-seeded.  indehiscent.  Style  conical, 
10-furrowed.  Stigma  capitate,  10-ribbed. 

2  F   C 


18  SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

RUTACEJE. 

PTELEA  ANGUSTIFOLIA,  Benth.  Distinguished  from  P.  trifoliata,  L., 
(Gray's  Manual,  p.  110,)  by  its  much  smaller  and  more  emarginate 
fruit,  and  its  oblong  or  lanceolate  leaves,  pubescent  or  villous,  becomr 
ing  smooth  and  shining  with  age.  —  Fifteen  miles  west  of  Canon  City, 
Porter;  Eedfield. 

VITACE^E. 

VITIS  RIP  ARIA,  MX.  (  V.  cordifolia,  MX.,  var.  riparia.,  Gr.)—  Canon  City. 
Brandegee. 
AMPELOPSIS  QTJINQUEFOLIA,  MX.—  Median. 


PACHYSTIMA1  MYRSINITES,  Eaf.  (OreopUla  myrtifolla,  Nutt.)  Stems 
10-2°  high,  densely  branched,  very  leafy;  leaves  roundish-oval,  or 
oblong,  J"-9"  long;  flowers  somewhat  fascicled  on  short  peduncles, 
small,  green  or  brownish,  apparently  always  perfect  (monoecious,  Nut- 
tall.)  —  In  dense  clumps  on  wooded  slopes.  Hall  &  Harbour,  92;  Parry. 
At  middle  elevations,  rare. 

RHAMNACEJE. 

CEANOTHUS  VELUTINUS,  Dougl.,  var.  LJEVIGATUS,  T.  &  G.  A  dense- 
ly-branched shrub,  usually  2°-4°  high  ;  leaves  round  or  ovate-elliptical, 
2'—  3'  long,  rather  obtuse,  sub-cordate,  glandularly  crenate-serrate, 
coriaceous,  glabrous  and  shining  above,  smooth  or  very  slightly  pubes- 
cent and  strongly  3-ribbed  beneath;  petioles  J'  in  length;  panicles 
axillary,  compound,  on  rather  long  peduncles;  flowers  white.  —  Parry. 
Mountains  west  of  Denver,  Greene. 

CEANOTHUS  FENDLERI,  Gr.  Shrub,  1  J°  high,  widely  and  intricately 
branched;  branches  and  branchlets  terete,  slender,  often  spinescent, 
whitish,  puberulent,  at  length  glabrous,  smooth;  leaves  small,  J'-J' 
long,  oval  or  elliptic,  obtuse,  very  entire,  not  glandular,  3-nerved,  silky- 
canesceiit  beneath,  smoothish  and  green  above;  flowers  in  clusters, 
dense,  sessile,  glabrous,  white.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  90.  Wet  Mount- 
ain Valley,  Brandegee.  In  the  mountains,  on  the  road  from  Denver  to 
Idaho  Springs,  Porter.  Sangre  de  Cristo  Kauge,  Redfield. 

CEANOTHUS  OVALIS,  Big.—  Foot-hills  along  the  Platte,  June,  Coulter. 

CEANOTHUS  OVATUS,  Desf.,  DC.  Prod.,  2,  p.  31.  (C.  Americanus,  L., 
var.  herbaceus,  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  Am.  1,  p.  264.)  Leaves  ovate  or  oval,  ser- 
rate, 3-nerved,  glabrous;  thyrsus  shortened;  fruit  sub-globose,  6-ribbed. 
—  Hall  &  Harbour,  91.  This  plant  we  have  not  seen. 

SAPINDACE.E. 

ACER  GLABRUM,  Torr.  (A.  tripartitum,  Kutt.)  Shrub,  G°-10°  high; 
leaves  sub-reuiform,  orbicular  in  outline,  3-lobed  or  more  iisusally  3- 
parted;  segments  short  and  broad,  acutely  incised  and  toothed,  some- 
what 3-lobed,  middle  one  cuneate  ;  corymb  nnibeled,  pedunculate,  few- 

1  PACHYSTIMA,  Raf  .  Petals  and  stamens  4,  inserted  on  or  below  the  margin  of  the 
broad,  flat,  quadrangular  disk  that  covers  the  small  pyramidal  ovary,  and  adheres  to 
the  throat  of  the  short,  obcoiiic,  4-lobed  calyx.  Style  very  short  ;  stigma  obsoletely 
2-lobed.  Capsule  coriaceous,  oblong,  acute,  2-celled,  loculi'cidally  2-valved;  cells  1-2 
seeded.  Seeds  inclosed  in  a  white,  membranous,  dissected  axil.  —  A  low,  branched, 
leafy,  glabrous  shrub,  with  opposite,  short-petioled,  mostly  serrate,  evergreen  leaves 
and  axillary  flowers.  Bentli.  $•  Hook. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  19 

flowered  ;  sepals  about  8,  linear-oblong  ;  petals  wanting  ;  fruit  glabrous, 
wings  broad,  diverging.  —  Along  water-courses  among  the  mountains. 
Dr.  Smith;  Coulter. 

XEGUNDO  ACEROIDES,  Moench.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Along  tlie 
riatte,  Coulter. 

ANACARDIACE^E. 

EHVS  GLABRA,  L.  —  Golden  City,  Greene. 

EHUS  TOXICODENDRON,  L.  —  Grows  on  dry  slopes.  Poisonous.  Turkey 
Creek,  Coulter. 

RHUS  AROMATICA,  Ait.,  var.  TRILOBATA,  Gr.  (R.  trilobata  'Suit.)  A 
much-branched  shrub,  3°-6°  high,  smooth  or  with  the  leaves  and  young- 
branches  minutely  pubescent;  leaves  trifoliate,  paler  beneath,  lateral 
leaflets  obovate,  obtuse,  3-lobed  at  the  apex,  or  nearly  entire  ;  terminal 
leaflet  larger,  cuneiform,  3-lobed  at  the  summit,  I'-IJ'  in  length.  —  Emit- 
ting a  heavy,  disagreeable  odor  when  bruised.  Distinguished  from  the 
eastern  form  by  its  greater  size,  smaller  leaves,  and  smoother  drupes. 
—  Dr.  Smith  ;  B.  H.  Smith.  Common  on  the  mesas  near  Colorado  Springs, 
Porter.  Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 


POLYGALA   VERTICILLATA,  L.  —  Dudley's   Ranch,  on    Clear   Creek, 

Greene. 


RHOMBIFOLIA,  Kutt.  Perennial;  stems  erect,  8/-12/ 
high,  angular,  nearly  smooth;  leaves  petioled;  leaflets  obovate-cuiiei- 
forin,  silky-puberuleut,  at  length  nearly  glabrous  ;  stipules  ovate  or  cor- 
date, acute,  as  long  as  the  petioles;  flowers  yellow,  alternate  or  in 
pairs,  lance-oval,  shorter  than  the  pedicels  ;  calyx-short,  teeth  triangular, 
acute,  the  upper  lip  2-toothed  ;  legumes  elongated,  falcate,  pendulous, 
glabrous,  about  3'  long.  —  Hall  tt  Harbour,  107  ;  Canty. 

THERMOPSIS  FABACEA,  DC.,  var.  MONTANA,  Gr.  Somewhat  pubescent  ; 
stems  numerous,  branched;  leaflets  l'-3'  long,  oblanceolate,  obtuse; 
stipules  oblong-ovate,  exceeding  the  petioles;  legumes  downy,  2/-3/ 
long,  linear-oblong,  erect,  nearly  straight,  about  10-seeded.  —  Middle  ele- 
vations in  the  mountains  and  on  the  plains.  Canty.  Four  miles  from 
Denver  on  Clear  Creek,  Coulter.  South  Park,  Porter. 

LUPIXUS  ORNATUS,  Dougl.  Watson's  Revision,  in  Proc.  Amer.  Acad- 
v.  8,  p.  528.  Stems  decumbent  or  ascending  ;  pubescence  usually  short,  more 
or  less  silky,  mostly  appressed;  stipules  setaceous;  leaflets  5-7,  ob- 
lanceolate or  cuneate-oblong;  J'-2'  long,  acute  or  acutish;  raceme 
3'-8'  long,  usually  short-peduncled  ;  bracts  short,  subulate  or  ovate; 
pedicels  ^"-3"  long;  bractlets  setaceous;  calyx-lips  nearly  equal,  the 
upper  rather  shortly  toothed  or  bifid,  the  lower  subentire  ;  petals  blue, 
equal,  5/-7//  long,  the  banner  acutish  sub-silky  on  the  back,  keel  cili- 
ate;  ovules  5-8;  pod  1J7  long,  3"-±."  wide. 

Var.  GLABRATUS,  Watson.  Leaflets  glabrous  above,  cuneate-oblong, 
acutish  or  obtuse  ;  flowers  nearly  white,  with  a  dark  purple  spot  upon 
the  banner.  "Common  in  the  mountains  of  Colorado."  —  Hall  &  Harbour, 


1  THERMOPSIS,  R.  Br.     Like  Baptma  (Gray's  Manual,  p.  142,)  but  with  large,  folia- 
ceous  stipules,  and  long,  flat  legumes. 


20          SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

LUPINUS  PARVIFLORUS,  ]S"utt.  Watson's  Rev.,  1.  c.,  p.  531.  Strict,  erectr 
slender,  2°-3°  high,  at  length  branching;  pubescence  scanty,  short,, 
appressed,  the  calyx  and  pedicels  silky ;  stipules  setaceous  ;  leaves  rather 
distant;  leaflets  5-11,  oblanceolate  to  obovate,  !7-27  long,  acute  or 
obtuse  and  niucronulate,  glabrous  above,  the  lower  leaves  snorter  than 
the  petioles  ;  raceme  J°-l°  long,  slender,  bracts  linear-subtulate,  equal- 
ing the  calyx ;  flowers  subverticillate  or  scattered,  the  slender  pedicels 
l"-*-2" long ;  calyx-lips  nearly  equal,  the  upper  2- toothed;  petals  light- 
blue,  equal,  3"-4"  long,  keel  ciliate  or  naked;  pod  J7  long,  2-4-seededr 
pubescent. — Very  abundant  near  the  Twin  Lakes,  Porter  and  Coulter. 

LUPINUS  ARGENTEUS,  Pursli.  Watson's  Rev.,  1.  c.,  p.  532.  Erect  or 
ascending,  l°-2°  high,  slender ;  pubescence  minute,  silky,  appressed ; 
stipules  small;  leaflets  5-8,  linear- lanceolate,  f'-lj'  long,  acute,  smooth 
above  or  nearly  so,  about  equaling  the  petioles;  racemes  37-67  long, 
nearly  sessile ;  flowers  subverticillate  or  scattered,  pedicels  #'-1"  long; 
calyx  campanulate,  gibbous  but  not  spurred  at  base,  minutely  bracteo- 
late,  upper  lip  broad,  2-toothed,  the  lower  subentire  slightly  longer ; 
petals  blue  or  cream-colored,  equal,  3"-4"  long,  the  banner  very  broad, 
naked  or  subhairy,  keel  naked  or  subciliate;  ovules  5-3;  pod  f7-!'  long. 

Yar.  DECUMBENS,  Watson.  (L.  decumbens,  Torr.)  Raceme  dense  and 
many-flowered;  stein  usually  stouter  and  more  leafy. — Dr.  Smith  ;  Bran- 
degee  ;  Canby;  Coulter  ;  Porter. 

Yar.  ARGOPHYLLUS,  Watson.  With  the  habit  of  var.  decumbens,  but 
more  copiously  silky-pubescent,  the  leaflets  nearly  or  quite  equally  so 
upon  both  sides,  longer  than  the  petioles ;  flowers  larger,  577-G7/  long, 
blue  or  ochroleucous,  the  calyx  decidedly  spurred.  Approaching  nearly 
to  D.  laxiflorm. — Brandegee. 

LUPINUS  C^ESPITOSUS,  iNutt  Watson's  Rev.,  1.  c.,  p.  533.  Crespitose 
dwarf,  27-47  high,  nearly  stemless,  silky-hirsute;  leaflets  5-7,  oblong- 
lanceolate,  attenuate  at  base,  much  shorter  than  the  petiole;  stipules 
adiiate,  subulate ;  spikes  sessile ;  densely  flowered,  shorter  than  the 
leaves ;  bracts  setaceous,  deciduous ;  calyx  bracteolate,  the  upper  lip 
2-parted,  lower  obscurely  3-toothed ;  petals  pale-blue,  equal, 3/7-477  long; 
legume  villous,  3-4-seeded. — "  West  of  the  Snowy  Range  on  Blue  River.'7 
Hall  &  Harbour,  96.  In  the  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

LUPINUS  PUSILLUS,  Pursh.  Watson's  Rev.,  I.  c.,  p.  539.  Annual,  low, 
very  hirsute  with  long  spreading  hairs ;  stems  3/-107  high,  branching 
from  the  base;  leaflets  3-7,  more  usually  5,  cuiieate-oblong  or  oblan- 
ceolate, f'-li'  long,  narrowed  at  the  base,  acute  or  obtuse,  smoother 
above,  about  half  as  long  as  the  petioles ;  raceme  spicate,  usually  short- 
peduncled,  27-37  long;  flowers  alternate,  wings  equaling  the  keel; 
bracts  persistent ;  calyx  ebracteolate,  upper  lip  2-cleft,  shorter  than  the 
subentire  lower  one ;  petals  purple  or  rose-color,  47/  long,  equal ;  legumes 
over  J7  long,  very  hirsute,  about  2-seeded ;  seeds  orbicular,  flattened. 
— Hall  &  Harbour,  94 ;  B.  H.  Smith  ;  Brandegee.  Near  Denver,  Coulter ; 
Porter. 

TRIFOLIUM  LONGIPES,  Xutt.  Somewhat  pubescent;  root  creeping; 
stems  erect  or  ascending,  simple,  37-l°  high ;  petioles  slender;  leaflets 
linear-lanceolate,  serrulate,  silky-pubescent  beneath ;  radical  ones  often 
oval  or  oblong;  stipules  semi-lanceolate,  acuminate;  heads  of  flowers 
sub-globose,  ebracteate,  on  long  peduncles ;  flowers  ochroleucous,  rarely 
purple,  frequently  deflexed  in  fruit ;  calyx-teeth  setaceous,  longer  than 
the  tube,  nearly  equal;  petals  lanceolate;  ovary  4-5  ovtiled. — Parry* 
Mount  Lincoln  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  21 

TRIPOLIUM  NANUM,  Torr.  Glabrous,  csespitose,  caudex  short  and  thick, 
branching,  1/-2'  high ;  leaflets  ovate  oblong,  somewhat  acuminate,  den- 
ticulate, strongly  veined,  on  rather  long  petioles;  stipules  membrana- 
ceous,  ovate,  cuspidate;  peduncles  very  short,  radical;  uinbellately  about 
3-flowered;  flowers  large,  J'  long,  dark  purple,  scarcely  unfolding;  calyx 
tubular-campanulate,  glabrous,  teeth  nearly  equal,  triangular-subulate, 
shorter  than  the  tube;  vexillum  broadly  obovate,  3-times  the  length  of 
the  calyx;  legume  4-5-seeded. — Alpine.  Hall  &  Harbour,  99;  Parry; 
'  Brandeyee.  Mount  Lincoln  at  14,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

TRIFOLIUM  DASYPHYLLUM,  T.  &  G.  Denselycoespitose;  caudex  short 
and  thick,  branching,  2'-4'  high ;  leaves,  peduncles,  and  calyx  more  or  less 
cauesceutly  silky ;  leaflets  linear,  oblong-lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate, 
entire;  stipules  membranaceous,  lanceolate,  subulate-acuminate;  head 
globose,  on  a  long  radical  peduncle,  bracteate,  V  in  diameter ;  bracts 
lanceolate,  scarious-inargiued,  unequal ;  teeth  of  the  calyx  setaceous, 
nearly  equal,  exceeding  the  tube  and  a  little  shorter  than  the  corolla; 
corolla  4"-6//  long,  scarcely  unfolding;  legume  3-4-seeded. — Alpine. 
Hall  cO  Harbour,  97 ;  .Parry,  Median.  Sangre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brande- 
gee.  Mount  Lincoln,  Mount  La  Plata  and  Gray's  Peak  at  12,000  feet 
altitude,  Coulter. 

TRIFOLIUM  PARRYI,  Gr.  Sill.  Jour.  (JV.  8.)  33,  p.  409.  Glabrous,  circu- 
lose,  subcaulescent ;  scape  3'-4'  high,  leafy  at  base ;  stipules  ovate, 
scarious;  leaflets  oblong,  (J-1J",)  sharply  dentate ;  involucre  scarious, 
5-7-parted,  much  shorter  than  the  many-flowered  head  ;  segments  ovate, 
obtuse;  calyx  about  thrice  shorter  than  the  persistent,  rose-purple 
(G"-9")  corolla,  teeth  broadly-subulate,  about  equaling  the  campauulate 
tube ;  flowers  20  or  more  in  a  head ;  legumes  sessile,  3-4-seeded. — Al- 
pine. Hall  c(;  Harbour,  98;  Parry;  Median.  Common  on  the  higher 
mountains,  Coulter.  Gray's  Peak  at  11,000  feet,  Eedfield. 

TRIFOLIUM  INVOLUCRATOI,  AVilld.  Xearly  erect,  glabrous ;  slender, 
branching  from  the  base,  10'-18'  high ;  leaflets  linear-lanceolate,  mucro- 
nate,  spiuuosely-serrulate,  l'-l  J'  long];  stipules  membranaceous,  oblong- 
ovate,  aristate,  the  upper  ones  pectinately  dentate  with  setaceous 
teeth;  the. lowermost  narrower  and  nearly  entire  ;  involucre  laciniately 
many-cleft,  a  little  shorter  than  the  rather  loose  subheniispherical  heads ; 
heads  V  or  more  in  diameter ;  flowers  purple,  tipped  with  white ;  teeth 
of  the  calyx  longer  than  the  tube  and  much  shorter  than  the  corolla, 
subulate  from  a  very  broad  base ;  legume  stipitate,  5-G-seeded. — Fremont 
County,  Brandegee. 

HOSACKIA l  PuRsniANA,  Beuth.  Much-branched,  G'-2°  high,  annual, 
erect,  more  or  less  hairy,  sometimes  softly  villous;  leaflets  3,  (rarely  4,) 
ovate  to  lanceolate,  rather  acute;  stipules  minute,  blackish;  peduncles 
longer  than  the  leaves,  1-flowered;  bract  simple;  calyx  deeply  parted ; 
corolla  3"-4"  long,  scarce  exceeding  the  calyx,  keel  attenuated  upward, 
falcate ;  petals  rose-colored,  the  vexillum  with  deeper  minute  stripes ; 
legume  V  or  more  long,  straight,  not  attenuate  above. — Hall  ct  Har- 
bour, 108. 

PSORALEA  LAJSTCEOLATA,  Pursli.  Nearly  glabrous,  with  a  few  scat- 
tered hairs  and  numerous  dark-colored  glands,  erect,  1°  high,  much 

1  HOSACKIA,  Dougl.  Calyx  tubular  or  somewhat  campauulate,  5-cleft  or  toothed- 
Vexillum  as  long-  as  the  spreading  wings,  often  distant  from  those  of  the  other  petals- 
Keel  as  long  as  the  vexillum.  Style  subulate,  usually  somewhat  straight.  Stigma 
capitate.  Legume  somewhat  compressed,  wingless. — Herbs  or  stitirutescent  plants  (all 
American.)  Stipules  very  minute,  sometimes  foliaceons.  Peduncles  axillary  or  um- 
bellately 1-3  many-flowered;  commonly  with  a  1-3-foliolate  bract  below  the  flowers. 
Torr.  &QT.  n.  X.  'Am. 


22  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

branched;  lea-res  palraately3-foliolate;  leaflets  y-V long, linear-lanceolate 
or  elliptical-oblong,  rather  obtuse,  slightly  mucronate,  sessile;  peduncles 
longer  than  the  leaves ;  raceme  short,  6-15-flowered ;  calyx-teeth  minute, 
acute;  corolla  3"  long,  bluish  ;  legumes  globose,  sparingly  hirsute,  cov- 
ered with  larger  dark-brown  glands. — Hall  &  Harbour,  101;  Dr.  Smith; 
B.  H.  Smith.  Very  abundant  on  the  plains  around  Denver  and  Colorado 
Springs,  Porter. 

PSORALEA  DIGITATA,  Xutt.  Ganesceut,  diffusely  branched,  branches 
slender;  leaves  5-foliolate;  leaflets  cuneate-oblong  and  oblong-linear  with 
an  abrupt,  rigid  point,  If  long,  2"-4"  wide,  smooth  and  minutely  dotted 
above,  hirsute  beneath,  longer  than  the  petioles;  stipules  lanceolate,  re- 
flexed;  spikes  short,  interrupted,  on  very  long  peduncles,  the  clusters 
3-6  flowered ;  flowers  sessile;  bracts  obcordate  or  reniforin ;  calyx  villous, 
half  as  long  as  the  corolla,  segments  ovate,  acuminate,  the  lowest  one 
produced;  vexillum  roundish-obovate ;  legume  orbicular-ovate,  com- 
pressed, hirsute,  not  wrinkled;  seeds  ovate. — Purgatory  River,  Dr.  Bell. 

PSORALEA  FLORIBUNDA,  Nutt. — Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith;  Porter. 
Abundant  on  the  plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter.  Hall  &  Harbour,  102. 

PSORALEA  ARGYOPIIYLLA,  Pursh. — Hall  &  Harbour,  103;  Porter. 

PSORALEA  CUSPIDATA,  Pursh.  (P.  cryptocarpa,  T.  &  G.)  Stein  l°-2° 
high,  terete,  branched,  canescent  with  appressed  pubescence;  leaves 
5-foliolate;  leaflets  obovate  or  elliptical-oblong,  I'-IJ'  long,  obtuse  or 
acutish,  mucronate,  about  as  long  as  the  petiole,  minutely  dotted,  pube- 
scent; stipules  subulate ;  peduncles  much  longer  than  the  leaves ;  spikes 
ovate  or  oblong,  flower-clusters  crowded;  flowers  blue;  bracts  lanceolate, 
cuspidate,  shorter  than  the  flower;  calyx  large,  somewhat  inflated,  gib- 
bous at  the  base,  conspicuously  dotted,  teeth  triangular  lanceolate,  acu- 
minate, two  upper  ones  united  to  the  middle,  the  lower  one  produced : 
legume  ovate,  membranaceous,  scarcely  pointed,  not  wrinkled,  hid  in 
the  large  calyx. — Purgatory  River,  Dr.  Bell. 

PSORALEA  HYPOG^EA,  Nutt.  Acaulescent;  root  tuberous,  oblong,  edi- 
ble, about  I'  long ;  stemless,  hirsute  with  whitish  appressed  hairs ;  leaves 
5-7  foliolate;  leaflets  linear-lanceolate  or  linear-oblong,  usually  acute, 
I'-IJ'  long,  2"-3"  wide,  nearly  glabrous  above;  spikes  capitate,  on 
peduncles  much  shorter  than  the  petioles;  bracts  lanceolate;  calyx 
cleft  below  the  middle,  segments  linear,  acuminate,  the  lowest  lanceo- 
late, elongated  ;  corolla  pale-blue  ;  banner  o\>long,  of  the  length  of  the 
wings  and  twice  as  long  as  the  keel. — Sandy  plains  of  Xorthern  Colo- 
rado. Rare.  Greene. 

DALEA  ALOPECUROIDES,  Willd. — Hall  cO  Harbour,  104;  Dr.  Smith; 
Brandegee. 

DALEA  LAXIFLORA,  Pursh.  Glabrous,  3°-4°  high,  erect,  branched 
above;  branches  slender  and  spreading;  leaflets  4-5  pairs,  linear-ob- 
long, 2"-3"  long,  %"  wide,  strongly  dotted;  spikes  panicled,  few-flow- 
ered; flowers  distant ;  bracts  very  broad,  almost  orbicular,  glandular, 
coriaceous,  glabrous,  slightly  cuspidate,  embracing  the  flower;  calyx 
deeply  cleft,  teeth  long,  setaceous,  beautifully  plumose;  corolla  white, 
keel  twice  as  long  as  the  wings,  vexillum  cordate,  very  small,  sometimes 
with  4  approximated  glands  near  the  middle. — Hall  &  Harbour,  100. 

DALEA  NANA,  Torr.,  var.  ELATIOR  Torr.  PI.  Wright,  I,  p.  46.  Stems 
about  1°  high,  canescent  with  appressed  pubescence,  branching;  branches 
leafy  to  the  to]);  leaves  remote;  leaflets  2-3  pairs,  oblong  and  obovate, 
slightly  apiculaU',  clothed  with  silky,  canesceut  hairs,  not  dotted,  H"-4" 
long;  spikes  ovate,  loosely-flowered,  elongated  and  cylindrical  in 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         23 

fruit,  I/  long,  on  short  peduncles  or  sessile  on  the  ends  of  the  leafy 
branches;  bracts  obovate,  apiculate,  about  the  length  of  the  yellow 
flowers:  calyx  deeply  cleft,  teeth  setaceous,  plumose. — Purgatory  River, 
Dr.  Bell. — Closely  allied  to  D.  a  urea,  from  which  it  differs  in  its  diffusely 
spreading-,  slender  stems,  repeatedly  branched  and  leafy  to  the  spikes, 
which  are  smaller  and  much  less  dense. 

DALEA  JAMESII,  Torr.  Stems  several  from  one  root,  4'-9'  high, 
somewhat  woody  at  the  base;  whole  plant  silky-pubescent;  leaves  pal- 
mately  tri-foliolate,  not  dotted  with  glands;  leaflets  obovate,  very  obtuse; 
stipules  setaceous,  erect,  rigid,  4"  long;  petioles  G"-!)"  long;  spikes 
oblong,  sessile,  dense  and  broad,  about  I7  long;  bracts  ovate,  acuminate, 
longer  than  the  calyx;  calyx  deeply  cleft,  segments  setaceous,  plumose, 
longer  or  shorter  than  the  vexillum;  flowers  golden-yellow. — Caiion 
City,  Brandegee. 

PETALOSTEMON  YIOLACEUS,  MX. — B.  H.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs 
Porter.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  not  as  common  as  the  following,  Coulter. 

PETALOSTEMOX  CANDIDUS, MX. — Common  on  the  plains.  Dr.  Smith: 
Coulter  :  Porter. 

PETALOSTEMON  MACROSTACHYUS,  Torr.  Ann.  X.  Y.  Lye.,  2,  p.  176. 
Glabrous,  stem  l°-2°  high,  branched,  dotted,  leaflets  2-3  pairs,  lanceo- 
late-oblong, obtuse,  dotted  beneath,  J'  long,  upper  surface  becoming  deep 
verdigris-green  in  drying;  spike  cylindrical,  elongated,  6  and  more 
when  old,  the  rachis  villous ;  bracts  lanceolate,  as  long  as  the  flower; 
calyx  silky- villous,  teeth  lanceolate;  vexillum  cordate;  petals  linear- 
oblong,  narrowed  at  the  base  and  nearly  white;  legume  inclosed  in  the 
persistent  calyx,  gibbous,  compressed,  baity. — Hall  &  Harbour,  105. 

AMORPHA  FRUTICOSA,  L. — On  the  plains,  along  the  Platte,  Coulter. 
Pueblo  County,  Redlidd. 

AMORPHA  CANESCENS,  Xutt. — Plains,  Porter. 

ROBIN IA  XEO-MEXICANA,  Gr.  PI.  Thiirb.,  p.  314.  Shrub  4°-G-  high  ; 
stipular  prickles  subrecurved,  sharp  and  stout;  leaflets  elliptical  or 
oblong,  i'-l'  long;  peduncles  and  the  short, crowded  racemes  hispid 
with  straight  glaiiduliferous  hairs;  calyx  finely  hispid,  teeth  subulate- 
lanceolate;  corolla  rose-color ;  pods  glandular-hispid.  Resembles  in  its 
flowers  E.  rixeoxa. — Cucharas  River,  Huerfauo  County,  Greene. 

ASTRAGALUS  CARYOCARPUS,  Ker.—Hall  i(-  Harbour,  132  and  133. 
Brandegee.  On  the  plains  and  in  South  Park,  Porter. 

ASTRAGALI'S   MEXICANUS,   A.  DC. 

ASTRAGALUS  PLATTENSIS,  Kutt.  We  have  seen  no  specimens  01 
this  nor  of  the  preceding  species  from  Colorado,  but  from  the  range 
ascribed  to  them  by  Dr.  Gray  in  his  Revision,  Proe.  Am.  Acad..  vol.  6,  p. 
193,  they  doubtless  exist  there. 

ASTRAGALUS  MOLLISSUMUS, Torr.  Ann.X.  Y.  Lye.,  2,  p.  ITS.  Perennial, 
subacaulescent,  shining  with  a  soft  silky-villous,  often  yellow,  pubes- 
cence;  peduncles  long,  scape  like;  spikes  dense;  flowers  rather  large, 
violet;  calyx  tubular;  pod  cartilaginous,  oblong,  turgid,  5"-9"  long, 
very  smooth,  subdidymous,  ovary  also  glabrous;  stipules  lanceolate, 
free,  cohering  below  the  petiole;  leaflets  11-14  pairs,  ovate-oblong  or 
oval,  V  long,  obtuse,  but  slightly  inucronate. — Hall  c(*  Harbour,  122. 
On  the  plains,  scarce, 'Dr.  Bell. 

ASTRAGALUS  CANADENSIS-,  L. — At  the  base  of  the  foot-hills  and 
along  water-courses  of  the  plains.  B.  H.  Smith;  Porter;  Brandegee. 

ASTRAGALUS  ADSURGENS,   Pall.   (A.    stria-tux,    Xutt.)    Gray's   Eer. 


24          SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  7,  p.  197.  Perennial,  cinereous  with  minute  appressed 
pubescence,  or  glabrate;  stems  rather  stout,  4'-18'  high,  ascending 
or  decumbent,  sulcate  as  well  as  the  peduncles;  stipules  scarious, 
mostly  united  at  base;  leaflets  10  pairs,  6"-9"  long,  oblong,  or  linear- 
oblong;  peduncles  long,  stout,  strict,  strongly  sulcate, '  often  nearly 
equaling  the  leaves;  spike  dense,  at  length  oblong  or  cylindrical; 
flowers  purplish,  medium-sized,  ascending;  calyx-tube  rather  long, 
campanulate,  twice  longer  than  the  setaceous  teeth,  subvillous  with 
light  or  dark  hairs;  pod  coriaceous,  pubescent,  sessile,  ascending, 
ovate-oblong,  4"-5"  long,  straight,  usually  triangular-compressed,  with 
a  dorsal  sulcus  and  two-celled  by  the  intruded  dorsal  suture,  tnany- 
ovuled. — Hall  &  Harbour,  135;  Canby  ;  Brandegee;' Porter.  Plains  of 
the  Platte,  Coulter.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Red  field. 

ASTRAGALUS  HYPOGLOTTIS,  L.  Gray's  Rev.  I.  c.,  p.  197.  Perennial, 
with  a  rather  loose  pubescence ;  steins  6'-2°  long,  slender,  diffusely 
procumbent  or  ascending;  stipules  subfoliaceous,  and  more  or  less 
sheathing;  leaflets  7-10  pairs,  oblong,  obtuse  or  retuse;  heads  few 
to  many-flowered;  corolla  violet,  y  long;  legume  ovate-triangular, 
softly,  silky-villous  with  white  hairs,  very  shortly  stipitate  and  but 
2-8  seeded. — Hall  &  Harbour,  139;  Canly;  B.  H.  Smith;  Porter; 
Brandegee.  Common  on  the  plains  and  in  the  mountains,  Coulter. 

ASTRAGALUS  BRANDEGEI,  Porter  (n.  sj).)  Cauescent  with  minute 
appressed  hairs;  branching  from  a  somewhat  woody  base,  branches  as- 
surgent,  6' high ;  leaflets  in  5  rather  distant  pairs,  linear,  obtuse,  in- 
volute, glabrous  above,  G'MS"  long ;  stipules  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
slightly  aduate  to  the  petioles;  peduncles  much  longer  than  the  leaves, 
slender,  erect ;  flowers  about  5,  in  a  loose  raceme,  very  small,  lJ/7-27/ 
long;  calyx  turbinate,  hairy,  tube  a  little  shorter  than  the  subulate 
teeth ;  corolla  white  or  cream-color,  tinged  with  purple,  banner  exceed- 
ing the  keel,  reflexed  ;  pod  hairy,  turgid,  obovoid,  with  a  shallow  dorsal 
sulcus,  4"-7//  long,  coriaceous,  abruptly-pointed,  short-stipitate,  straight, 
ascending,  twice  the  length  of  the  slender  pedicel,  2-celled  or  nearly 
so,  many-seeded. 

This  new  Astragalus,  which  belongs  to  Section  9,  Micrcwihi,  of  Gray's 
Revision,  is  allied  to  A.  atratm,  Watson.  I  have  named  it  in  honor  of  the 
zealous  collector  from  whom  it  was  received. — Banks  of  the  Arkansas, 
near  Canon  City,  T.  S.  Brandegee,  June  2G,  1873. 

ASTRAGALUS  DRUMMONDII.  Dougl.  Gr.  Rev.  I  c.,  p.  200.  Perennial, 
softly-villous ;  stem  erect,  1°-U°  high,  stout,  sulcate,  very  leafy; 
leaflets  10-15  pairs,  oblong  and  linear-oblong,  obtuse,  narrowed  at 
the  base;  stipules  distinct,  free,  ovate,  acuminate;  peduncles  longer 
than  the  leaves,  erect,  spikes  loosely-flowered ;  flowers  rather  large, 
white  or  ochroleucous,  with  the  point  of  the  keel  purple-tinged,  pendulous 
and  somewhat  secund ;  calyx-teeth  subulate,  shorter  than  the  tube, 
scarcely  gibbous  at  base,  pilose  with  blackish  hairs ;  pod  very  smooth, 
stipitate,  exserted  from  the  calyx,  pendulous,  linear-oblong,  coriaceous, 
straight,  terete-biventricose,with  a  narrow,  very  deep  sulcus,  completely 
or  incompletely  divided  by  the  intrusion  of  the  dorsal  suture. — Hall  & 
Harbour,  124.  Near  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Wet  Mountain  Valley, 
Brandegee.  Plains  near  Denver,  Coulter.  Ula,  Wet  Mountain  Vallev, 
Redfield, 

ASTRAGALUS  SCOPULORUM,  Porter  (n.sfj.)  Pubescent  with  appressed 
hairs;  stems  ascending,  about  1°  high,  angled,  branching;  stipules 
(especially  the  lower  ones)  somewhat  coherent;  leaflets  9-13  pairs, 
obovate  or  oblong,  abruptly  short-pointed,  glabrous  above;  peduncles 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.          25 

strict,  erect,  longer  than  the  leaves,  loosely  many-flowered;  bracts 
scarious,  subulate,  longer  than  the  pedicels;  flowers  yellow  or  ochroleu- 
cous,  re  flexed;  corolla  rather  large,  9"  long;  calyx  gibbous  at  base, 
pilose  with  blackish  hairs,  the  subulate  teeth  scarce  half  as  long  as  the 
cylindrical  tube;  pod  over  I7 in  length,  stipitate,  exserted  from  the  calyx, 
pendulous,  oblong,  becoming  arcuate  with  age,  sharply  3-angled,  cbart- 
aceous,  the  dorsal  suture  salient,  with  an  acute  sulcus  on  each  side,  in- 
truded half  way  to  the  ventral.  This  species  must  be  referred  to  Sect. 
11,  Ga1egiforme8,of  Gray's  Revision,  and  seems  in  many  respectsto fill  an 
intermediate  position  between  A.  Drummondii  and  A.  racemoswi. — South 
Park,  July  24,  1872,  Porter.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  1873,  Brandegee,  in 
flower  and  fruit. 

ASTRAGALUS  RACEMOSUS,  Pursh.  Gr.  Rev.  1.  e.,  p.  200.  Appressed- 
pubescent  or  glabrate ;  stem  l°-2°  high,  rather  stout,  somewhat  silicate, 
very  leafy;  stipules  distinct,  free;  leaflets  in  about  10  pairs,  elliptical- 
oblong  or  oval,  obtuse,  mucronate,  6" -8"  long;  peduncles  about  the 
length  of  the  leaves,  loosely  many-flowered;  flowers  nodding  and 
somewhat  secund;  calyx  strongly  gibbous  at  base,  whitish-puberuleut, 
the  setaceous  teeth  slightly  shorter  than  the  tube,  equaling  the  stipe ; 
pod  lance-oblong,  1'  long*  three-angled,  not  2-celled,  cross  section 
somewhat  equally  tri-radiate,  very  smooth.  Leaflets  glabrous  above. — 
Hall  c(-  Harbour i  113.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Braudegee. 

ASTRAGALUS  GRACILIS,  2sutt.  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  202.  Erect,  slender, 
pubescent;  stems  virgate,  1°  high  or  more  from  a  very  long,  sweet 
root;  leaflets  very  narrowly  linear,  almost  filiform,  7//-10//  long,  obtuse 
orretuse,  OtoSpairs:  lower  stipules  somewhat  united,  the  rest  distinct: 
raceme  spike-like,  many-flowered,  long-peduncled.  virgate ;  flowers  3" 
long,  pale  purple,  recur ved-spreading;  pods  spreading,  2//-3//  long, 
coriaceous,  strongly  concave  on  the  back,  white  hairy,  at  length  glabrous, 
transversely  rugose-veined,  elliptic-ovate,  1-celled,  ventral  suture  thick 
and  subacute. — Plains  of  Eastern  Colorado,  Dr.  Bell. 

ASTRAGALI^  MiCROLOBUS,  Gr.  Rec.  I.  c.,  p.  203.  (A  gracilix,  Ton*, 
in  Ann.  X.  Y.  Lye.,  p.  179.)  Cinereous-pubescent ;  stems  erect  and 
ascending,  about  1°  high ;  leaflets  linear  or  oblong-linear,  emarginate, 
4//-6// long;  racemes  rather  short  and  usually  loosely  flowered;  flowers 
deep  purple,  4"  long ;  pods  re  flexed,  thick,  cartilaginous,  puberuleut, 
finely  rugulose,  turgid,  a  little  flattened  on  the  back,  the  ventral  suture 
very  thick. — Hall  &  Harbour,  119;  Brandegee. 

ASTRAGALUS  ABORIGIXUM,  Richards.  Gr.  Rer.  1.  c.,  p.  208.  Perennial 
hoary-pubescent  or  subvillous ;  steins  numerous,  rigid,  ascending,  J°- 
1°  high ;  stipules  triangular,  for  the  most  part  free ;  leaflets  3-6 
pairs,  linear  or  oblong-lanceolate,  acute ;  peduncles  exceeding  the 
leaves;  flowers  small  (3//-5//  long)  in  a  compact  raceme,  white  or 
tinged  with  violet;  calyx-teeth  filiform-subulate,  a  little  snorter  than 
the  tube;  legume  loug-stipitate,  reflexed,  somewhat  membranous, 
glabrous,  laterally  subcompressed,  (cross-section  oval,)  straight  dorsally, 
the  ventral  suture  arcuate,  1-celled  with  a  very  narrow  rudimentary 
septum  on  the  dorsal  side,  10-15-ovuled. — Xot  seen  by  us,  but  re- 
ported from  the  Rocky  Mountains  of  Colorado  by  Watson  in  King's 
Rep.,  vol.  5,  p.  70. 

ASTRAGALUS  IODASTHUS,  Watson.  Kin(f*  Rep.,  v.  5.  p.  70.  Peren- 
nial, canescent  with  an  appressed  hairy  pubescence,  or  nearly  glabrous: 
stems  decumbent,  G'-IO'  long;  stipules  ovate-lanceolate,  free  or  some- 
what adnate  to  the  petiole;  leaflets  G-10  pairs.  2//-5//  long,  obovate  or 
orbicular,  obtuse  ;  peduncles  equaling  or  shorter  than  the  leaves;  spikes 


26 


oblon 
subfa 
other] 
Harbour,  110.  South  Park,  Port 

ASTRAGALUS  OROBOIDES,  Hornem.,  var..  AMERICANUS.,  Gr.  Her. 
1.  c.,  p.  205.  Subcinereous-puberulent ;  stems  suberect.  1°-1 J°  high  ; 
leaflets  5-7  pairs,  oblong  and  oval,  or  often  linear-oblong,  scarcely 
retuse;  flowers  3"-4"  long,  violet  or  deep  purple,  tbe  wings  exceed- 
ing the  keel ;  pod  5"-G"  long,  3  or  4  times  longer  than  the  calyx, 
moderately  sulcate,  few-seeded;  stipe  very  short. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
117.  "Along  the  bank  of  streams,  at  middle  elevations  and  subalpiue.*' 
Mt.  Lincoln  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

ASTRAGALUS  ALPLNUS,  L. — Alpine  and  subalpine. — Hall  <fc  Harb  cur 
125 ;  Dr.  Smith  ;  Brandegee.  South  Park,  Porter.  Mt.  Lincoln  at  13,000 
feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

ASTRAGALUS  SPARSIFLORUS,  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  205.  Slightly  ap- 
pressed-pilose  or  glabrate;  stems  1°  or  more  in  length  with  many  slen- 
der branches,  diffuse;  stipules  triangular-subulate,  distinct;  leaflets 
4-0  pairs,  obovate  or  subrounded,  often  emarginate,  2"-3//  long  ; 
peduncles  scarcely  exceeding  the  leaves,  3-10  flowered ;  flowers  3" 
long,  bluish-white,  the  emargiuate  or  bifid  banner  and  the  wings  much 
exceeding  the  incurved  keel;  calyx-teeth  equaling  the  tube;  ovary  8- 
12-ovuled,  short-stipitate ;  pod,  3"-0"  long,  coriaceous,  oblong,  in- 
curved, pubescent  with  short  hairs,  mottled,  2-celled  to  the  middle, 
very  short  stipitate,  ventral  suture  acute. — Hall  tl*  Harbour,  128.  Oak 
Creek,  Fremont  County,  Brandegee. 

ASTRAGALUS  LOTIFLORUS,  Hook.  Gr.  Rev.  L  c.,  p.  208.  Hoary  or 
cinereous  with  appressed  hairs ;  stems  very  short ;  leaves  lance-ob- 
long ;  peduncles  exceeding  the  leaves  or  very  short ;  heads  few-flow- 
ered ;  flowers  yellowish  ;  calyx-teeth  subulate,  exceeding  the  tube  ;  pod 
about  V  long,  oblong-ovate,  inflated,  sub  canescent,  the  cross-section 
obovate,  retuse  or  usually  broadly  obcordate  toward  the  base. — Hall  it* 
Harbour,  131.  Near  Denver,  Coulter. 

ASTRAGALUS  PUBENTISSIMUS,  T.  &  G.  Gr.  Rt\\  I.  c.,  p.  209.  Dwarf, 
hirsute-canescent  with  a  loose  pubescence,  many-stemmed  from  an 
annual  or  biennial  root ;  leaflets  oblong  or  obovate";  flowers  few,  rather 
small,  purplish- white,  subracemose  upon  a  short  peduncle,  calyx-teeth 
equaling  the  campanulate  tube ;  pod  villous,  9"-10"  long,  inflated, 
membranaceous,  ovate-lunate,  strongly  incurved,  sulcate  on  the  back 
with  a  slight  introflexion  of  the  suture.  "  Colorado  Territory,  near  the 
sources  of  the  Colorado  of  the  West.  Found  only  by  Xuttali." 

ASTRAGALUS  MISSOURIENSIS,  Nutt.  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  210.  Subcanles- 
cent,  hoary-silky  with  a  short,  very  closely  appressed  pubescence ;  usu- 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  2T 

ally  prostrate  or  matted;  peduncles  scape-like,  eapitately  few  flowered 
or  spieately  H-14  flowered;  calyx-teeth  about  halt'  shorter  than  the 
cylindrical  tube;  leaflets  5-10  pairs,  elliptical  and  obovate-elliptical ; 
corolla  bright  violet  (or  rarely  white;)  pod  thick,  coriaceous,  ohcom- 
pressed,  nearly  straight,  about  1'  long:,  blackish,  elliptic,  transversely 
rngulose. — Hall  &  Harbour.  127.  Purgatory  River,  I)r.  Bell.  Canon 
City,  Brandegee. 

ASTRAGALUS  SHORTIANUS,  Nutt.  Gr.  Rer.  1.  c.,  p.  210.  Usually  sub- 
acanlescent,  silky-canescent  with  a  very  closely  ai)pressed  pubescence  ; 
leaflets  obovate  or  ovate,  7"-10"  long;  peduncles  scape-like  few— 
many-flowered,  commonly  shorter  than  the  leaves;  calyx  6"  long,  cyl- 
indric,  teeth  shorter  than  the  tube  ;  corolla  violet  or  blue,  rather  large 
and  showy;  pod  l'-2'  long,  ovate  or  ovate  lanceolate,  thick,  coriaceous, 
obcompressed,  intruded  dorsal  suture  approaching  the  ventral,  not 
-celled,  transversely  mgnlose,  pointed  and  strongly  arcuate,  thick,  more 
or  less  pubescent. — Hall  &  Harbour,  120  (A.  cyane-uft,Gr.;)  Brandegee. 
Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 

ASTRAGALUS  PARRYI,  Gr.  Rer.  L  c.,  p.  211.  Stem  short,  prostrate, 
villons  with  loose  spreading  hairs;  leaflets  7-13  pairs,  obovate  or 
oblong,  3"-9"  long;  peduncles  rather  short  :  flowers  6-10,  loosely  sub- 
capitate,  G^-IO"  long,  whitish  or  yellowish,  the  keel  tinged  with  pur- 
ple;  calyx-teeth  half  shorter  than  the  cylindric  tube;  pod  pubescent, 
oblong-lanceolate,  1'  longer  or  more,  arched  or  at  length  em-mate,  ob^ 
compressed,  rugulose,  both  sutures  sulcately  impressed,  contiguous, 
— Hull  &  Harbour,  123;  Brandegee.  Near  Denver,  Coulter.  Specimens 
from  Brandegee  have  the  assnrgent  stems  tVom  8'-10'  long.  with  2-3 
peduncles  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves. 

ASTRAGALUS  TRIFLORUS,  Gr.  Rev.  L  c.r  p.  214.  Annual,  cinereous- 
pubescent,  very  much  branched  from  the  base,  brandies  ascending, 
t>/-12/  high;  stipules  acuminate,  slightly  adhering  at  base;  leaflets 
5-7  pairs,  oblong  or  linear-oblong  often  truncate  at  the  apex  and  retuse. 
4'/_g"  long;  peduncles  in  fruit,  exceeding  the  leaves;  flowers  3-15, 
ochroleucous,  tinged  with  purple,  small,  about  3"  long;  calyx-teeth 
subulate,  equaling  the  tube;  pod  sessile  or  on  a  short  pedicel,  mem- 
branous, inflated,  oval,  obtuse  or  acutish  7//-12//  long,  finely  reticulated, 
pubescent,  neither  suture  inflexed,  dorsal  snlcas  deep  and  narrow, 
many-seeded. — Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

ASTRAGALUS  PICTUS,  Gr.  Rev.  L  c.,  p.  2U.  Root  filiform ;  hoary 
with  a  loose  silky  pubesceuce;  stipules  rigid,  persistent,  connate;  leaflets 
3-7  pairs,  narrowly  line-ir  or  filiform,  G"-18"  long,  most  of  them  usually 
abortive;  flowers  few,  rather  small:  keel  with  the  iuflexed  apex  some- 
what produced,  pale  rose-colored ;  pod  G"-1S"  long,  mottled  with  pur- 
ple blotches,  ovoid,  short  stipitate,  stipe  equaling  the  calyx,  scarcely 
point*  (1,  pendent. 

Yar.  FILIFOLIUS,  Gr.  /.  c.,  p.  215.  (A.  JiUfolius.  Gr.)  Leaves  usually 
imperfect;  leaflets  very  few,  mostly  attenuated,  I'-li'  long,  terminal 
one,  or  the  filiform  rachis  produced,  persistent;  legume  I'-IJ7. — On 
the  plains.  Hall  &  Harbour,  138.  Denver  and  Colorado  Spriiigs,~Porte?\ 

ASTRAGALUS  FRIGIDUS,  Gr.  Rev.  L  <%  p.  219.  Subglabrous,  erect, 
l°-2°  high;  stipules  ovate-oblong,  membranous,  hairy;  leaflets  7-9 
pairs,  ovate-oblong  or  elliptic-oblong,  green  ;  peduncles  equaling  the 
leaves;  calyx- teeth  short;  corolla  white;  pod  oblong,  acute  at  each  end, 
black-hairy  or  glabrous,  1-celled,  the  stipe  equaling  or  exceeding  the 
calyx. — aSubalpiue,  in  wet  pine  woods."  Hall  d°  Harbour,  137. 

ASTRAGALUS  LONCHOCARPUS,  T.  &  G.     Gr.  Rev.  1.  e.,  p.  219.     (Phaca 


28          SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLOKA  OF  COLORADO. 

macrocarpa,  Gr.  PI.  Fendl.,  p.  36.)  Ashy-puberulent,  glabrate,  perennial; 
stem  fistulous,  sulcate,  branched,  2°  long;  stipules  distinct,  small; 
leaflets  1-5,  linear  or  filiform-linear,  remote,  the  leaf  sometimes  reduced 
to  the  flattened  filiform  rachis;  racemes  loosely  many-flowered,  on 
long,  strict,  stontish  peduncles;  bracts  one-half  shorter  than  the  pedi- 
cels;  flowers  white,  pendent ;  calyx-teeth  broad-subulate,  much  shorter 
than  the  tube;  pod  membranous,  lanceolate-cylindrical,  straight,  I'-IJ' 
long,  very  sharply  acuminate  at  each  end,  exsertly  stipitate,  glabrous, 
neither  suture  intruded. — Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

ASTRAGALUS  LEPTALEUS,  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  220.  Nearly  glabrous, 
stem  slender,  ascending,  a  span  high;  stipules  long-subulate,  sub  con- 
nate at  base;  leaflets  7-11  pairs,  lance-linear  or  oblong,  often  acute; 
peduncles  2-4  flowered,  shorter  than  the  leaves;  calyx  with  short, 
black  hairs,  the  campanulate  tube  slightly  exceeding  the  subulate  teeth, 
about  equaling  the  pedicel  and  subulate  bract;  corolla  4"  long,  white, 
the  emargiuate  banner  a  third  longer  than  the  violet-tipped  keel ;  pod 
ovate  or  oval,  4"  long,  puberulent,  chartaceous. — Hall  ct*  Harbour,  141 ; 
Brandegee.  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

ASTRAGALUS  BISULCATUS,  Gr.  Rev.  I.  c.,  p.  221.  Perennial,  strig- 
ulose-puberulent ;  stein  erect,  over  1°  high,  stout ;  stipules  distinct,  free; 
leaflets  oblong,  often  narrow,  the  lowest  near  the  stem ;  flowers  violet, 
in  dense,  spike-like  racemes,  middle  sized,  pendent  or  spreading,  keel 
nearly  straight ;  calyx-teeth  setaceous,  scarcely  shorter  than  the  cam- 
panulate tube ;  pod  coriaceous,  £'  long,  shortly  exsert-stipitate,  straight, 
oblong,  semi-cylindric,  the  deeply  concave  ventral  surface- divided  by 
the  salient,  obtuse  suture. — Hall  &  Harbour,  130.  Platte  River,  Coulter. 

ASTRAGALUS  PECTINATUS,  Dougl.  Gr.Rev.  I  c.,  p. 221.  Perennial,  1° 
high;  stem  and  leaves  rather  rigid,  ashy-puberulent,  glabrate;  branches 
striate,  angled;  leaflets  4-10  pairs,  nearly  filiform,  not  jointed  to  the 
rachis,  persistent ;  lower  stipules  connate ;  flowers  nearly  I7  long,  white, 
many,  in  a  rather  short  raceme;  keel  nearly  straight,  banner  elongated; 
pod  thick,  cartilaginous,  subovate  or  oblong,  turgid,  sessile  or  short- ped- 
iceled,  neither  suture  intruded,  but  both  thick  and  prominent,  6"  long, 
pendulous,  glabrous,  cuspidate. — Hall  &  Harbour.  134;  Canby ;  Dr. 
Bell. 

ASTRAGALUS  FENDLERI,  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  224.  Perennial,  glab- 
rous, or  appressed-puberuleut,  erect,  over  1°  high ;  leaflets  oblong  or 
linear-oblong;  racemes  long-peduncled,  loosely  flowered ;  flowers  pur- 
ple ;  pod  oval,  inflated,  chartaceous-coriaceous,  about  I'  long,  straight, 
pointed,  minutely  puberulent,  very  shortly  stipitate. — In  New  Mexico 
and  Colorado  according  to  Gray's  Revision,  but  not  seen  by  us. 

ASTRAGALUS  HALLII,  Gr.  Rev.  l.  c.,  p.  224.  Subcinereous-pub- 
escent,  glabrate;  stems  rather  stout,  ascending;  stipules  subulate ;  leaf- 
lets 9-12  pairs,  narrow,  oblong,  4//-7//  long,  subcuneate,  retuse;  pedun- 
cles exceeding  the  leaves;  flowers  violet,  20  or  more  in  a  dense  head- 
like  raceme;  calyx  dark- pubescent,  broad-campanulate,  very  gibbous 
at  base,  3"  long,  the  rather  obtuse,  broad  teeth,  3-4  times  shorter  than 
the  tube ;  pod  oblong,  inflated,  1"-W  long,  glabrous,  straight,  pointed, 
chartaceous-coriaceous ;  stipe,  1"  long.— Hall  &  Harbour,  121 ;  Canby. 
Twin  Lakes,  Coulter.  South  Park,  Porter. 

ASTRAGALUS  FLEXUOSUS,  Dougl.  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  224.  Ashy-pube- 
rulent; stems  ascending,  1°  high,  flexuose;  leaflets  oblong  or  cuneate- 
linear,  obtuse  or  retuse;  peduncles  exceeding  the  leaves;  racemes 
mostly  elongated,  loose ;  flowers  4"  long,  white  or  purplish  ;  calyx  hoary. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  29 

pubescent,  teeth  3  times  shorter  than  the  tube ;  pod  cylindric,  8"-ll" 
long,  2"  broad,  puberulent,  thinly  coriaceous,  straight  or  sub-incurved ; 
stipe  very  short  but  evident. — Common  at  middle  elevations.  Hall  & 
Harbour  j  11^ -j  Dr.  Smith;  Canby  ;  Porter;  B.  H.  Smith  :  Brandegee ; 
Median;  Coulter. 

ASTRAGALUS  MULTIFLORUS,  Gr.  Rev.  I.  c.,  p.  226.  (A.  nigrescens, 
Gr.)  Perennial, somewhat  glabrous;  stems  1° high, numerous, ascending, 
branched;  stipules  dark-colored,  the  lower  ones  at  least  sheathing  ^ 
leaflets  6-10  pairs,  3"-6"  long,  linear  or  narrowly  oblong,  acute  or  ob- 
tuse; peduncles  not  exceeding  the  leaves,  loosely  few-flowered ;  flow- 
ers ochroleucous,  tinged  with  purple,  small,  2//-3//  long,  the  campanu- 
late  calyx-tube  rather  longer  than  the  setaceous  teeth,  and  about  equa- 
ling the  stipe ;  pod  vetch-shaped,  flattened  or  compressed,  straight,  mar- 
gined by  the  nerve-like  sutures,  4//-6//  long,  reflexed,  1-celled,  2-4-seeded. 
— Hall  &  Harbour,  115.  South  Park,  Porter.  Sierra  Madre  Bange, 
Coulter. 

ASTRAGALUS  CAMPESTRIS,  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  229.  Perennial,  mi- 
nutely pubescent  or  glabrate;  stems  3'-15'  high,  numerous,  ascend- 
ing, slender,  simple ;  stipules,  at  least  the  lower  ones,  membranous  and 
sheathing,  large,  acuminate;  leaflets  5-9  pairs,  3"-15"  long,  linear, 
linear-lanceolate  or  oblong,  usually  acute  ;  peduncles  slender,  exceeding 
the  leaves,  5-10-flowered,  flowers  sub  capitate  or  scattered,  4"  long, 
ochroleucous,  tinged  with  purple,  the  keel  with  a  purple,  long  and  nar- 
row inflexed  tip;  pod  6//-12//  long,  chartaceous,  not  stipitate,  sub- 
puberulent,  subco in  pressed,  oblong-linear,  nearly  straight,  valves  sub- 
turgid,  the  pedicels  at  length  reflexed,  1-celled,  10-15-ovuled. — Meehan. 
Ute  Pass,  and  on  the  Upper  Arkansas,  Porter.  Mount  Lincoln,  Coulter, 

ASTRAGALUS  DECU^IBEXS,  Gr.  Rev.  I.  c.,  p.  229.  (Homalobus  de- 
eumbens,  Xutt .) — Cinereous  or  silky-pubescent ;  stems  diffuse  or  ascend- 
ing, 6'-10'  high;  petioles  sometimes  somewhat  flattened,  mostly  with 
7-13  linear-lanceolate,  acute  leaflets ;  racemes  5-10-flowered;  calyx-teeth 
attenuate,  a  little  shorter  than  the  tube ;  corolla  4"-4J"  long,  ochro- 
leucous or  purplish;  keel  with  a  short,  inflexed  tip;  pod  broad-linear, 
straight  or  falcate,  about  V  long,  hoary-puberulent. — Hall  d*  Harbour, 
142.  Idaho  Springs,  Redfield. 

ASTRAGALUS  DIVERSIFOLIUS,  Gr.  Rev.  I.  c.,  p.  230.  Ashy-strig- 
ulose;  stems  diffuse,  decumbent,  elongated,  about  1°  high;  petioles 
short,  flattened,  1-5  foliolate ;  terminal  leaflet  or  simple  leaf  linear, 
elongated,  l'-2',  attenuated  at  each  end;  peduncle  1-5-flowered;  calyx- 
teeth  half  shorter  than  the  tube ;  corolla  ochroleucous  or  lurid,  keel 
falcate-incurved ;  legume  oblong-linear,  straight  or  subfalcate,  f  long, 
canescent-puberuleut. — "  Gravelly  plains  of  Colorado  on  both  sides  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains,'7  Gratfs  Revision. 

ASTRAGALUS  JUNCEUS,  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  230.  Perennial,  minutely 
pubescent  or  subglabrous ;  stems  usually  solitary,  erect,  paniculately- 
branched,  slender ;  stipules  small ;  petioles  slender,  sometimes  6'  long, 
usually  naked  or  with  1-5  pairs  of  linear  leaflets;  peduncles  longer  than 
the  leaves,  3-7-flowered;  flowers  4"  long,  distant,  ochroleucous  or  tinged 
with  violet;  calyx- teeth  usually  small  and  obtuse,  shorter  than  the  cam- 
paimlate  tube;  pod  I'-IJ'  long,  as  in  the  last  species,  with  which  it  is 
probably  identical. — uOn  the  head- waters  of  the  Colorado  of  the  West," 
Parry. 

ASTRAGALUS  SIMPLICIFOLIUS,  Gr.  Rev.  I.  c.,  p.  231.  (Pliaca  sim- 
plicifolia,  Xutt.)  Perennial,  c^spitose,  in  dense,  cushioned  mats  ;  leaves 
±"-5"  long,  hoary  with  an  appresse  1  silky  pubescence,  simple,  linear  or 


30  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

spatulate-lanceolate,  acute,  frequently  involute,  crowding  the  extremities 
of  the  usually  short  (£')  branches  ;  scapes  scarcely  exceeding  the  leaves, 
2-3-flowered;  flowers"  3"  long,  purple,  the  banner  and  the  wings  longer 
than  the  strongly  arphed  keel ;  calyx- teeth  nearly  equaling  the  obconical 
tube ;  legume  4"  long,  half  included  in  the  calyx,  oblong,  acute,  sub- 
compressed,  glabrous,  thick  and  coriaceous,  1-celled,  the  ventral  suture 
straight  and  very  acute,  the  dorsal  gibbous,  about  12-ovuled. — "Found 
by  Nuttall  near  the  sources  of  the  Platte." 

ASTRAGALUS  KENTROPHYTA,  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  231.  Perennial, 
intricately  branched  from  a  long  root,  broadly-depressed-crespitose, 
hoary  with  a  short,  silky  pubescence ;  stems  2'-4'  long ;  stipules  mem- 
branous, mostly  connate,  often  setaceously  or  spinosely  acuminate ;  leaf- 
lets 2-3  pairs,  2//-4//  long,  linear- subulate,  usually  rigid  and  divaricate, 
pungent,  not  jointed  with  the  rachis ;  flowers  1-3,  on  short  pedicels  in  the 
axils  of  the  leaves,  2"  long,  ochroleucous  or  tinged  with  violet ;  calyx-teeth 
setaceous,  equaling  the  cainpanulate  tube;  pods  2//-3"  long,  sub-charta- 
ceous,  compressed,  sessile,  pubescent,  ovate,  acuminate,  somewhat  in- 
curved, 1-celled,  3-4-ovuled,  1-2-seeded,  the  valves  separating  at  matur- 
ity.— Hall  &  Harbour,  10G;  .Cariby;  B.  H.  Smith.  South  Park,  Porter  ; 
Brandegee. 

ASTRAGALUS  TRIDACTYLICUS,  Gr.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  v.  6,  p.  527.  Pe- 
rennial, ca3spitose  from  a  short  woody  caudex,  dwarf,  2/-3/  high,  silvery- 
silky  ;  leaves  pinnately  3- foliate,  long-petioled,  exceeding  the  sessile, 
crowded  flowers ;  leaflets  oblanceolate,  G"  long,  acute  ;  flowers  5"  long, 
pale  purple ;  calyx-teeth  equaling  the  tube ;  pod  globose,  ovoid,  3"-4" 
long,  very  turgid,  puberulent,  12-ovuled,  3-4-seeded  ;  calyx  deciduous, 
exposing  the  pod. — St.  Train  Canon,  May  26,  Coulter. 

ASTRAGALUS  SERICOLEUCUS,  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  232.  Very  broadly 
caespitose,  silky-hoary ;  stems  branched,  prostrate ;  branches  covered 
with  the  villous  stipules;  leaves  all  3-foliolate,  not  equaling  the  2-G-flow- 
ered,  filiform  peduncles ;  leaflets  3"  long,  oblanceolate  or  ctineate-obloiig ; 
calyx-teeth  about  equaling  the  cainpanulate  tube;  corolla  purple,  3"-4" 
long;  pod  ovate-oblong,  3"  long,  hoary,  half  included  in  the  calyx. 
—Sand-hills  along  the  Platte,  Hall  &  Harbour,  145. 

OXYTROPIS  MULTICEPS,  Nutt.  Canescently-silky,  I'-S'-high ;  stems 
matted  crespitose,  from  a  branching  caudex ;  leaflets  3-4  pairs,  oval,  3" 
long;  flowers  purple,  6"  long;  fruiting  calyx  inflated,  globose,  including 
the  ovate,  chartaceous-membranous  pod;  pod  short-stipitate,  sometimes 
half  2-celled  by  the  intrusion  of  the  ventral  suture. — "  Subalpine  and 
lower."  Hall  &  Harbour,  144;  Parry,  191.  Boulder  Canon,  Coulter. 

OXYTROPIS  URALENSIS,  L.,  var.  PUMILA,  Ledeb.  Acaulescent,  silky- 
villous;  leaflets  4-5  pairs,  conjugate,  3"  long,  oblong-linear,  re  volute; 
stipules  long-adnate;  scapes  l'-2'  long,  2-5-flowered;  flowers  violet- 
blue;  pod  oval-oblong  or  long-oblong,  ventral  septum  extending  to  the 
dorsal  suture. — High  alpine.  (0.  arctica,  R.  Br.,)  Hall  &  Harbour,  143. 
Mount  Lincoln  at  14,000  feet  elevation,  Coulter. 

OXYTROPIS  CAMPESTRIS,  L. — Parry. 

OXYTROPIS  LAMBERTI,  Pursh. — Very  abundant  on  the  plains  and  in 
the  mountains.  Hall  &  Harbour,  140;  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith;  Ccuiby  ; 
Meelian  ;  Porter  ;  Brandegee  ;  Coulter. 

OXYTROPIS  NANA,  Kutt.  Gr.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  G,  p.  23G.  Ciespitose, 
much  divided,  silky-canescent  with  a  very  close,  appressed  jjubescence ; 
leaves  very  crowded;  leaflets  3-4  pairs, obovate,  3" long;  scapes  2/-3/ 
high,  scarcely  exceeding  the  leaves,  3-12-flowered ;  flowers  capitate, 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLOKALO.          31 

rather  large,  bine  ;  pod  oblong,  somewhat  falcate,  hairy,  the  ventral  sep- 
tum extending  to  the  dorsal  suture,  6-8-seeded.  —  Northern  Colorado, 
on  the  authority  of  Xuttall.  The  characters  of  the  fruit  are  drawn  from 
specimens  collected  by  Mr.  Coulter  in  1872  on  Henry's  Fork  of  Snake 
Eiver. 

OXYTKOPIS  SPLEXDENS,  Dougl.  Acaulescent,  silvery,  silky-villons 
throughout,  C/-12/  high;  leaflets  somewhat  verticillate,  3-6  together, 
very  numerous,  lanceolate,  very  acute,  usually  5"-10"  long;  flowers 
in  an  oblong  spike,  erect,  spreading,  usually  deep  blue;  peduncles  ex- 
ceeding the  leaves;  flowers  not  much  surpassing  the  calyx;  pod  ovate, 
erect.  —  Hall  '  d'  Harbour,  135;  Parry;  Canby  ;  Porter;  Brandegee.  St. 
Train  Canon  and  South  Park,  Coulter. 

OXYTROPIS  DEFLEXA,  DC.  Caulescent  or  subacaulescent  ;  more  or 
less  silky-  villous;  stems  ascending,  6'-9'  long,  leaflets  ovate-lanceo- 
late, 14-17  pairs;  peduncles  very  much  elongated,  scape-like;  upper 
stipules,  at  least,  aduate  at  the  base,  large,  lanceolate,  acuminate  ;  flowers 
bright  blue,  about  4"  long,  rather  small,  with  a  short  calyx-tube,  spread- 
ing, spicate  or  capitate;  pods  oblong,  straight,  pointed,  6"-9"  long,  pu- 
bescent, usually  reflexed.  —  Middle  elevations.  Rail  &  Harbour,  120; 
Parry,  433;  Canby;  Meehan.  South  Park,  Porter;  Brandegee.  Twin 
Lakes  and  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

Var.  (?)  Villous  with  spreading  hairs,  dwarf,  acaulescent;  leaves,  in- 
cluding the  petiole,  !£';  leaflets  in  about  11  pairs,  ovate,  2//-3//  long; 
peduncles  2'  long;  flowers  6-8,  capitate;  fruit  not  seen.  —  Horse  Shoe 
Mountains,  at  11,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

SOPHORA1  SERICEA,  Pursh.  Herbaceous,  low,  6'-12'  high,  more  or 
less  silky-canescent;  stems  ascending  or  decumbent,  branching  from  the 
base  ;  leaflets  about  21,  elliptic  or  cuneate-oval,  2//-3//  long  ;  racemes 
terminal,  short,  at  first  scarce  exserted  beyond  the  leaves,  short,  l£'-2' 
long,  peduncled;  calyx  gibbous  at  base,  longer  than  the  pedicels,  cam- 
panulate,  5-toothed,  teeth  obtuse  half  the  length  of  the  tube;  corolla 
4"  long,  banner  reflexed,  petals  of  the  keel  nearly  distinct,  acuminate, 
inucrouate.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  146;  Dr.  Smith.  Abundant  on  the  plains 
around  Denver,  Porter.  Ute  Pass  and  Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 
Lower  branches  elongated  and  far  exceeding  the  fruiting  racemes. 
Colorado  Springs,  Redjiehl. 

GLYCYRRHIZA  LEPIDOTA,  Xutt.  —  Hall  d;  Harbour,  147  ;  B.  H.  Smith; 
Porter.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

HEDYSAKU3I  MACKENZii,  Richards.  Stems  2°  high,  sub-erect,  mi- 
nutely pubescent,  simple  or  branched  ;  stipules,  at  least  the  lower  ones, 
connate  ;  leaflets  5-8  (usually  5)  pairs,  caneseently  pubescent,  oblong 
or  lanceolate,  nearly  glabrous  above;  racemes  loosely  7-30-flowered, 
elongating  in  fruit;  flowers  large,  G"-9"  long,  light  purple,  keel  ex- 
ceeding the  banner  and  wings  ;  calyx-teeth  subulate,  about  the  length  of 
the  tube  ;  legume  2-4-jointed,  minutely  pubescent.  —  Canon.  City,  Bran- 
degee. Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 


Linn.  Calyx  broadly-campanulate,  obliquely  truncate  or  somewhat  5- 
toothed  at  the  summit,  often  somewhat  turbinate  or  obconic  at  the  hast-.  Vexillimi 
obovate  or  roundish,  about  the  length  of  the  other  petals  ;  keel  obtuse,  nearly  straight, 
the  petals  somewhat  united  below  the  apex.  Ovary  nearly  sessile,  linear:  ovules 
numerous  ;  style  nearly  straight  or  incurved  ;  stigma  minute.  Legume  moniliform, 
indehiscent,  (dry  or  fleshy,)  not  winged.  Radicle  usually  indexed  or  incurved. 
—  Trees.  shrubs,  or  sometimes  herbaceous  plants,  withunequallypinnate  leaves.  Stipules 
subulate  or  none.  Racemes  axillary  or  terminal,  sometimes  paniculate.  Bracts  sub- 
ulate, minute,  often  caducous.  T.  tjr  G.  FL  X.  Am. 


32          SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

YICIA  AMERICANA,  Muhl.— Common  along  nioun  tain  streams.    Porter; 
Coulter. 

VICIA  TRUNCATA,  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  Am.  1,  p.  270.  Somewhat 
pubescent.  Stem  l°-2°  high ;  leaflets  5-6  pairs,  oblong-linear,  usually 
truncate-serrate  or  tridentate  at  the  apex,  apiculate,  about  I7  long,  l"-2" 
wide ;  stipules  lunate,  incisely-serrate  ;  peduncles  4-7-flowered,  rather 
shorter  than  the  leaves ;  lower  teeth  of  the  calyx  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
upper  ones  very  short ;  style  villous  at  the  apex  ;  legume  1'  or  more  long. 
Our  plant  varies  from  NuttalPs  description  only  in  the  shorter  and  broader 
leaflets ;  flowers  9"  long.— Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

VICIA  MICRANTHA,  Nutt.  Glabrous,  stam  2°-3°  long,  strongly 
angled,  climbing;  leaflets  6-12,  6"-9"  long,  2"  wide,  oblong-elliptical, 
obovate  or  linear-oblong,  obtuse  or  emargiuate,  mucronate ;  stipules  sub- 
ulate and  simple  or  semi-sagittate,  small ;  peduncle  about  2-flowered,  at 
iirst  much  shorter  than  the  leaves:  flowers  small,  rarely  solitary,  paler 
blue  at  the  tip;  calyx  hairy,  teeth  subulate,  shorter  than  the  tube; 
legume  f  long,  3"  wide,  saber-shaped,  glabrous,  5-6-seeded ;  seeds  com- 
pressed, dark  brown. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Golden  City,  Greene. 

LATHYRUS  ORNATUS,  Nutt.  Erect,  glabrous,  often  glaucous ;  stem, 
6'-l°  high,  sometimes  branched,  quadrangular ;  leaflets  3-4  pairs, 
lanceolate-linear,  acute,  mucronate,  rigid  and  strongly  veined,  tendrils 
scarcely  any ;  stipules  linear-lanceolate  and  slender,  semi-sagittate,  en- 
tire ;  peduncles  about  4-flowered,  longer  than  the  leaves  ;  flowers  large, 
purple,  V  long,  very  showy  •  calyx- teeth  subulate,  slightly  unequal, 
rather  shorter  than  the  tube  ;  pod  smooth,  flat,  acuminate  at  each  end* 
— Hall  &  Harbour,  109.  On  the  plains. 

LATHYRUS  LINEARIS,  Nutt.  Nearly  glabrous,  low ;  stem  decumbent,, 
slender,  angled;  leaves  nearly  sessile;  leaflets  5-6  pairs,  narrowly- 
linear,  8"— 12"  long,  y'—\."  wide,  mostly  obtuse,  apiculate,  rigid .;  tendril 
short,  simple  or  bifid ;  stipules  small,  lanceolate,  semi-sagittate,  laciniate 
with  2-5  very  sharp,  slender  teeth  ;  peduncles  3-4-flowered,  shorter  than 
the  leaves ;  flowers  rather  large,  pale-purple ;  segments  of  the  calyx 
triangular,  shorter  than  the  tubes ;  legume  attenuate  at  each  end. — Hall 
&  Harbour ,  110.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

LATHYRUS  POLYMORPHUS,  Kutt.  Mostly  glabrous;  stem  erect,  a 
little  woody  at  the  base,  much  branched,  a  little  quadrangular,  about  1° 
high;  leaflets  2-5  pairs,  elliptical-lanceolate,  somewhat  glaucous,  rigid, 
strongly  veined,  petioles  terminated  by  a  small  bristle ;  stipules  lanceolate, 
subfalcate,  semi-sagittate  at  base  ;  peduncles  3-5-flowered,  rather  shorter 
than  the  leaves ;  flowers  large,  purple  ;  segments  of  the  calyx  broadly 
or  narrowly  subulate,  somewhat  unequal,  shorter  than  the  tube;  legume 
large,  glabrous. — Hall  &  Harbour,  111.  Sierra  Madre  Eange,  Coulter. 

LATHYRUS  PUBESCENS,  Nutt.  (?)  (L.  venosus,  Muhl.,  var.  d.f  Torr. 
&  Gr.  Fl.N.Am.Z,  p.  174. — "  Smaller,  finely  pubescent ;  leaflets 3-5  pairs, 
ovate-elliptical,  smaller;  stipules  linear-lanceolate ;  peduncles  5-7-tiow- 
ered.") — A.  Lathy r us  collected  by  Mr.  Brandegee,  on  Newlan  Creek,  S. 
Colorado,  June  13,  1873,  accords  in  the  main  with  the  variety  or  species 
described  above.  Its  characters  are:  Erect,  l°-2°  high,  softly  and 
finely  pubescent  throughout;  leaflets  3-5  pairs,  ovate,  mucronate, 
strongly  veined;  tendrils  simple  or  bifid;  stipules  semi-sagittate,  much 
smaller  than  the  leaflets;  peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves,  and  bear- 
ing 2  rather  small,  white  flowers.  Legumes  not  seen. 

LATHYRUS  PALUSTRIS,  L.  Gratfs  Manual,  p,  139.— Hall  &  Harbour, 
112.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  33 

HOFFM  ANSEGGiA1  JAMES!!,  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  Am.}  p.  393.  Canescently- 
pubescent ;.  low,  much  branched  from  a  shrubby  base;  stipul  s  .subu- 
late, entire;  pinnae  5,  abruptly  10-16  foliolate;  leaflets  oval,  obtuse  at 
both  ends,  nearly  glabrous  above ;  racemes  elongated,  opposite  the 
leaves  ;  flowers  nodding  or  reflexed,  rather  large ;  calyx  a  little  oblique, 
the  four  upper  segments  lanceolate,  acute,  all  meuibranaceous,  at  length 
deciduous  from  the  persistent  base  ;  petals  not  glandular  at  the  base, 
the  upper  one  smallest,  marked  with  reddish  spots;  filaments  declined, 
hairy  below,  all  fertile  ;  style  subulate,  dilated  above  and  somewhat 
gibbous  at  the  apex;  legumes  about  1'  long,  broadly  oblong,  more  or 
less  lunate,  scabrous,  flat,  2-3  seeded,  sprinkled,  as  well  as  the  leaves, 
calyx,  and  petals,  with  sessile  black  glands. — On  the  plains  of  Eastern 
Colorado,  Dr.  Bell, 

HOFFMANSEGGIA    DREPANQCARPA,    Gr.      PI.    Wright,  1,    p.   58.      Mi- 

iiutely  cinereous-puberuleut,  wholly  destitute  of  glands ;  stems  nu- 
merous, l'-8'  high,  springing  from  a  thick,  ligneous  root  6'- 8'  deep; 
stipules  and  bracts  ovate-acute,  caducous1;  pinnae  3-5  pairs,  besides 
the  terminal  one ;  leaflets  7-10  pairs,  about  3"  long,  crowded,  subfal- 
cate,  nerveless ;  racemes  loose-flowered,  elongated,  on  long,  slender, 
axillary  peduncles;  calyx  3"  long,  persistent,  its  divisions  oblong-lan- 
ceolate, obtuse  or  acutish  ;  petals  yellow,  a  little  longer  than  tbe  calyx, 
broadly  obovate,  very  obtuse,  nearly  alike,  without  claws,  naked  and 
glabrous  ;  filaments  equal,  antlieriferous,  villous-barbate  below  the 
middle  ;  ovary  smooth ;  pod  broad-linear  or  oblong,  very  obtuse  at  each 
end,  strongly  falcate,  flat,  li'-U'  long,  following  the  strong  curvature, 
3"-of/  wide,  of  exactly  the  same  width  throughout,  glabrous  or  minutely 
puberulent  under  a  lens,  9-10-seeded ;  valves  chartaceous,  finely  reticu- 
lated, transversely  impressed  between  theseeds. — Canon  City.  Brandeyee. 

CASSIA  CILUI.ECRISTA,  L. — Xear  Denver,  Porter. 

SCHRASKIA  USCIXATA,  Willd.— On  the  plains,  Porter. 

ROSACE/E. 

PRUNUS  AMERICANA,  Marsh. — Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

PRUXUS  CHICASA,  MX.  ? — Canon  City,  Brandegee . 

PRUNUS  PEXXSYLVAXICA,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  148  :  Porter. 

PRUNUS  YIRGIXIAXA,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour  ;  Brandegee  ;  B.  H.  Smith. 
South  Park  and  Mountain  of  the  Holy  Cross,  Coulter. 

SPIRJEA  OPULIFOLIA,  L. — Meehan.    Platte  River,  Coulter. 

Var.  PARYIFOLIA,  Gr.  Much  smaller  in  all  its  parts. — Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 150;  Brandegee. 

SPIR^A  DUUOSA,  Xutt.  (S.  arucfolia,  Smith,  var.  discolor,  T.  &  G.)  A 
branching  shrub,  2° -5°  high;  leaves  broadly  ovate,  cuneate  and 
petioled,  obtuse,  sublobate  and  dentate,  scarcely  mucronate,  paler  and 
sericeous  beneath,  smoother  or  nearly  glabrous  above,  6"-ll!"  long : 
flowers  numerous,  in  more  or  less  branched  terminal  panicles;  branches 

1  HOFFMAXSKGGIA,    Ciiv.     Sepals  5,  united  into  a   short,  obcouic  base,    somewhat 
equal.     Petals  5,  obovate,  on  short  claws,  somewhat  unequal,  spreading,  the  upper  one 
concave,  one  or  more  of  them  often  glandular  at  base.     Stamens  10  ;  filaments  i: 
hairy  or  glandular,  and  thickened  or  dilated  towards  the  base,  nearly  equal  :  antlu-i's 
oval,  nearly  uniform.      Style  as  long  as  tin-  stamens,  somewhat  thickened  towards  ihe 
apex.     Legume  oblong  or  linear,  often  falcate,  compressed,  dry,  ->-valved.  ^-10-serdt.-<l. 
— Low,  perennial  herbs, or  suffrutesceut  plants,  often  dotted  with  blaek  glands.    1 .. 
abruptly  or  unequally  bipiimate.    Racemes  opposite  the  leaves ;  flowers  yellow.    Glands 
either  sessile  or  pedicellate.     T.  f  G.  FL  X.  Am. 

3  F  C 


34  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

and  calyx  tomentose-pubescent ;  calyx-segments  ovate,  spreading;  car- 
pels hirsute. — Abundant  in  mountain  ravines  at  middle  elevations. 
Hall  &  Harbour,  149 ;  Parry;  Canby ;  B.  H.  Smith  ;  Meehan.  Ute  Pass, 
Coulter. 

EUBUS  NUTKANUS,  Mo§. — Bare,  Parry.    Near  Long's  Peak,  Coulter. 

EUBUS  DELICIOSUS,  Torr.  Ann.  N.  T.  Lye.,  2,  p.  196.  Shrub,  3°-4° 
high,  branched ;  branches,  young  leaves  and  calyx  tomeutose-pubes- 
cenfc  or  puberulent,  not  glandular;  leaves  reniforni-orbicuJar,  rugose, 
lJ'-2'  in  diameter,  more  or  less  3-5  lobed,  finely  serrate-toothed; 
stipules  lanceolate,  scarious,  persistent;  peduncle  1-7  flowered ;  flowers 
2'  in  diameter;  sepals  oval-oblong,  with  a  dilated  acurnination,  shorter 
than  the  oblong,  white  petals;  fruit  large,  smooth,  purplish,  flavor  not 
agreeable  to  the  human  palate,  but  prized  by  bears. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
103 ;  Parry,  210.  Chiann  Canon  and  Glen  Eyrie,  Porter.  Clear  Creek 
Canon,  Coulter. 

EUBUS  TRIFLORUS,  Eichards. — Hall  &  Harbour,  164.  Bear  Creek, 
Coulter. 

EUBUS  STRIGOSUS,  Michx. — Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Chiauu  Canon, 
Porter. 

PURSHIA1  TRIDENTATA,  DO. — Shrub,  2°-4Q  high;  stipules  minute; 
leaves  3' '-12"  long  ;  calyx-lobes  ovate,,  obtuse;  petals  obovate,  exceed- 
ing the  calyx, 3"-5"  long;  fruit  67/  long,  tardily  dehiscent, 2-valved. — Rare. 
Parry;  Meehan.  Mountain  of  the  Holy  Cross,  Coulter. 

CERCOCARPUS2  PARVIFOLIUS,  Nutt.  Shrub  2°-10Q  high,  branching 
from  the  ground;  leaves  6"-8"  long,,  cuneiform-obovate,  silky-pubes- 
cent or  nearly  glabrous  above,  toineutose-canescent  beneath,  serrately- 
toothed  towards  the  apex,  strongly  nerved ;  flowers  solitary  or  2-4 
together  on  slender  pedicels  ;  calyx-Jube  becoming  y  in  length  ;  tail  ot 
the  fruit  4"  long,  densely  plumose. — Hall  &  Harbour,  165  ;  Dr.  Smith  ; 
B.  H.  Smith*  At  the  base  of  the  foot-hills  and  extending  into  the  mount- 
ains, Porter. 

AGRIMONIA  EUPATORIA,  L. — Colorado  Springs,  Eed field. 

DRYAS  OOTOPETALA,  L.  Low,  suffruteseeut ;  leaves  oblong-ovate, 
coarsely  crenate-toothed,  obtuse  at  each  end,  clothed  with  a  white  to- 
rn entum,  beneath,  the  veins  prominent,  the  margins  revolute;  stipules 
aduate  to  the  petiole;  peduncles  terminal,  1-flowered ;  sepals  linear; 
flowers  white  or  yellowish.  Alpine. — Hall  &  Harbour,  153  ;  Hoopes. 

1  PURSHIA,  DO.  Calyx  persistent,  tubular-  infundibuliform,  imbricately  5 -lobed. 
Petals  white,  unguiculate.  Stamens  10-25,  in  one  series,  with  free  filiform  filaments 
and  large  anthers.  Carpels  1-2,  free  ;  style  short,  curved,  persistent,  stigmatose  at  the 
top  and  on  one  side  ;  ovule  solitary,  erect.  Fruit  coriaceous,  ovate-oblong,  pubescent, 
sessile,  exceeding  the  calyx.  Seed  with  a  membranous  double  testa,  the  two  coatings 
separated  from  one  another  by  a  layer  of  deep  purple,  intensely  bitter,  granular  matter ; 
cotyledons  flat,  obovate ;  radicle  short,  inferior. — A  diffusely-branched,  leafy  shrub, 
tomentose  and  somewhat  glandular-pubescent  upon  the  leaves,  calyx,  and  fruit ;  leaves 
small,  alternate  and  fascicled,  sub-cuneiform,  3-cleft,  the  lobes  short  linear  with  revo- 
lute margins,  canescent  beneath  ;  flowers  yellow,  subsessile,  solitary,  axillary  and  ter- 
minal. Watson  in  Cl.  King's  Hep.,  Vol.  V. 

-  CERCOCARPUS,  H.  B.  K.  Calyx-tube  persistent,  cylindrical,  long  and  pedicelliform, 
terete  ;  lobes  of  the  hemispheric  deciduous  limb  5,  small,  valvate.  Petals  none.  Sta- 
mens 15-25,  in  2-3  series,  seated  on  the  limb  of  the  calyx,,  with  short  free  incurved 
filaments,  and  anthers.ofteu  pubescent.  Ovary  solitary,  with  a  single  sub-erect  ovule  ; 
style  filiform,  villous..  Achenium  linear-oblong,  coriaceous,  included  in  the  calyx,  cau- 
date with  the  persistent  long  plumose  style  ;  seed  linear,  with  a  membranous  testa, 
elongated  cotyledons,  aaid  inferior  radicle. — Shrubs  or  trees,  with  alternate  simple 
leaves  and  axillary  or  terminal  flowers.  Benfh.  $•  Hook. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  35 

GEUM  MACROPHYLLUIM,  "Wilkl.  Gray's  Manual,  p.  152. — Western's 
Pass,  Coulter.  Twin  Lakes,  Porter. 

GEU3I  STRICTUM,  Ait.— Colorado  Springs,  Red  field. 

GEUM  RIVALE,  L. — Hall  <k  Harbour ;  Parry.  Mountains  west  of 
Denver,  Greene. 

GEUM  TRIFLORUM,  Pursh. — Hall  &  Harbour,  152 ;  B.  H.  Smith.  Twin 
Lakes  and  South  Park,  Porter.  Near  Long's  Peak,  Coulter. 

GEUM  liossii,  Serin  ge.  Scape  1-flowered,  3'-S'  high,  slightly  pu- 
bescent above,  somewhat  2-3-leaved  ;  radical  leaves  iuterraptedly-pin- 
nate,  rather  glabrous,  minutely  ciliate  ;  leaflets  ovate  or  cuneiform,  2-3- 
lobed,  incised  or  entire;  flowers  erect;  calyx-lobes  ovate,  spreading, 
shorter  than  the  roundish,  yellow  petals ;  carpels  in  a  sessile  head,  mi- 
nutely hirsute  ;  styles  persistent,  glabrous,  not  exserted  in  fruit.  Alpine. 
— Hall  d:  Harbour,  156.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  8m ith  ;  Canby.  James's  Peak 
and  the  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter;  Redfield. 

CHAM.ERHODOS  ]  ERECTA,  Buuge.  Pilose-pubescent,  glandular ;  stem 
slender,  ii'-l°  high,  paniculately  branched  above ;  radical  leaves  rosu- 
late,  ternately  or  biternately  many-cleft,  segments  very  narrow,  obtuse, 
the  upper  cauline  ones  3-5  cleft;  petals  white,  longer  than  the  calyx  ; 
ovaries  5-20. — Hall  &  Harbour ,  402;  Canby;  Porter.  South  Park, 
Coulter. 

FRAGARIA  VESCA,  L. — Coulter.    Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

FRAGARIA  VIRGIXIAXA,  Ehrh.,  var.  ILLINOIE:XSIS,  Gr. — Denver,  Coul- 
ter ;  Dr.  Smith. 

FALLUGIA  2  PARADOXA,  Torr.  Emory  Rep.,  t.  2.  (Sierersia  paradoxa, 
Don.)  Shrub  l°-2°  high,  very  much  branched,  with  a  white  and  shining 
bark  :  branchlets  minutely  pilose  ;  leaves  alternate,  cuueate  or  obovate 
in  outline,  hirsute,  3-5  parted  at  the  summit,  6"  long,  divisions  linear, 
obtuse;  flowers  terminal  on  the  more  or  less  elongated  branchlets,  sub- 
corymbose;  corolla  about  9//-12//  in  diameter,  white;  achenia  numer- 
ous, hairy,  with  long,  finely  plumose  tails  ¥-3'  long. — Canon  City,  Bran- 
degee. Webster  Canon,  Redfield.  Pueblo  County,  Greene. 

SIBBALDIA  PROOU3IBENS,  L.  (Potent ilia  procumbens,  Clairv.)  Gratfs 
Manual,  p.  153. — Hall  &  Harbour,  151.  Saugre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegte. 
Sierra  Madre  Range  at  11,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

POTENTILLA  ARGUTA,  Pursh.  Watson's  Revision,  Proc.  Am.  Acad. 
t\8,  p.  551.  Gray^s  Manual,  p.  154. — Porter;  Brandcyee.  Plains  of  the 
Platte,  Coulter.  A  lower  and  more  slender  form,  G/-12/  high,  smaller  in 

1  CHAM.ERHODOS,  Bunge.  Calyx  campanulate,  deeply  5-cleft,  ebracteolate  ;  the  base 
lined  with  a  membranous  disk,  which  i.s  very  densely  bearded  at  the  margin.  Petals 
5,  obovate.  Stamens  5,  opposite  the  petals  :  and  inserted  with  them  into  the  sinuses 
of  the  calyx  above  the  disk  ;  filaments  subulate,  short,  persistent.  Acheuia  5-1U  or 
more ;  styles  arising  near  the  base  of  the  ovaries,  subulate.  Receptacle  conical,  villous. 
St-cd  ascending,  nearly  orthotropous.  Eadicle  superior. — Small,  erect  and  branching 
glandular-pubescent  herbs  ;  perennial  or  biennial.  Leaves  many-cleft ;  the  segments 
linear.  Inrioreseiice  dichotoniously  cymose.  Petals  white  or  purplish.  T.  $-  G.  FL 
JV.  Am. 

-  FALLUGIA,  Endl.,  Gen.  PL  Calyx  with  a  very  short-turbinate  tube  and  spreading 
limb,  5-cleft,  very  minutely  5-bracteolate,  valvate  in  aestivation,  persistent.  Petals  5, 
inserted  on  the  calyx,  alternate  with  its  lobes  and  nearly  as  long,  obovate.  Stamens 
very  many,  inserted  with  the  petals ;  filaments  free  ;  anthers  2-celled,  longitudinally 
dehiscent.  Ovaries  very  many,  sessile  in  the  bottom  of  the  calyx,  free,  1-celled.  with 
a  single  ovule  ascending.  Styles  terminal,  continuous,  filiform ;  stigmas  papillose. 
Achenia  numerous,  included  in  the  tube  of  the  calyx,  aristate  with  the  very  long  ex- 
serted, bearded,  plumose  styles.  Seed  ascending  :  radicle  inferior. 


36          SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

all  its  parts,  with  11  leaflets  and  bright  yellow  flowers,  from  Ute  Pass, 
Porter.    Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith.    Saint  Vrain  Canon,  Coulter. 

POTENTILLA  GLANDULOSA,  Lincll.,  (P.  fissa,  Kutt.)  WaUorts  Rev.,  I. c., 
p.  552.  More  slender  and  branched  than  the  former,  l°-2°  high,  less 
pubescent;  leaflets  5-9,  V  long  or  less;  cyme  paiiicled  with  elongated 
branches  and  more  slender  pedicels;  flowers  often  smaller;  calyx  less 
tomentose;  bractlets  linear;  petals  yellow,  sometimes  white;  stamens 
20-25.— Colorado,  fide  Watson,  I  c. 

POTENTILLA  NoRVEGiCA,  L.  Watson's  Rev..  1.  c.,  p.  552.  Gray's  Man- 
ual, p.  154.— Denver,  Dr.  Smith;  B.  II.  Smith.'  Caiiou  City,  Brandcaee. 
Monument  Park,  Coulter. 

POTENTILLA  RIVALIS,  Nutt.  Watson's  Rev.,  I  c.,  p.  552.  More  slender 
than  the  former,  diffusely  branched  even  from  the  base;  pubescence 
softly  villous;  stipules  lanceolate  to  ovate;  leaves  pinnate  with  2  pairs 
of  closely  approximate  leaflets,  or  a  single  pair  and  the  terminal  leaflet 
3-parted  ;  the  upper  leaves  ternate;  leaflets  ovate  or  oblong-cuneate  or 
lanceolate,  I'-IJ7  long,  more  or  less  incised-serrate;  cymes  loose,  less 
leafy,  with  slender  pedicels;  bractlets  and  sepals  equal,  lJ"-3"  long; 
petals  minute;  stamens  10-20;  achenia  usually  smooth;  receptacle  short. 

Var.  MILLEGRANA,  Watson.  (P.  miUegrana,  Eng.)  .  Leaves  all  ter- 
nate; steins  erect  or  weak  and  ascending;  achenia  often  small  and  light- 
colored. — Colorado,  fide  Watson  in  King's  Report. 

POTENTILLA  PENNSYLVANIA,  L.,  var.  STRIGOSA,  Pursh.  Watson's 
Rer.,  I.  c.,  p.  554.  Low,  6'-15'  high ;  stems  erect,  leafy,  rather  stout ;  leaves 
mostly  tomentose  on  both  surfaces,  paler  beneath,  deeply  pectinate- 
divided  or  pimiatind,  segments  linear,  entire,  with  revolute  margins; 
stipules  laciniate.— Hall  &  Harbour,  162;  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 
Horse  Shoe  Mountain  near  Fairplay,  Coulter. 

POTENTILLA  HIPPIANA,  Lehm.  (P.  Pennsylvania,  L.,  var.  Hlppiana, 
T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  Am.)  Watson's  Rev.,  1.  c.,  p.  555.  Densely  white — tomentose 
and  silky  throughout;  the  upper  surface  of  the  leaves  a  little  darker; 
stems  ascending,  l0-!^0  high,  slender,  branching  above  into  a  diffuse 
•cyme;  stipules  usually  entire;  leaves  pinnate,  occasionally  digitate; 
leaflets  5-11,  cuneate-oblong,  l'-2'  long,  obtuse,  incisely-toothed,  at 
least  towards  the  apex,  margins  not  revolute;  pedicels  slender;  bract- 
lets  narrow;  petals  2.J"-3J"  long,  exceeding  the  calyx;  styles  filiform,  not 
glandular  at  base,  terminal;  carpels  10-30. — Hall  &  Harbour,  158.  Near 
Denver,  Dr.  Smith;  Canby.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee.  Ute  Pass  and  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

POTENTILLA  EFFUSA,  Dougl.  Watson's  Rev.,  I.  c.,  p.  555.  Canescently 
tomeutose  with  scattered  villous  hairs;  stems  ascending,  diffusely 
branched  above,  4/-12/  high ;  stipules  lanceolate,  entire  or  incised  ; 
leaflets  5-11,  interruptedly  pinnate,  the  alternate  ones  often  smaller, 
c-uneate-oblong,  coarsely  incised-serrate  or  dentate,  the  smaller  leaflets 
3-5  toothed  ;  pedicels  slender  ;  sepals  and  the  much  smaller  bractlets 
acuminate,  2//-3//  long,  equaling  or  exceeding  the  obcordate  petals ; 
carpels  10. — South  Park,  Porter. 

POTENTILLA  PLATTENSIS,  Nutt.  Watson's  Rev.,  I.  c.,  p.  556.  Clothed 
with  a  minute  appressed  pubescence;  stems  6'  high,  weak,  decumbent; 
radical  leaves  pinnately  7-13  foliolate,  cauline  3-5  foliolate:  leaflets 
cuneiform,  deeply  pinnatind-incised;  the  segments  3-7,  oblong  or 
linear;  stipules  large,  broadly  ovate  or  lanceolate,  entire,  panicle  few- 
flowered;  pedicels  slender,  elongated;  petals  obcordate,  '2" -3"  long, 
a  little  longer  than  the  acuminate  calyx-segments. — Common  in  wet 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.          37 

grounds.     Hall  &  Harbour   161.    South  Park,  Porter.   Wet  Mountain 
Yiil ley;  Brandegee. 

POTENTILLA  DISJECTA,  Pursh.  (P.  diver  sifolia,  Lehm.)  Watson's  Rev., 
L  <?.,  p.  556.  Low,  alpine,  more  or  less  silky- villous  with  somewhat  spread- 
ing hairs,  or  nearly  glabrous;  stems  decumbent  or  ascending,  3'-12' 
long;  stipules  ovate  or  oblong -lanceolate,  entire;  leaflets  5-7,  or 
rarely  but  3,  often  glaucous,  closely  pinnate,  or  as  frequently  digi- 
tate, the  upper  one  V  long  or  less,  cuneate- oblong,  iueisely  pinnatitid 
or  sen  ate,  the  lowest  often  but  trifid,  the  segments  acute  or  acutish,  and 
more  or  less  tufted  with  white  hairs;  flowers  few,  011  slender  pedicels,  in 
an  open  cyme;  calyx  more  or  less  villous  with  spreading  hairs,  the  bract- 
lets  short,  the  lanceolate  sepals  shorter  than  the  petals,  which  are  2"- 
4"  long,  obovate  and  retuse  or  obcordate;  receptacle  very  villous;  ^car- 
pels 10-20,  or  more. — Mountains  near  Denver,  and  Clear  Creek  Canon, 
Coulter.  Sangre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegee.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith. 

TAB.  GLAUCOPHYLLA,  Lehin.  Glaucous-green ;  leaves  digitate,  nearly 
glabrous  on  both  sides;  leaflets  silky  on  the  margin,  with  unequal  seg- 
ments.— Parry,  219;  Yasey. 

POTENTILLA  GTRACILIS,  Dougl.  Watson's  Rev.,  L  c.<  p.  557.  Villous  and 
more  or  less  tomentose;  stems  2°-3°  high;  stipules  ovate  or  lanceo- 
late, entire  or  subiucised;  leaflets  mostly  7,  sometimes  5,  very  rarely 
but  3,  euueate-oblong,  obtuse,  incisely  serrate  or  pinnatifid,  tomentose 
beneath,  green  above  and  subvillous  or  appressed-silky,  i'-2-J'  long; 
flowers  in  a  loose  subfastigiate  cyme,  the  pedicels  at  length  elongated 
and  slender;  calyx  with  the  narrow  bractlets  shorter  than  the  broad 
acute  or  lanceolate  sepals;  petals  broadly  obcordate,  3"-±"  long,  a 
little  exceeding  the  calyx;  carpels  very  numerous,  (40  or  more.) — Gray's 
Peak,  Dr.  Smith. 

VAR.  RIGIDA,  Watson.  (P.  rigida,  JSTutt.,  not  Wall.  P.  Xuttallii,  Lehm.) 
A  mostly  stout  and  tall  form,  villous*  but  without  tomeutum ;  the  cyme 
loose  or  crowded;  the  leaves  often  large,  3'-4'  long  or  more,  and  prom- 
inently veined  beneath. — Hall  &  Harbour,  1(52  in  part  and  158  in  part. 

POTENTILLA  HUMIFUSA,  JSTutt.  (P.  concinna,  Rich.)  Watson's  Rev.,  L  c., 
p.  558.  Densely  white-tomentose  and  silky -villous;  stems  decumbent, 
2'-4'  long,  slender;  leaflets  5,  cuueate-obloug,  6"-9"  long,  green  and  ap- 
pressed-silky above,  only  the  rounded  or  truncate  apex  serrate  with 
3-5  teeth;  flowers  3-5,  on  slender  pedicels;  bractlets  narrow,  shorter 
than  the  acute  sepals;  petals  2//-3//  long,  obcordate,  exceeding  the 
calyx;  carpels  15-20.  Subalpine. — Hall  &  Harbour,  157.  Marsh  near 
Long's  Peak,  Coulter. 

POTENTILLA  NIVEA,  L.  Watson's  Rev.,  I.  c..p.  558.  Pubescence  silky- 
villous,  often  abundant,  densely  white-tomentose  on  the  under  side  of 
the  leaves  and  sometimes  upon  the  calyx;  stems  2'-12/high;  leaflets 
cuneate-obovate  or  oblong,  3"-8"  long,  coarsely  iucised-serrate  or  pin- 
natifld,  the  terminal  one  sessile  or  petiolulate;  flowers  few  or  solitary, 
on  slender  pedicels;  bractlets  acute  or  acutish,  shorter  than  the  sepals; 
petals  2//-4//  long;  carpels  few  or  many. — Parry,  214  and  215;  Vasey. 

POTENTILLA  GRAYI,  Watson,  in  Rev.  I.  c.,  p.  560.  Pubescence  scanty, 
villous;  stems  slender,  3'-6'  high,  3-6  flowered;  stipules  ovate  or  ob- 
long, entire;  leaflets  very  broad  and  suborbicular,  ¥  long,  the  trun- 
cate or  rounded  apex  5-7-toothed,  the  middle  leaflet  long-petiolulate  ; 
sepals  acute,  the  bractlets  but  half  as  long  and  obtusish;  petals  2"- 
3"  long,  orbicular,  retuse,  exceeding  the  calyx;  carpels  15-20. — Gray's 
Peak,  Dr.  Gray. 


38  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

POTENTILLA  FRUTicosA,  L. — Very  common  along  the  foot-bills  and 
among  the  mountains.  Hall  &  Harbour,  155.  Near  Denver,  B.  H. 
Smith;  Median.  South  Park  and  Sierra  Madre  Eange,  Coulter. 

POTENTILLA  ANSERLNA,  L. — Common  everywhere  on  the  plains  and 
in  the  mountains.  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canon 
City,  Brandegee.  South  Park,  Coulter. 

EOSA  -BLAND A,  Ait. — Common  everywhere  along  streams  in  the  foot- 
hills. Dr.  Smith;  Meehan.  Porter ;  Brandegee;  Coulter. 

EOSA  ARKANSANA,  Porter  (n.  sp.)  Stein  stout,  erect,  leafy,  1°  high, 
glabrous  and  glaucous,  armed  with  weak,  deciduous,  bristly  prickles ; 
leaflets  9-11,  ovate  and  oblong-ovate,  1 'or  more  in  length,  acute  or  obtuse, 
glabrous,  sharply  serrate;  midrib  and  long  stipules  somewhat  prickly 
and  minutely  glandular;  flowers  numerous,  terminal,  corymbed,  on 
peduncles  about  I'  long;  fruit  globose,  smooth,  glaucous;  calyx-seg- 
ments ovate,  reflexed  in  fruit,  with  terminal  and  sometimes  lateral 
appendages,  more  or  less  glandular  and  tomentose  pubescent  on  the 
margins;  petals  broadly  obcordate  or  emarginate,  longer  than  the  calyx- 
segments,  rose-color^  flowers  2"  in  diameter. — This  rose  may  possibly  be 
an  extreme  form  of  H.  blanda,  but  it  differs  in  so  many  points  that  I  have 
ventured  to  describe  it  as  new. — Banks  of  the  Arkansas  near  Canon 
City,  Brandegee.  Eaton  Mountains,  Dr.  Bell.  Texas,  Wright. 

EOSA  FRAXINIFOLIA,  Bork.  Eesembles  E.  blanda.  Flowers  large, 
3'  in  diameter;  fruit  larger,  6' to  h'  in  diameter ;  2°  to  3°  higb,  growing 
solitary  on  dry  ridges. — In  the  mountains,  Hon.  John  Scott. 

PYRUS  SAMBITCIFOLIA,  Cham.  &  Schlecht. — Meehan. 

AMELANCHIER  CANADENSIS,  T.  &  G.,  var.  ALNIFOLIA,  T.  &  G. 
Mountain  of  the  Holy  Cross,  Coulter. 

SAX1FRAGACE.E. 

SAXIFRAGA  C^SPITOSA,  L.  Perennial,  dwarf,  crespitose ;  stems,  l'-2' 
high ;  leaves  glandular- pubescent,  3-5-eleft,  upper  linear  and  entire, 
segments  broadly-linear  and  obtuse ;  flowering  stems  with  a  few  scat- 
tered leaves,  glandular,  1-4-flowered;  petals  white,  obovate.  3-nerved, 
scarcely  longer  or  twice  the  length  of  the  calyx.  Alpine.— Hall  &  Har- 
bour ;  Parry. 

SAXIFRAGA  RivuLARis,  L.  "Eocky  Mountains  of  Colorado,"  Watson 
in  Kintfs  Rep.,  vol.  5,  p.  93. 

SAXIFRAGA  ADSCENDENS,  L.  (S.  controversa,  Sternb.)  Annual,  glan- 
dular-pubescent; stems  r-3-higb;  erect,  leafy;  leaves  cuneate-ovate, 
3-5  toothed  at  the  apex,  the  earlier  spatulate  and  entire,  radical  ones 
crowded;  branchlets  3-flowered;  flowers  pinkish  or  yellowish-white; 
calyx-lobes  ovate,  obtuse,  shorter  than  the  petals  ;  pedicels  bibracteate, 
about  equaling  the  fruit.— "  Alpine  region,"  Hall  &  Harbour,  196. 

SAXIFRAGA  CERNUA,  L.  Annual,  glabrate  or  glandular-pubescent; 
steins  granulate  at  base,  leafy,  weak,  simple  or  branching,  2'-5'  high, 
lower  leaves  reniform,  broadly  toothed  or  lobed,  the  upper  ones  bearing 
little  bulbs  in  their  axils;  flowers  often  solitary,  terminal,  pendulous ; 
sepals  oblong  or  ovate,  nearly  distinct;  petals obovate-obloug  or  obovate 
and  retuse,  white  or  cream-color,  longer  than  the  calyx;  styles  imperfect 
or  deformed.  Alpine. — Mount  Lincoln  at  12,500  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 
Meehan.  Saugre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegee. 

SAXIFRAGA  DEBILIS,  Eng.  Glabrous/  or  very  sparingly  glandular 
pubescent;  stems  weak,  ascending,  2-4-flowered,  2'-4/  high ;  radical 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.          39 

leaves  small,  crenately  lobed,  cauline  ones  3-lobed  or  entire ;  lobes  of  the 
calyx  ovate,  obtusish,  at  length  shorter  than  the  tube ;  petals  ovate, 
obtuse,  twice  longer  than  the  calyx,  white  or  pinkish;  tube  of  the  calyx 
obconical,  wholly  adherent  to  the  ovary;  styles  very  short;  stigina 
capitate.  Alpine. — Hall  &  Harbour,  198.  Sangre  de  Oristo  Pass,  Bran- 
deyee. 

SAXIFRAGA  HIRCULTJS,  L.  Stem  1-6-flowered,  leafy ;  leaves  lance- 
olate, nerved,  not  ciliate ;  pedicels  and  upper  part  of  the  stem  more  or 
less  hairy,  not  glandular ;  sepals  usually  ciliate,  obtuse,  much  shorter 
than  the  obovate,  many-nerved  petals  retiexed ;  flowers  very  large,  yellow ; 
style  very  short;  stigma  spatulate,  at  first  inflexed,  at  length  divari- 
cate.— "  South  Park,  in  wet  or  swampy  places."  Hall  &  Harbour,  201 ; 
Canby. 

SAXIFRAGA  SERPYLLIFOLIA,  Pursh.  Dwarf,  csespitose,  shoots  creep- 
ing; leaves  rosulate,  imbricated,  somewhat  reflexed,  oblong-obovate, 
thick,  3"-4"  long,  very  smooth  ;  stem  filiform,  few-leaved,  slightly  glan- 
dular pubescent,  l'-2'  high,  1-3-flowered ;  calyx  not  adherent  to  the 
ovary,  the  segments  reflexed,  obtuse,  much  shorter  than  the  broadly- 
obovatc,  yellow,  3-nerved  petals.  Alpine. — Hall  &  Harbour,  199.  Gray's 
Peak,  Dr.  Smith.  Sangre  de  Oisto  Pass,  Brandegee.  Gray's  Peak  at 
12-1,300  feet,  Redfield. 

SAXIFRAGA  FLAGELLARIS,  TTilld.  Glandular-pubescent ;  stems  sim- 
ple, £'-6'  high,  leafy,  1-5-flowered ;  stolons  from  the  axils  of  the  radical 
leaves  long  and  filiform,  naked  and  rooting  at  the  ends;  leaves  obovate- 
spatulate,  ciliate,  lower  much  crowded,  the  upper  oblong  or  linear  ;  flow- 
ers large,  yellow,  3"-4"  long ;  sepals  very  glandular,  united  at  the  base 
and  slightly  coherent  with  the  ovary;  petals  persistent,  3"-4"  long, 
longer  than  the  capsule.  Alpine. — Hall  &  Harbour,  200 ;  Parry.  Mount 
Lincoln  at  13,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

SAXIFRAGA  BRONCHIALIS,  L.  Perennial ;  stems  ascending,  slender, 
producing  short  branchlets  ;  leaves  linear,  4"-5"  long,  rather  coriaceous, 
finely  ciliate,  mucrouate-pointed,  crowded  below;  flowers  corymbose  on 
a  long,  slender,  bracted  peduncle,  3/-8/  high ;  sepals  lanceolate  or  ovate, 
obtuse  or  acutish;  petals  obovate-obloug,  white,  marked  with  numerous 
purplish  spots,  much  exceeding  the  sepals ;  styles  and  stigmas  con- 
vergent during  flowering. — Eocky  places.  Hall  &  Harbour,  197 ;  Parry  ; 
B.  H.  Smith-  Canby ;  Porter.  Mount  Lincoln  at  10,000  feet  altitude 
and  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

SAXIFRAGA  PUXCTATA,  L.  (S.ccstivalis,  Fisch.)  Perennial,  villous- 
pubesceut  or  nearly  glabrous ;  leaves  radical,  l'-2'  in  diameter,  long- 
petioled,  roundish,  reniforni  or  orbicular,  equally  and  deeply  dentate, 
the  teeth  mostly  acute;  scape  slender,  naked,  1°-!^°  high,  the  pe- 
duncles and  pedicels  of  the  usually  open  panicle  gfandular;  bracts 
small,  linear;  petals  white,  oval,  or  orbicular,  obtuse,  exceeding  the  ob- 
tuse, ovate-oblong,  reflexed  sepals;  filaments  often  petaloid  and  abor- 
tive; ovaries  distinct  below  the  middle. — Hall  &  Harbour,  207.  Pike's 
Peak,  Canby.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith.  Mount  Lincoln,  at  12-1 -4,000  feet 
altitude,  and  Mount  La  Plata,  at  11,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

SAXIFRAGA  STELLARIS,  L.,  var.  COMOSA,  Willd. — Mount  Evans,  at 
13,000  feet  altitude,  Greene. 

SAXIFRAGA  NIVALIS,  L.  Perennial ;  leaves  all  radical,  ovate  or  obo- 
vate, attenuate  into  a  broad  petiole,  unequally  crenate-dentate;  scape 
naked,  3/-12/  high,  capitately  or  sub-corymbosely  several  to  many- 
flowered;  the  half- adherent  calyx  erect,  shorter  than  the  oblong,  obtuse. 


40  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

subunguiculate  petals;  capsules  purple,  divergent. — Hall  &  Harbour* 
193.  South  Park,  Porter.  Near  Long's  Peak  and  Westou's  Pass,  Coulter. 

SAXIFRAGA  INTEGRIFOLIA,  Hook.  Very  viscidly-pubescent;  leaves 
all  radical,  ovate  or  oblong-obovate,  very  obtuse,  entire  or  slightly  sinuate- 
eremite;  scape  elongated,  l°-3°  high,  paniculate  at  the  apex,  rather 
narrow  or  sometimes  expanded,  bracteate;  petals  obovate,  twice  the 
length  of  the  glabrous,  spreading,  or  at  length  reflexed,  round-ovate, 
obtuse  segments  of  the  calyx;  stamens  short,  styles  free.— Sierra  Madre 
Kange,  at  11,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

SAXIFRAGA  JAMESII,  Torr.  Glandular-puberulent;  stems  2/-G/ 
high  from  a  thick  caudex,  more  or  less  leafy,  5-10  flowered;  radical 
leaves  on  rather  long  petioles,  reuiform-cordate,  smoothish,  crenately- 
toothed  or  lobed;  cauline  ones  few,  the  uppermost  bract-like,  cuneiform : 
raceme  compound;  flowers  large;  calyx-tubecainpanulate,  cohering  with 
the  base  of  the  ovary,  the  segments  triangular-ovate,  rather  acute,  about 
as  long  as  the  slender  claw  or  the  orbicular,  purple  petals;  stamens  10. 
— Hall  &  Harbour,  203.  In  clefts  of  the  rocks  in  Chiann  ('anon,  Porter. 
Pike's  Peak,  Canby. 

TELLIMA1  PARVIFLORA,  Hook.  (lAtliopliragma,  Nutt.)  Boot  more  or 
less  granulate;  stems  6'-15'  high,  scabrous  hirsute,  with  1-2  ten  lately- 
divided  or  lobed  leaves;  segments  3-cleft,  4-8  flowered,  occasionally 
bulb-bearing;  leaves  £'-2'  in  diameter;  pedicels  sub  erect,  usually 
shorter  than  the  calyx,  which  is  obcouic,  elongating  in  fruit  and  densely 
glandular-hirsute;  petals  white,  much  exserted,  deeply  5-cleft,  projecting 
1"_3"  beyond  the  calyx;  ovary  adnate  above  the  middle;  seeds  oblong, 
minutely" roughened. — Hall  &  Harbour,  206. 

MITELLA  PENTANDRA,  Hook.  Leaves  all  radical,  cordate,  slightly 
lobed,  creuately-serrate;  scape  slender,  1°-1J°  high,  naked;  calyx  cam- 
pauulate  with  spreading  lobes,  adherent  to  the  middle  of  the  ovary; 
petals  white,  linear  or  filiform,  deeply  3-cleft,  longer  than  the  calyx; 
stamens  5,  with  very  short  filaments,  alternate  with  the  petals;  stigma 
entire;  capsule  opening  prematurely. — Hall  &  Harbour,  208;  Parry. 
Sierra  Madre  Kauge,  at  11,500  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

CHRYSOSPLENIUM  ALTERNIFOLIUM,  L.  Flowering  stems  erect ;  leaves 
alternate,  reuiform-cordate,  doubly  crenate  or  somewhat  lobed ;  flowers 
corymbose. — Hall  &  Harbour,  576. 

HEUCHERA  BRACTEATA,  Scringe.  Small  and  nearly  glabrous  or 
minutely  puberulent ;  scapes  numerous  from  a  thick,  ligneous  caudex, 
leafless  or  bracted;  radical  leaves  roundish-subcordate,  about  V  in 
diameter,  incisely  lobed,  lobes  short,  crenately  toothed,  subciliate,  teeth 
setaceously  mucronate;  flowers  crowded  in  a  spicate,  somewhat  com- 
pound raceme  V  to  1J'  long;  calyx  campanulate,  oblong,  almost  5-cleft 
to  the  middle,  lobes  spatulate-oblong ;  petals  attenuate,  acute,  scarcely 
broader  than  the  filaments;  styles  and  stamens  at  length  exserted; 
thyrsus  commonly  more  or  less  secund;  flowers  barely  2"  in  length. — In 
clefts  of  the  rocks.  Hall  &  Harbour,  205.  Parry,  172;  Dr.  Smith;  B. 
H.  Smith.  On  the  road  from  Denver  to  Idaho  Springs,  Porter. 

HEUCHERA  PARVIFOLIA,  Nutt.    Scabrous-puberulent ;  scape  naked, 

1  TELLIMA,  Brown.  Calyx  campanulate,  dilated,  prolonged  beyond  the  ovary  and 
adherent  to  it  at  base,  5-tootlied  or  cleft,  valvate.  Petal  5,  entire  or  divided,  inserted 
on  the  throat  of  the  calyx  with  the  10  small,  included  stamens.  Ovary  half-superior, 
conical,  1-celled,  with  2-3  parietal,  many-ovuled  placenta' ;  styles  2-3,  short.  Capsule 
wholly  or  half  inferior,  membranous,  2-3-valved,  many-seeded. — Erect,  simple,  pilose 
or  glandular  herbs  with  petioled,  rounded-cordate,  lobed  leaves  and  terminal  racemes. 
Bmili.  and  Hook. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         41 

W-2°  high;  leaves  roundish-cordate,  crenately  5-7  lobed,  at  length 
glabrous,  ciliate,  the  lobes  short  and  rounded  with  1  or  2  crenatures, 
minutely  mucronate;  panicle  racemose,  rather  loose;  bracts  small, 
laciniate,  ciliate;  flowers  small;  calyx  adherent  to  the  ovary,  obconic 
at  base$  limb  flat,  dilated;  petals  minute,  caducous;  stamens  shorter 
than  the  lobes  of  the  calyx;  styles  very  short,  conical;  seeds  mnricate 
or  hispid  under  a  lens. — Common  in  the  mountains.  Hall  &  Harbour, 
-04;  Parry,  174;  B.  H.  Smith.  Chiauu  Canon,  Porter.  Brandegee.  South 
Park,  Coulter. 

HEUCHERA  HALLIT,  Gr.  Miuuteh  glandular-puberulent;  scape  4/-8/ 
high,  naked  or  with  1-3  minute,  subulate  bracts;  thyrsus  raceme  like, 
rather  loosely  12-30  flowered  ;  bracts  scarcely  longer  than  the  pedicels; 
flowers  white  or  pinkish,  3"  long;  calyx  broadly-campanulate,  5-lobed, 
lobes  broad-ovate;  petals  narrowly  spatulate,  obtuse,  exsert;  stamens 
and  styles  included.  Leaves  as  in  H.  bracteata,  considerably  variable. 
— Hall  <('  Harbour,  rocks,  on  mountains  of  medium  elevation.  On  the 
Upper  Arkansas,  Porter.  Grand  Cation  of  the  Arkansas,  Brandegee. 

PARXASSIA  PARVIFLORA,  DC. — Hall  tfc Harbour,  578.  Wet  Mountain 
Valley,  Brandegee. 

PARNASSIA  FIMBRIATA,  Banks.  Scape  6'-18'  high;  flowers  I7  in 
diameter;  radical  leaves  on  very  long  petioles,  biauriculate-reniform  ; 
rauliue  one  very  small,  cordate,  sessile,  above  the  middle  of  the  slender 
scape;  petals  fiinbriate  at  the  base,  somewhat  uuguiculate,  longer  than 
the  calyx;  sterile  filaments  5-9  in  each  set,  or  reduced  to  a  crenately- 
toothed,  broadly-cuiieate,  fleshy,  carinate  scale. — Hall  &  Harbour.  575. 
In  damp  places  in  the  Sierra  "Madre  Range  at  10-12,000  feet  altitude, 
Coulter. 

JA3IESIA1  AMERICANA,  T.  &  G.  Cymes  often  longer  than  the  leaves, 
5-10-flowered ;  petals  white,  3" -5"  long,  glabrous  or  slightly  hairy  with- 
in; calyx-lobes  shorter  than  the  petals,  enlarged  and  foliacebus  in  fruit. 
— Hall  ct  Harbour j  568;  Parry.  Georgetown,  I)r.  Smith;  Canby.  Chiann 
Canon  and  Glen  Eyrie,  Porter.  James's  Peak  and  Clear  Creek  Canon, 
Co ulter;  Redfield. 

PHILADELPHIA  MIOROPHYLLUS,  Gr.  PI.  FendL,  p.  54.  Branches  slen- 
der, erect;  leaves  small,  6"-9"  long,  ovate-lanceolate  or  oblong,  very 
entire,  obsoletely  3-nerved,  shining  above,  pale,  and  minutely  pilose  be- 
neath, narrowed  at  base  into  a  very  short  petiole;  flowers  terminal,  1-3; 
calyx  4-cleft,  glabrous  without,  lobes  ovate-lanceolate,  toineutulose 
within;  styles  connate  to  the  apex,  shorter  than  the  stamens;  stigmas 
4,  oblong;  capsules  snbglobose. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  The  speci- 
mens received  from  Mr.  Brandegee  exhibit  some  of  the  characters  of 
P.  serpyllifolhiSj  Gr.  (PL  Wright,  1,  p.  77.)  The  leaves  are  pubescent 
above,  some  of  them  plainly  3-iierved  and  the  lobes  of  the  calyx  silky- 
pubescent  without.  But  it  is  clearly  distinguished  by  the  size  of  the 
leaves  and  the  oblong  stigmas.  The  hairs  on  the  under  side  of  the 
leaves  are  appressed  and  covered  with  tubercles  under  the  microscope, 

1  JAMESIA,  T.  &  G.  Calyx-tube  very  short,  turbinate,  adnate  to  the  base  of  the 
ovary ;  lobes  triangular-ovate,  sometimes  bind.  Petals  5,  obovate,  convolute.  Stamens 
10.  the  alternate  ones  shorter;  filaments  linear,  flattened,  acuminate.  Ovary  conical, 
1-celled,  with  3-5  parietal,  many-ovuled  placenta- :  styles  3-5.  equaling  the  stamens. 
Capsule  included,  incompletely  3-5-celled.  dehiscent  between  the  persistent,  diverging 
styles.  Seeds  horizontal,  ovate,  shining.  striate-reticulate,  the  embryo  in  the  axis  of 
the  fleshy  albumen. — A  low,  diffusely-branching  shrub,  2°-3°  high;  leaves  opposite, 
petioled,  ovate,  mucrouately  serrate/canescent  beneath,  as  well  as  on  the  petioles, 
calyx,  and  branchlets,  with  a  soft,  hairy  pubescence ;  flowers  cyniose,  in  terminal 
panicles.  Bcnth.  and  Hook* 


42  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

as  Dr.  Gray  has  observed  in  those  of  P.  serpyllifolius. — Webster  Canon, 
Redjield. 

KIBES  HIRTELLUM,  Wx.—Hall  &  Harbour,  187.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 
Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter.  Ute  Pass,  Porter. 

KIBES  IRRIGKJUM,  Dougl.  Stems  6°  high,  branches  red.  narked  or 
prickly;  subaxillary  spines  3  or  sometimes  more,  stout,  rarely  redexed; 
leaves  roundish,  5-lobed,  I'-IJ'  in  diameter,  cuneate,  truncate  or  sub- 
cordate  at  base,  crenately-serfate,  nearly  glabrous,  somewhat  hairy  be- 
tween the  veins  beneath  and  somewhat  ciliate ;  peduncles  slender  and 
usually  elongated,  3-flowered,  glabrous  or  minutely  glandular-pubescent ; 
the  bracts  somewhat  gland  ular-ciliate;  calyx  cylindrical  and  narrow 
(with  the  ovary  often  J'long),  glabrous,  the  segments  linear-oblong,  ex- 
ceeding the  tube,  sometimes  reflexed;  petals  short,  oblong-spatulate, 
purplish-white ;  the  stamens  usually  exceeding  the  calyx,  but  shorter 
thau  the  deeply  cleft  style  ;  filaments  and  style  hairy ;  fruit  rather  large, 
smooth,  deep-purple,  edible. — Wilson's  Creek,  Brandegee. 

KIBES  LEPTANTHOT,  Gr.  PL  FendL,  p.  53.  Shrub  2°-4°  high, 
diffusely  branched,  without  prickles;  subaxillary  spines  solitary,  stout, 
rarely  two  or  three;  the  dense,  minute  pubescence  glandular  or  often 
mixed  with  resinous  dots,  or  the  whole  plant  glabrous;  leaves  small, 
4"-6"  broad,  numerous,  5-cleft,  lobes  incised ;  peduncles  short,  deflexed ; 
flowers  1-2,  nearly  sessile,  yellow,  2"-4"  long;  bracts  rounded,  shorter 
than  the  ovary;  calyx  tubular  or  somewhat  campauulate,  more  or  less 
silky-pubescent,  the  lobes  subspatulate,  more  or  less  reflexed,  equaling 
the  tube  and  about  twice  longer  than  the  stamens  and  petals;  style 
glabrous,  undivided;  stigmas  2;  fruit  unarmed,  glabrous. — -Canon  City, 
Brandegee.  Webster  Canon,  Red  field. 

KIBES  LACUSTRE,  Poir.— Hall  &  Harbour,  184.  Westoii's  Pass,  Coulter. 

KIBES  PROSTRATUM,  L'  Her.— Hall  &  Harbour. 

KIBES  CEREUM,  Dougl.  Diffusely  branching  shrub,  1°  6°  high? 
unarmed;  leaves  roundish,  J'-l'  broad,  mostly  cordate,  3-5-lobed.  iucise- 
ly  crenate,  viscid-puberulent  or  nearly  glabrous,  resinous-dotted; 
racemes  nodding  on  short  peduncles,  crowded,  3-5-liowered;  bracts  ovate? 
appressed  to  the  nearly  -  sessile  ovary;  calyx  tubular,  3//-4//  long, 
glandular,  segments  very  short,  recurved,  pinkish-white;  petals  minute, 
orbicular;  stamens  included ;  style  undivided;  stigmas  2;  fruit  globose, 
glandular,  light  red. — Hall  &  Harbour,  180.  Glen  Eyrie,  Porter.  Canon 
City,  Brandegee.  Clear  Creek  Canon,  and  common  through  the  moun- 
tains, Coulter. 

KIBES  FLORIDUM,  L'  Her.— On  the  Platte  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

KIBES  AUREUM,  Pursh.  Shrub,  neither  prickly  nor  spiny,  with  long 
slender  drooping  branches,  glabrous;  leaves  convolute  in  vernation, 
rather  thick,  3-lobed,  lobes  divaricate,  incisely  few  toothed,  ciliate  when 
young;  petioles  and  peduncles  minutely  puberulent;  raceme  many- 
flowered,  with  foliaceous  bracts  exceeding  the  pedicels ;  calyx  tubular, 
very  slender,  segments  spreading,  shorter  than  the  tube,  twice  the  length 
of  the  petals,  yellow ;  style  undivided ;  fruit  yellowish  or  black,  gla- 
brous, edible.— Hall  &  Harbour,  188.  Plains  near  Denver,  May,  Coulter. 
Cultivated  for  the  fragrance  of  its  flowers,  under  the  name  of  *"  Missouri 
Currant." 

CRASSULACE.E. 

SEDUM  KHODIOLA,  VG.—Hall  &  Harbour,  191;  Dr.  Smith;  Porter. 
Mount  Lincoln  at  13,000  feet  altitude,  July,  Coulter.  Gray's  Peak,  Red- 
field. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.          43 

SEBUM  RHODAKTHUM,  Gr.  Sill.  Jour.  (N.  S.)  33,  p.  405.  Stems  nu- 
merous, 6"-12"  high  from  a  thick  root,  erect  simple,  leaves  flat,  scattered, 
glabrous,  oblong  or  oblanceolate,  entire,  l'-2'  long;  corymb  l'-2'loug, 
terminal,  simple;  flowers  large,  4//-5//,  perfect,  mostly  tetramerous,  more 
than  twice  the  length  of  the  pedicels;  sepals  linear;  petals  rose-color 
or  nearly  white,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  twice  exceeding  the  sepals  and 
a  little  longer  than  the  stamens  which  are  adnate  to  them  below  the 
middle ;  ovary  straight ;  styles  filiform. — On  the  banks  of  rivulets,  alpine 
and  subalpine.  Hall  &  Harbour,  189;  Parry;  Dr.  Smith.  Mount  Lin- 
coln at  13,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

SEDUM  STENOPETALUM,  Pursh.  Glabrous ;  stems  3'-6'  high,  erect, 
several  from  a  decumbent  base,  simple  or  somewhat  branched;  leaves 
crowded  on  the  barren  shoots,  fleshy,  compressed,  subulate,  sessile,  acute, 
2"-4"  long;  flowers  bright-yellow,  nearly  sessile,  pentamerous,  3"-4" 
long ;  petals  linear,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  twice  longer  than  the  subu- 
late sepals. — Common  everywhere  at  the  base  of  the  foothills  and 
through  the  mountains  to  12,000  feet  altitude.  Hall  &  Harbour,  190; 
Canby;  Dr.  Smith  ;  B.  H.  Smith;  Meehan ;  Porter;  Coulter. 

HA  LOR  A  GET:. 

HIPPURIS  VULGARIS,  L. — Common,  in  streams,.  Hall  &  Harbour, 
13.!;  Parry;  Brandeyee.  Clear  Creek  Caiion,  Coulter. 

ONAGRACEJE. 

EPILOBIUM  ALPINUM,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  167.  Chicago  Lakes  at 
12,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

EPILOBIUM  TETRAGONUM,  L.  Stems  erect,  6'-2°  high,  usually  branch- 
ing, 4-sided,  nearly  glabrous ;  leaves  opposite,  oblong-lanceolate,  denticu- 
late, the  middle  ones  more  or  less  decurrent  along  the  angles  of  the  stem, 
the  lower  slightly  petioled;  flowers  small;  petals  emarginate ;  stigma 
clavate ;  capsules  pediceled,  minutely  pubescent. — Dr.  Smith;  B.  H. 
Smith;  Porter.  Along  the  Platte  and  near  Mount  Lincoln  at  10,000  feet 
altitude,  Coulter. 

EPILOBIUM  PALTJSTRE,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  166. 

EPILOBIUM  PANICULATUM,  L.  Stems  6'-3°  high,  glabrous  or  glandu- 
lar-pubescent above,  erect,  slender,  terete,  dichotomous  above;  leaves 
narrowly  linear,  obscurely  serrulate,  acute,  attenuate  at  base,  mostly 
alternate  and  fascicled ;  flowers  few,  l//-4//  long,  light  rose-color,  ter- 
minating the spreadi ngn'liforin  and  almost  leafless  branches;  calyx-tube 
infundibuliform,  petals  obcordate,  nearly  twice  exceeding  the  calyx 
lobes  :  capsule  short,  acute  at  each  end,  straight  or  a  little  curved,  erect 
or  spreading. — Hall  cfc  Harbour,  168.  Mountains  of  Colorado,  Canby. 

EPILOBIUM  ANGUSTIFOLIUM,  Ij.—Hall  &  Harbor,  170;  Dr.  Smith, 
B.  H.  Smith.  Ute  Pass  and  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

EPILOBIUM  LATIFOLIUM,  L.  Stem  ascending,  often  branched,  9/-lS/ 
high,  glabrous  or  very  minutely  puberulent;  leaves  ovate  or  ovate- 
lanceolate,  sessile,  entire  or  nearly  so,  rather  thick  and  rigid,  l'-l  £' 
long,  the  veins  not  apparent;  flowers  axillary  and  terminal,  on  short 
pedicels;  style  somewhat  erect,  glabrous,  shorter  than  the  stamens. 
— Hall  &  Harbour,  1W;  Parry.  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 


44  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

| 

GAYOPHYTUM1  RAMOSissiMUM,  T.  &  G.  Steins  6'-18'  high,  becoming 
very  much  branched ;  flowers  very  minute;  calyx-lobes  lanceolnte- 
oblong,  equaling  the  rose-colored  petals  and  exceeding  the  longer 
stamens ;  flowers  £''  long:  capsules  oblong,  3-5-seeded,  2//-3"  long,  rather 
shorter  than  the  filiform,  deflexed,  pedicels. — Hall  &  Harbour,  172. 
Buffalo  Peaks,  Coulter. 

GAYOPHYTUM  RACEMOSUM,  T.  &  G.  Glabrous  or  nearly  so;  steins 
6'-18'  high,  branched,  branches  elongated,  mostly  simple;  leaves  linear- 
spatulate,  short,  6"-12"  long;  flowers  axillary  throughout  the  branches; 
segments  of  the  calyx  about  the  length  of  the  petals;  longer  stamens 
one-third  shorter  than  the  petals;  capsule  linear,  8"-10"  long,  tapering 
at  base  into  a  very  short  pedicel  or  sessile,  many-seeded. — Hall  &  Har- 
fcowr,  171 ;  Parry;  Brandegee  ;  Canby.  Gray's  Peak,  Eedjield. 

(ENOTHERA  BIENNIS,  L. — Along  the  Platte  and  in  Ute  Pass,  Coulter; 
Porter. 

(ENOTHERA  PINNATIFIDA,  Nutt.  Annual,  decumbent,  pubescent  or 
puberulent ;  stem  low,  branches  sometimes  1  °-2°  long  ;  leaves  deeply  pin- 
riatifid,  with  linear  and  acute  segments,  radical  ones  often  nearly  entire; 
flowers  axillary,  large,  2/-3/  in  diameter ;  segments  of  the  calyx  rather 
shorter  than  the  tube  and  much  shorter  than  the  broadly  obcordate 
petals ;  style  filiform,  shorter  than  the  petals,  but  exceeding  the  stamens ; 
stigmas  filiform,  divaricate,  as  long  as  the  slender  anthers ;  capsules 
prismatic-cylindrical,  striate-grooved,  somewhat  tapering  towards  the 
apex,  about  I7  long  ;  seeds  1-rowed  in  each  cell,  terete,  ascending. — Hall 
&  Harbour,  177 ;  Brandegee.  Clear  Creek,  Coulter.  On  the  Platte  near 
Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Redjield. 

(ENOTHERA  CORONOPIFOLTA,  T.  &  G.  Perennial,  with  horizontal 
root-stocks ;  stems  simple,  often  numerous  from  a  branching  base,  erect 
or  ascending,  slender,  cauescently  puberulent,  strigose  or  hispid  ;  basal 
leaves  linear-spatulate,  the  rest  pectiuately  piniuitiiid ;  throat  of  the 
calyx-tube  densely  villous;  petals  somewhat  orbicular,  entire,  equaling 
the  stamens,  shorter  than  the  pistil,  nearly  white,  turning  red,  \'  long ; 
capsule  ovate  or  linear-oblong,  tor ulose  at  base,  sometimes  attenuated 
into  a  very  short  peduncle,  sub-erect;  seeds  large,  ovate,  turgid,  some- 
what obtuse  or  obliquely  truncate.— Hall  &  Harbour,  178;  Dr.  Smith  ; 
B.  H.  Smith  ;  Canby  ;  Braudegee.  Plains  around  Denver  and  Colorado 
Springs,  Porter.  Plains  of  the  Platte  and  Pleasant  Park,  Coulter. 

(ENOTHERA  ALBICAULIS,  Nutt.  Perennial,  puberulent  or  hirsute; 
stems  usually  l°-3°  high,  erect  or  ascending,  with  a  white,  membran- 
ous, shining  bark;  leaves  very  variable,  linear  or  lanceolate,  attenuate 
at  the  base,  entire  or  more  or  less  dentate  ;  petals  round-ovate,  more  or 
less  unguiculate,  entire,  exceeding  the  stamens  and  equaling  the  pistil, 
often  nearly  white;  capsule  thickened  at  base,  sessile,  linear,  divaricate, 
often  flexuous  or  deflexed;  seeds  rather  small, linear-lanceolate, smooth. 
— Dr.  Smith  ;  B.  H.  Smith  ;  Canby.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Plains  near. 
Denver  and  Pleasant  Park,  Coulter.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

(ENOTHERA  TRILOBA,  Xutt.    Biennial,  acaulescent,  nearly  glabrous ; 

1  GAYOPHYTUM,  A.  Juss.  Calyx-tube  not  produced  beyond  the  ovary,  linear,  sub- 
terete;  lobes  4,  spreading,  deciduous;  petals  4,  obovate,  very  shortly*  unguiculate  ; 
stamens  8,  or  4,  alternate,  with  as  many  staminodia  ;  iilaivents  short,  filiform  ;  anthers 
globose ;  style  rather  short,  with  a  capitate  or  clavate  stigma ;  capsule  small,  mem- 
branous, linear,  2-celled,  4-valved,  two  opposite  valves  bearing  a  narrow  dissepiment ; 
seeds  few-many,  in  a  single  series  in  each  cell,  ascending. — Annual,  slender,  branching 
herbs,  with  alternate,  linear,  entire,  nerveless  leaves  and  small  axillary,  solitary 
flowers. — Benth  £  Hook. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  45 

leaves  runcinate-pinnatifid,  petioled,  segments  linear-lanceolate,  often 
toothed;  flowers  large,  sessile,  2'-3'  in  diameter,  yellowish  becoming 
rose-color;  calyx  tube  very  long,  filiform,  dilated  above;  capsules  oval 
or  obovate,  I'  in  length,  persistent  and  crowding  at  the  base,  cartilagi- 
nous or  somewhat  woody,  reticulated,  4- winged, apicolate  or  4-toothed  at 
the  apex ;  seeds  horizontal,  angled,  densely  tuberculate. — Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 175.  Sotith  Park,  Coulter. 

(EXOTHERA  CyESPiTOSA,  Sfutt.  (Watson's  Rev.  in  Proc.  Am.  Ac.,  v.  8, 
pp.  585  and  605.  Including  (E.montana  and  (E.  maryinata,  Xutt.;  also  (E. 
eji-hnia,Gi\)  A  caulescent,  or  with  a  short,  sub-erect  stem,  2/-6/ high  , 
more  or  less  villous  pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous ;  leaves  petioled,  lan- 
ceolate, acute,  variable  in  section,  runciuate,  lyrate,  repandly-toothed  or 
nearly  entire;  calyx-tube  elongated,  3'-5'  long;  petals  large,  l'-2'  long, 
obcordate,  nearly  white,  becoming  rose-color ;  capsules  sessile  or  upon 
short  peduncles,  coriaceous,  oblong,  somewhat  attenuate  above,  straight 
or  curved,  sub  4-angled,  more  or  less  ribbed,  with  the  ridges  tuberculate 
or  smooth,  dehiscence  loculicidal ;  seeds,  two  rows  in  each  cell,  nearly  hori- 
zontal, obovate,  smooth,  sulcate. — Hall  &  Harbour,  173;  Parry.  Xorth 
Park,  Hay  den.  E.  H.  Smith.  Xear  Denver,  Canby.  Plains  of  the  Platte, 
Coulter.  South  Park,  Porter. 

A  remarkably  stout,  caulescent  form  of  this  very  variable  species, 
collected  by  Mr.  Braudegee  near  Cafion  City,  corresponds  very  nearly 
to  (E.  eximia,  Gray,  PL  Fcndl.,  p.  45.  The  robust,  ascending  stems  are 
more  than  a  span  high  and  the  capsules  sessile,  conical,  I'-IJ'  long,  taper- 
ing upward  from  a  broad  base,  with  2  wing-crested  ribs  on  each  valve. 

(EXOTHERA  MISSOURIEXSIS,  Sims.  Stems  low,  simple,  decumbent ; 
leaves  coriaceous,  lanceolate,  acute,  tapering  into  a  short  petiole,  ob- 
scurely denticulate,  somewhat  canescent  when  young;  flowers  axillary, 
very  large,  diurnal;  tube  of  the  calyx  4/-7'  in  length,  segments  acu- 
minate, often  spotted  with  purple,  much  shorter  than  the  tube,  about 
the  length  of  the  roundish,  flabelliform,  mucronulate  petals ;  corolla 
4'-t>/  in  diameter;  petals  very  broad,  light-yellow,  wjth  orange  veins; 
capsule  pediceled,  very  large,  somewhat  compressed,  with  4  broad 
wings,  2'  in  length  and  about  the  same  in  breadth  including  the  wings, 
without  the  wings  3"  in  diameter ;  seeds  large,  the  undulate  crest  con- 
spicuous.— Hall  d:  Harbour,  174. 

(EXOTHERA  HARTWEGII,  Benth.,  var.  LAVANDUL^FOLIA,  Gr.  Snffru- 
ticose,  low,  hoary-canescent ;  stems  simple,  decumbent,  6'  long ;  leaves 
crowded,  linear,  or  oblong-linear,  entire,  obtuse  or  acutish,  somewhat 
re  volute  ;  tube  of  the  calyx  1'  long,  tubular-infundibuliform,  many  times 
longer  than  the  ovary  and  the  ovate  lanceolate,  slightly  acuminate 
segments;  petals  rhombic-ovate,  crenulate,  longer  than  the  stamens; 
stigma  discoid  ;  capsule  sessile,  cylindrical,  canescent;  seeds  in  a  double 
series,  horizontal. — Canon  City,  Brandeyee.  Bluffs  at  Pueblo,  Greene. 

(ExoTHERA  CAXESCEXS, Torr.  &  Frem.  Frem.  2d.  Exp.,  p.  31 5.  Gray 
in  PL  FendL,  p.  44.  ((E.  yuttulata,  Hook.)  Stems  ascending,  6'-$'  high, 
branching,  very  leafy  to  the  top;  leaves  minutely  strigose-canesceiir. 
6"  long,  oblong-lanceolate  or  linear,  entire  or  obscurely  toothed ; 
calyx-tube  slender,  9"  long,  purplish,  thrice  the  length  of  the  ovoid, 
canescent  ovary ;  petals  broadly  obovate,  entire,  §'  long,  white,  with 
some  of  each  flower  conspicuously  spotted  or  blotched  with  rose-purple ; 
anthers  linear  ;  divisions  of  the  stigma  linear,  slender ;  capsule  slender, 
cauescent,  3"  long  and  almost  as  broad,  turgid-ovate,  apiculate,  with  4 
strongly  carinate  and  almost  winged  angles,  the  intermediate  ribs 


46  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

scarcely  prominent  5    seeds  numerous  in  each  cell,  obovate,   with  a 
smooth  and  thin  testa.  —  Purgatory  Biver,  Dr.  Bell. 

(ENOTHERA  SERRULATA,  Nutt.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  179;  B.  H.  Smith. 
Plains  of  the  Platte  and  Monument  Park,  Coulter.  On  the  plains  be- 
tween Denver  and  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

CENOTHERA  BREVIFLORA,  T.  &  G.  (  (E.  NuttalUi,  T.  &  G.)  Perennial, 
acauleseeiit  ;  leaves  petioled,  2/-6/  long,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  inter- 
ruptedly pinnately-parted,  the  segments  lanceolate,  acuminate,  tootbed 
or  entire;  calyx-tube  marcescent,  much  shorter  than  the  leaves,  filiform, 
dilated  at  the  summit,  segments  lanceolate,  shorter  than  the  obovate, 
yellow  petals,  scarcely  exceeding  the  style;  stigma  capitate,  entire; 
capsules  large,  sessile,  submembranous,  oblong  and  attenuate  above, 
sub-tetragonal  and  sulcate  on  the  sides,  very-  many-seeded;  seeds  smooth, 
somewhat  ascending,  terete,  oblong,  slightly  reiiiforai,  2  series  in  each 
cell.—  Hall  &  Harbour,  176. 

STENOSIPHON  l  VIRGATUS,  Spach.  Spikes  in  fruit  sometimes  nearly 
1°  long  ;  bracts  subulate,  longer  than  the  ovary,  rather  persistent  ;  calyx 
pubescent,  tube  exceedingly  slender,  ±"-5"  long  ;  petals  rather  large 
in  proportion  ;  ovary  tomentose-pubescent.  —  Parry  ;  Canby. 

GAURA  PARVIFLORA,  Dougl.  Stem  tall,  erect,  more  or  less  branched, 
20.50  high,  clothed,  besides  the  long,  soft-villous  hairs,  with  a  minute, 
slightly  glandular  pubescence  ;  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  l'-3'  long, 
acute  or  acuminate,  repand-denticulate,  clothed  on  both  sides  with  a  soft, 
velvety  pubescence;  spikes  virgate,  dense,  strict,  in  fruit  often  elongat- 
ing 1°"  or  more;  bracts  lanceolate-subulate;  flowers  very  small,  rose- 
colored  ;  calyx-tube  shorter  than  the  glabrous  ovary  and  longer  than  the 
segments  ;  petals  spatulate-oblong  ;  anthers  oval,  retuse,  attached  by 
the  middle;  lobes  of  the  stigma  very  short;  fruit  sessile,  oblong-clavate, 
4-nerved,  obtusely  angled  above,  3"-±"  long.  —  On  the  plains  near  Den- 
ver, Dr.  Smith.  Hall  &  Harbour,  180  ;  Parry,  181  ;  Canby.  Caiion 
City,  Red  field. 

GAURA  COCCINEA,  Nutt.  Canescent,  puberulent  or  glabrate  ;  stems 
suffruticose  and  fastigiately  branched  from  the  base,  G'-lii'  high,  very 
leafy,  ascending;  leaves  lanceolate,  linear-oblong  or  linear,  repand-den- 
ticulate or  entire,  6"-12"  long,  closely  sessile;  flowers  in  simple  spikes 
terminating  the  leafy  branches,  rose-color,  turning  to  scarlet;  bracts 
linear,  rather  persistent,  longer  than  the  ovaries  ;  calyx-segments  linear- 
oblong,  shorter  than  the  narrow  infundibuliform  tube,  as  long  as  the 
roundish,  unguiculate  petals  ;  fruit  elliptical,  sessile,  short,  terete,  1- 
sided  above.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  181;  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith;  Canby. 
Plains  around  Denver  and  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Plains  of  the 
Platte,  Coulter. 

ALPINA,  L.  —  Hall  &  Harbour. 


LYTHRTJM  ALATUM,  Pursh.  —  Plains  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

1  STENOSIPHON,  Spach.  Tube  of  the  calyx  filiform  or  almost  capillary,  much  prolonged 
beyond  the  ovary,  recurved  or  declined  after  flowering,  at  length  deciduous  ;  the  limb 
4-parted,  much  shorter  than  the  tube.  Petals  4,  unguiculate,  unequal.  Stamens  8, 
erect,  the  alternate  ones  a  little  shorter  ;  filaments  capillary  ;  anthers  oblong,  fixed  by 
the  middle.  Ovary  oval,  1-celled,  with  4  suspended  ovules';  style  erect,  filiform,  dila- 
ted at  the  apex;  stigma  4-lobed.  Fruit  (very  small)  coriaceous  and  indehiscent,  ovate, 
convex  externally,  flatfish  within,  about  8-ribbed,  1-  seeded.  —  A  tall,  perennial  heib, 
with  virgate  branches,  and  scattered  linear-lanceolate,  sessile,  acute,  nerveless,  entire 
leaves,  gradually  reduced  to  bracts.  Flowers  (white)  sessile,  crowded,  in  long  and 
strict,  virgate  spikes.  T.  $'  (*.  Fl.  JN7.  Am. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.     ^  47 

L.OASACEJE. 

MENTZELIA  FUDA,  T.  &  G.  Eough  with  a  minute,  barbed  pubes- 
cence; stems  l°-3°  high,  white,  often  widely  branching;  leaves  lan- 
ceolate or  oblong-lanceolate,  sessile,  toothed  or  piunatitid,  with  sharp  or 
obtuse  spreading  teeth,  very  rough ;  flowers  large,  terminating  the 
branches,  vespertine,  bracteolate,  (not  bracteolate,  T.  &  G.);  petals  10, 
lanceolate,  tapering  at  the  base,  acute,  yellowish-white  with  numerous 
darker  veins,  I7  to  1J7  long;  stamens  very  numerous,  the  exterior  fila- 
ments petaloid  and  often  sterile,  the  others  filiform,  capsule-cylindrical, 
I7  or  more  long,  4"  wide,  3-valved  at  the  summit ;  seeds  numerous,  ovoid, 
with  a  broad,  membranous  wing. — Hall  &  Harbour,  569;  Dr.  Smith  ; 
B.  H.  Smith.  On  the  plains  near  Denver  and  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 
Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

MENTZELIA  ALBICAULIS,  Dougl.  Stem  67-187  high,  usually  branch- 
ing from  the  base,  white  and  polished  and  nearly  glabrous  below,  rather 
weak ;  leaves  lanceolate,  remote,  more  or  less  deeply  pinuatifid,  some- 
times repaud  or  nearly  entire,  scabrous,  sessile;  flowers  solitary  or  some- 
what clustered,  not  bracteolate ;  petals  obovate,  2"  long,  light-yellow, 
scarcely  exceeding  the  short,  subulate-lanceolate  calyx-segments;  fila- 
ments io-30,  subulate-filiform  or  occasionally  somewhat  dilated;  capsules 
cvlindric,  narrow,  elongated,  attenuate  at  base,  677  to  97/  long,  17/  to  1£77 
wide,  minutely  hispid ;  seeds  20-40. — Hall  &  Harbour,  571.  ^ear 
Denver,  Canby.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 
Frequent  on  the  plains  and  among  the  foot-hills. 

MENTZELIA  MULTLFLORA,  ]^utt.  PL  Gamb.  in  Jour.  Proc.  Acad. 
Phil  Feb.  1848,  under  Bartonia.  Steins  scabrous,  pubescent,  f°-l° 
high,  slender,  corymbosely  branched  above,  rough,  pubescent  or  becom- 
ing smooth  and  white  with  age;  leaves  lanceolate  or  narrowly  lanceo- 
late, sinuate-pinnatifid,  attenuate  below  and  sessile;  flowers  subtended 
by  1  or  2  ovate  or  linear,  entire  bracts  ;  petals  10,  deep  or  goldeii-yel- 
low,  oblong-oval,  obtuse  or  acute,  6/7-9/7  long,  abruptly  pointed, 
much  longer  than  the  subulate  calyx-segments;  capsules  cylindrical-ob- 
long, about  G/7-8/7  long,  3/7-477  wide,  a  little  longer  than  the  calyx- 
segments  ;  seeds  in  a  double  series,  winged. — Hall  &  Harbour,  570; 
Canby.  AVet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

MEXTZELIA  OLTGOSPE  R:\IA,  Xutt. — Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

MENTZELIA  WKIG-HTII,  Gr.  PI.  Fendl.,p.  48.  Annual,  rough-scabrous ; 
stems  simple  or  paniculate,  2°  high  ;  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  coarsely 
sinuate-deutate,  lowest  attenuate  into  a  petiole,  upper  ones  truncate  at 
base  or  somewhat  broadly  auriculate,  closely  sessile ;  bracteoles  1-2, 
linear,  entire,  equaling  the  ovary;  flowers  small,  ochroleucous;  petals  10, 
lanceolate-spatulate,  scarcely  surpassing  the  lobes  of  the  calyx,  shorter 
than  the  cylindrical  ovary ;  filaments  all  linear-subulate,  outer  ones  a 
little  dilated;  placentas  3-ruany  seeded;  seeds  winged. — Purgatory  River, 
Dr.  Bell. 


.,  var.  C^SPITOSA,  Eng.  Syn.  Proc.  Am. 
Ac.,  v.  3,  p.  9.  Csespitose ;  radial  spines  12-15,  setaceous,  straight,  puberu- 
lent,  white,  central  one  often  wanting ;  fiinbriate  sepals  and  yellow  pe- 

IMAMILLARIA,  Haw.  Sepals  aiid  petals  united  beyond  the  naked  ovary  into  a  shoit 
tube.  Berry  juicy,  oval  or  club-shaped.  Seeds  brown  or  black ;  embryo  straight, 
without  albumen  ;  cotyledons  very  short,  globose. — Low,  globose  or  oval  plants,  simple 
or  branched,  covered  with  spine-bearing  tubercles;  flowers  rising  from  the  axils  of  the 
tubercles,  usually  small,  about  as  wide  as  long,  opening  in  sunshine  only. 


48  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

tals  often  sparingly  denticulate  at  the  apex,  lanceolate  or  linear-Ian  cool  ate, 
acute  5  stigmas  5,  spreading;  berry  subglobose,  shorter  than  the  tuber- 
cles, red ;  seeds  globose,  serobiculate,  black.— Golden  City,  Greene. 

MAMILLARIA  VIVIPARA,  Haw.  Eng.  Syn.  /.  c.,  p.  13.  Simple,  oval,  the 
almost  terete  tubercles  bearing  fascicles  of  5-8  reddish-brown  spines,  sur- 
rounded by  15-20  grayish  oues  in  a  single  series ;  all  straight  and  very 
rigid  5  the  latter  5//-8'/ long;  the  former  even  10"  long  ;  flowers  purple, 
often  2'  or  more  in  diameter,  with  numerous  lance-subulate  petals  and 
fringed  sepals;  berry  oval,  green;  seed  pitted,  light-brown. — Foot-hills 
near  Long's  Peak,  Coulter.  Redfield. 

ECHINOCACTUS  l  SIMPSON!.-  Eng.  Simple,  globose  or  depressed,  with 
ovate  tubercles  like  a  ILainillaria,  bearing  20  outer  ash-colored  spines 
and  5-10  stouter,  darker,  inner  ones,  all  straight  and  rigid ;  flowers  from 
the  top  of  the  just  developing  tubercles,  small,  9"-12"  broad,  yellowish- 
green  to  purplish  ;  scales  on  the  ovary  very  few ;  berry  small,  dry,  with 
few  black,  tuberculated  seeds. — Near  Canon  City,  Brandegee  ;  Greene. 

CEREUS2  VIRIDIFLORUS,  Eng.  Syn.  1.  c.  p.  22.  Ovate  or  at  length 
cylindrical,  simple  or  sparingly  branched,  l'-2'  high ;  ribs  about  13  ;  are- 
olae  ovate-lanceolate  ;  spines  strictly  radiating,  12-18,  with  2-(>  superior, 
setaceous  ones,  the  rest  lateral,  longer,  the  lower  frequently  purplish- 
brown,  the  others  white;  central  one  often  wanting,  when  present,  stouter, 
solitary,  variegated;  flowers  lateral  towards  the  apex,  yellow,  becoming 
green  ;  berries  elliptical,  small ;  seeds  tuberculated. — Canon  City,  Bran- 
degee ;  Coulter. 

CEREUS  FENDLERI,  Eng.  Syn.  I.  c.  p.  25.  Stems  3' -8'  high,  not 
many  from  the  same  base,  ovate-cylindrical ;  ribs  9-12;  areoLe  rather 
crowded  ;  spines  very  variable,  always  bulbous  at  base,  radial  ones  7-10, 
straight  or  curved,  6"-12"  long,  white  and  brown,  lower  ones  stronger, 
central  one  stout,  curved  above,  dark-brown,  often  elongated,  l'-2'  long ; 
the  flowers  lateral  below  the  top,  large,  2/-3/  in  diameter,  of  a  deep  pur- 
ple color,  diurnal;  berry  I'-IJ7  long,  edible;  seed  oblique,  deeply  and 
irregularly  pitted  by  the  confluence  of  many  of  the  tubercles. — Canon 
City,  Brandegee;  Greene. 

CEREUS  GON ACANTHUS,  Eng.  &  Big.  Pac.  R.  R.,  4,  p.  33.  Ovate, 
simple  or  sparingly  branched  from  the  base,  7-ribbed;  areolje  large, 
orbicular,  distant;  spines  robust,  angled,  straight  or  variously  curved  ; 
radial  ones  8,  yellowish,  often  blackish  at  base  and  apex,  8//-15//  long, 
the  upper  one  much  larger  than  the  others,  1J'-2J'  long,  nearly  equaling 
the  central  one,  w.hich  is  remarkably  stout,  angular,  and  chaneled  ;  flow- 
ers scarlet,  open  day  and  night. — Caiion  City,  Brandegee.  Pueblo,  Greene. 

J  ECHIXOCACTUS,  Link  &  Otto.  Sepals  and  petals  united  beyond  the  sepal-bearing 
ovary  into  a  short  tube.  Berry  globose  or  oval,  juicy  or  dry,  covered  with  scales  and 
sometimes  with  wool.  Seeds  brown  or  black  ;  embryo  usually  curved  over  a  small  al- 
bumen ;  cotyledons  short,  foliaceous,  parallel  to  the  sides  of  tlie  seed.  Globose  or  oval, 
mostly  simple,  generally  many  ribbed  with  bunches  of  spines  on  the  ribs,  rarely  tu- 
berculated; flowers  near  the  top,  just  above  and  close 'to  the  spines  of  the  same  season, 
usually  large,  as  wide  as  long,  open  only  in  sunshine. 

2  CEREUS,  Haw.  Sepals  and  petals  united  above  the  sepal-bearing  ovary  into  a  short, 
or,  usually,  long  tube.  Berry  juicy,  globose  or  oval,  beset  with  scales  (sometimes  rather 
indistinct)  or  spines.  Seeds  brown  or  black ;  embryo  straight  or  usually  curved,  with- 
out albumen ;  cotyledons  short  or  foliaceous,  commonly  contrary  to  the  sides  of  the 
seed.  Globose  or  oval,  or  mostly  cylindric  or  columnar,  few  or  many  ribbed,  usually 
branched,  bearing  bunches  of  spines  on  the  ribs  ;  flowers  lateral,  just  above  and  close 
to  the  spines  of  previous  seasons,  usually  large,  fully  open  in  sunlight  or  at  night,  or 
rarely,  permanently. 

The  above  species  belong  to  ^Eclilnoccrens,  Eng.  Heads  commonly  many,  low,  oval 
or  cylindric ;  flowers  short,  mostly  as  wide  as  long;  ovary  covered  with  bunches  of 
spines  ;  stigmas  green  ;  seeds  small,  tuberculated  ;  cotyledons  short,  straight. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA   OF    COLORADO.  49 

CEREUS  PHCENICEUS,  Eng.  Syn.  1.  c.,  p.  28.  Heads  2'-3'  high, 
2'  thick,  generally  forming  dense  hemispherical  masses  1°  or  more  in 
diameter,  ovate  or  subglobose,  9-11  ribbed;  areolae  ovate-orbiculate, 
somewhat  crowded  ;  spines  setaceous,  straight,  radial  ones  3-12,  up- 
per ones  a  little  shorter,  central  ones  1-3,  bulbous  at  base,  terete,  a 
little  stronger,  5"-10"  long,  lowest  one  longest;  stamens  shorter  than 
the  petals  ;  stigmas  6-8.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee  ;  Greene. 

CEREUS  CONOIDEUS,  Eng.  &  Big.  P.  R.  R.,  vol.  4,  p.  35.  Heads 
3'-4'  high,  few  from  one  base,  of  unequal  height,  ovate,  acutish  towards 
the  apex,  conoid,  9-11  ribbed;  radial  spines  10-12,  slender,  rigid;  upper 
ones  2"-5"  long,  lateral  ones  6"-15";  upper  central  spines  hardly  longer 
than  the  lateral  ones,  lower  one  l'-3'  long,  angular  and  often  compressed. 

—  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

CEREUS  PAUCISPINUS,  Eng.  Syn.  1.  c.,  p.  29.  Stem  5'-9'  high, 
2'-3'  in  diameter,  ovate-cylindrical,  sparingly  branching  or  simple,  5-7 
ribbed;  areolae  remote;  spines  strong,  9"-16"  long,  dark-colored,  radial 
3-6,  central  wanting  or  rare,  stout,  subangled.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

OPUNTIA  CAMANCHICA,  Eng.  &  Big.  Syn.  I.  c.,  p.  37.  Large, 
prostrate,  extensively  spreading,  joints  ascending,  6'-7'  long,  subor- 
biculate  ;  pulvillre  remote,  numerous,  armed  ;  set*  straw-colored  or 
brownish,  few  ;  spines  1-3,  compressed,  brownish,  paler  at  the  apex, 
!J7-3'  long,  upper  ones  elongated,  suberect,  the  others  deflexed;  berry 
large,  juicy,  ovate,  widely  uinbilicate;  seeds  2"-3"  in  diameter,  angled, 
deeply  notched  at  the  hilum.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

OPUNTIA  EAFINESQUII,    Eug.    Syn.   1.  c.,    p.    39.    Very  variable. 

—  Gallon  City,  Brandegee. 

OPUNTIA  MISSOURIENSIS,  DC.  Eng.  Syn.  1.  c.,  p.  43.  Gray's  Manual, 
p.  185.  Presenting  a  great  variety  of  forms.  —  Caiion  City,  Brandegee. 
Foot-hills  near  Denver,  Coulter.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Frequent  in 
broad  patches  on  the  plains  and  in  the  mountains. 

OPUNTIA  ARBORESCENS,  Eng.  Syn.  1.  c.,  p.  51.  Arborescent, 
5°-6°  high,  (but  further  south  10°-20°  or  more;)  branches  numerous, 
verticillate,  horizontal,  or  pendulous  ;  joints  verticillate,  cylindrical  ; 
tubercles  cristate,  prominent  ;  spines  8-30,  divaricately  stellate  ;  berry 
sub-hemispherical,  tuberculate-cristate,  yellow,  unarmed;  seeds  regu- 
lar. —  The  woody  portion  of  the  stems,  deprived  of  the  parenchyma,  is 
often  manufactured  into  canes.  Abundant  along  the  Arkansas  east  of 
the  mountains,  Porter.  Cation  City,  Brandegee. 

CUCURBITACEJE. 

CUCURBIT  A  PERENNIS,  Gr.  PL  Lindh.  Pt.  2,  p.  193.  Boot  fleshy,  very 
large,  6'-3°  thick,  fusiform,  yellow  inside  ;  steins  trailing  on  the  ground  ; 
leaves  strigose-canescent,  cordate-ovate  or  triangular,  narrowed  above, 
undivided  or  subsiuuate-repand,  margin  denticulate;  lobes  of  the 
calyx  subulate,  equal  to  the  tube  ;  fruit  globose,  yellow,  2/-3/  in  diame- 
ter. —  Plains  and  prairies  east  of  the  mountains,  Porter.  Xear  Canon 
City,  Brandegee  ;  Redfield. 

ECHINOCYSTIS  LOBATA,  T.  &  G.  Gray's  Manual,  p.  187.  —  ]tfear  Den- 
ver, Dr.  Smith. 


CICUTA  MACULATA,  L.  —  Plains  of  the  Platte,  June,  Coulter. 
SIUM  LINEARE,  MX.  —  Weston's  Pass  and  White  House  Mountain  at 
11,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 
4  F  c 


50          SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

SIUM  ANGUSTIFOLIUM,  L. — Near  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Denver, 
Porter. 

OSMORRHIZA  NUDA,  Torr.  P.  R.  R.,  4,  p.  93.  Petioles  and  lower  part 
of  the  stems  strigosely  pubescent ;  leaflets  broadly  ovate,  often  deeply 
3-lobed,  coarsely  dentate-serrate;  peduncles  elongated;  involucre  and 
involucels  none,  or  occasionally  present  though  small ;  umbel  4-rayed, 
rays  4-6  flowered ;  styles  very  short,  fruit  obtuse,  shorter  than  the  pedi- 
cels. Too  near  0.  brevistyla  of  the  Eastern  States. — Hall  &  Harbour. 
Sierra  Mojado,  Brandegee. 

CYMOPTERUS1  GrLOMERATUS,  DC.  Eoot  thick  and|fusiform ;  plant  3'-$' 
high ;  caudex  about  I/high,  sometimes  divided,  bearing  the  leaves  and  pe- 
duncles at  the  summit ;  leaves  on  long  petioles,  ternately-divided  and  bi- 
pinnatifid,  segments  oblong-linear;  rays  of  the  umbel  4-6,  very  short;  pe- 
duncles much  shorter  than  leaves,  6//-12//  long;  flowers  white,  those  of 
the  center  abortive,  pedicellate;  leaflets  of  the  palmately  5-7  parted  in- 
volucel  coherent  at  base  and  partly  adnate  to  the  rays  of  the  mnbellets ; 
calyx-teeth  subulate;  fruit  elliptical,  4"  long,  wings  thickened  and  some- 
what spongy,  more  or  less  obsolete;  vitta3  in  each  interval  3-4,  in  the 
commissure  about  8. — Hall  &  Harbour,  210.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 
Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 

CYMOPTERUS  MONTANUS,  Nutt.  Eoot  long  and  fleshy;  stem  2/-6/ 
high;  caudex  6"-18"  long,  erect,  sheathed  at  base;  leaves  glaucous, 
ovate  in  outline,  bipinnately  divided,  segments  rather  few  and  distant, 
about  3-4  pairs,  oblong-linear,  rather  obtuse ;  peduncles  shorter  or 
longer  than  the  leaves;  involucre  and  involucel  somewhat  campanu- 
late,  scarious,  about  5-parted,  segments  oblong,  obtuse,  entire  or  5-cleft, 
with  greenish  ribs;  flowers  white,  polygamous;  calyx-teeth  minute, 
ovate ;  fruit  about  3"  long,  the  integuments  thick  and  opaque  so  as  to 
conceal  the  vitta3,  commissure  with  4  vitta3;  carpophore  persistent, 
2-parted;  wings  6-10,  broad  and  membranous,  often  unequal;  seed  more 
or  less  involute.— .HiaM  &  Harbour,  211.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Plains 
near  Denver,  Coulter. 

CYMOPTERUS  ALPINUS,  Gr.  Sill.  Jour.,  (N~.  &,)  32,  p.  408.  Caudex 
c»3spitose;  leaves  pinnatlsect,  pinnae,  3-5,  approximate,  3-7  parted, 
segments  linear-lanceolate,  acutish  or  mucronate,  very  entire,  or  the 
lower  2-3  cleft;  scape  2/-4/  high,  bearing  a  subcapitate  umbel,  a  little 
longer  than  the  leaves;  iuvolucels  somewhat  one-sided,  5-7  parted,  seg- 
ments linear  or  lanceolate,  green,  equaling  the  golden  flowers;  teeth  of 
the  calyx  lanceolate,  subulate,  persistent;  wings  of  the  fruit  equal,  some- 
what erose,  scarcely  undulate;  vittse  1-2  in  the  intervals,  4  in  the  com- 
missure; carpophore  none;  fruit  2//-3//  long.  High  alpine. — Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 213;  Parry,  158;  Canby.  Summit  of  Pike's  Peak,  Porter.  Mount 
Lincoln  at  13,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

CYMOPTERUS?  ANISATUS,  Gr.  Proc.  Ac.  Phil, March,I863, p. 33.  Acau- 
lescent,  csespitose  from  the  much-branched  caudex,  glabrous ;  leaves 

CYMOPTERUS,  Raf.  Calyx-teeth  rather  prominent  and  setaceous  or  lanceolate,  mi- 
nute or  obsolete.  Petals  ovate,  oblong  or  oblanceolate,  inflexed,  quasi-einarginate. 
Disk  flattened  around  the  styles,  undulate-margined.  Fruit  ovate  or  elliptical,  obtuse 
or  retiise,  subterete  or  slightly  compressed  dorsally;  carpels  semi-terete;  ribs  thick 
and  elevated,  all  or  only  the  lateral  ones  or  those  opposite  to  the  calyx-teeth  ex- 
panded into  wings ;  vittse  numerous,  narrow.  Carpophore  2-parted,  free  or  attached 
to  the  carpels.  Seeds  much  compressed  dorsally  and  more  or  less  concave  on  the  face. 
— Perennial  and  subeyespitose,  with  a  thickened  caudex ;  leaves  pinnately  decompound, 
with  narrow,  small  or  incisely  pinnatitid  segments ;  umbels  compound,  usually  few- 
rayed  ;  involucral  bracts  1-2  or  none ;  of  the  iuvolucels  several,  very  narrow  or  broad 
and  membranous;  flowers  white  or  yellow.  Eenth.  $  Hook. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         51 

4'-6'  long,  erect,  narrow,  on  long  petioles,  somewhat  rigid,  pinnate,  the 
leaflets  6-10  pairs,  piunately  parted,  segments  entire  or  laciniately 
lobed,  linear,  pungently  acute;  scapes  equaling  or  exceeding  the  leaves, 
6/-12/  high;  rays  6-12,  unequal;  involucre  usually  none;  involucels  of 
6-8  linear,  subulate  leaflets,  equaling  the  white  flowers;  calyx-teeth  con- 
spicuous, linear-subulate,  foliaceous;  fruit  2"  long,  irregularly  winged, 
the  lateral  ribs  and  the  dorsal  one  usually  broader,  rather  thick,  and  not 
membranous ;  vittse  obscure,  1  in  each  narrow  interval,  2-4  in  the  com- 
missure ;  seeds  slightly  concave,  somewhat  crenately  sulcate  under  the 
dorsal  intervals. — In  the  mountains.  Sail  &  Harbour,  222;  Canby. 

MuSENiUM1  TRACHYSPERMUM,  ISTutt.  Decumbent ;  leaves  bipinnati- 
fid,  segments  pinnatifid,  rather  obtuse,  lobes  often  2-3  cleft  and  very 
short,  rachis  wide;  involucel  about  8  leaved,  short;  fruit  short,  oval, 
pulverulently-scabrous.  Near  M.  divaricatum,  Xutt,  but  smaller.  Fruit 
only  half  as  large,  nearly  as  broad  as  long. — Hall  &  Harbour,  214. 

MUSENIUM  GREENII,  Gr.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  Feb.,  1872,  v.  8,  p.  387.  Stem- 
less  ;  leaves  all  from  a  caudex  squamose  at  the  summit,  almost  simply 
pinnate,  narrow ;  leaflets  7-9,  on  a  rachis  margined  only  above,  sessiley 
subovate  in  outline,  piunately  5-7  lobed  and  few-toothed,  teeth  and  lobes 
sharp ;  scapes  more  than  a  span  high,  wholly  naked;  umbels  short- 
rayed;  involucels  of  3  or  4  subulate  bracts,  nearly  equaling  the  subsessile, 
yellow  flowers ;  fruit  2"  long,  oblong,  very  obtuse,  truncate,  smooth,, 
crowned  with  the  ovate,  subulate  calyx-teeth ;  ribs  rather  prominent, 
very  narrow;  vittse between,  1-2,  large;  beneath, solitary,  small. — Mount- 
ains above  Golden  City,  Greene. 

LiauSTiouM  APIIFOLIUM,  Benth.  &  Hook.,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  7,  p.  347. 
( Cynopium,  Nutt.J  Stems  2°-4°  high,  terete,  leafy  or  naked,  branching 
towards  the  summit,  with  2-4  umbels  on  long  peduncles;  leaves  piu- 
nately decompound,  the  segments  incisely  lobed,  acute;  cauline  leaves 
teruate,  upon  a  short  dilated  sheath;  involucre  none;  involucel  few- 
leaved,  lateral;  calyx-teeth  obsolete;  the  stylopodia  rather  prominent, 
with  a  somewhat  \lilated  crenate  margin ;  fruit  2J"  long,  oval,  with 
acutely  carinate  ribs;  seeds  concave  on  the  face,  with  a  central  longitudi- 
nal ridge. — Platte  River  and  in  the  Sierra  Madre  Eange,  Coulter.  Wet 
Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Hall  &  Harbour,  218. 

LIGUSTICUM  SCOPULORUM,  Gr.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  1,  p.  347.  Rather  stout,. 
2°-4°  high ;  leaves  pinnately  decompound,  segments  ovate,  deeply  incised,, 
teeth  very  acute;  fruit  elliptical-oblong,  4"  long;  wings  narrow,  thick- 
ened, intermediate  and  dorsal  1-2,  often  obsolete;  vittse  marked,  rather 
large,  in  all  the  intervals  3,  in  the  lateral  ones  sometimes  4;  section  of 
the  seed  almost  reniform.  Alpine  and  subalpiue. — Hall  &  Harbour,  216.. 
Gailon  City,  Brandegee.  Xear  Denver,  Canby. 

LIGUSTICUM  MONTANUM,  Gr.  ( Tliaspium  montanum,  Gr.  PI.  Fendl,  p.. 
57,)  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  7,  p.  347.  Very  smooth;  stem  erect,  slender,  from  a 
thick  fusiform  root,  l°-2°  high;  leaves  twice  ternately  divided;  leafletscu- 
neiform,  trifid,  lobes  oblong  or  lanceolate,  sometimes  linear,  entire,  or  the 

'MUSENIUM,  Nutt.  Margin  of  the  calyx  5-toothed ;  the  teeth  persistent.  Petals 
obovate;  the  point  inflexed.  Styles  slender,  reflexed,  rather  long.  Fruit  ovate  or 
ovate-oblong,  laterally  compressed.  Carpels  more  or  less  minutely  scabrous,  with  5 
filiform,  acute,  slightly  prominent  ribs.  Intervals  with  2-3  vittas.  Commissure  with 
4  vitt*.  Carpophore  2-cleft.  Seed  with  the  sides  moderately  incurved. — Perennial, 
dwarf,  rather  foetid,  resiuiferous  (North  American)  herbs,  with  fusiform  roots  and  a- 
short  caudex,  or  branching  dichotomously  from  the  base.  Leaves  2-3  piuuatitid.  In- 
volucre none.  Involucels  unilateral,  of  a  few  rather  rigid  narrow  leaflets.  Flowers 
yellow  or  white.  T.  $  G.  Fl.  N.  Am. 


52 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 


larger  ones  incised ;  petioles  with  a  long  dilated,  spathaeeous  base;  in- 
volucre none;  involucel  of  about  9  setaceous,  unequal  leaflets,  equaling 
the  pedicels;  flowers  bright-yellow;  fruit  l£"-2"  long,  oblong-oval  or 
nearly  orbicular,  marginal  wings  broad ;  the  strong  vitta3  single  or  double. 
Foliage  variable. — Hall  &  Harbour,  217;  Porter;  Hoopes.  Sierra  Madre 
Range,  at  11,500  feet  altitude,  and  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

THASPIUM  TRIFOLIATUM,  Gr. — Near  Gallon  City  and  Wet  Mountain 
Valley,  Brandegee. 

THASPIUM  TRACHYPLEURUM,  Gr.— Proc.  Acad.  PML  March,  1863,  p. 
63.  Glabrous;  stem  1°  or  more  high,  striate,  1-3  leaved,  bearing  2-3 
umbels  on  long  peduncles;  leaves  ternately  decompound,  segments  fili- 
form, rnucronulate;  petioles  dilated  at  base,  not  scarious-margined ;  in- 
volucre and  involucel  of  1-3  small,  subulate  leaflets;  flowers  yellow; 
fruit  twin-ovate,  laterally  compressed,  transverse  section  of  the  meri- 
carps  almost  orbicular ;  ridges  or  wings  5,  similar,  thick,  suberose,  very 
obtuse,  scabrous,  one  strong  vitta  in  each  of  the  intervals. — Hall  & 
Harbour,  215;  Median.  South  Park,  Porter.  Saint  Vrain  Canon,  Bear 
Greek  and  Boulder  Canon,  Coulter.  Grand  Caiiou  of  the  Arkansas, 
Brandegee. 

SESELi1  HAILLII,  Gr.  Proc.  Am.  Ac.,  June,  1870,  v.  8,  p.  288.  Acauies- 
cent  from  a  stout  caudex  branching  at  the  summit;  lea  vespinnati  sect,  3-5 
pairs,  segments  cuneate  or  oblong,  incised  or  pinuatind,  lobes  3-7, 
short,  mucronate,  sometimes  sparingly  toothed;  scape  very  simple, 
naked,  surpassing  the  leaves,  slender,  10'  high ;  rays  of  the  umbel  4-8, 
short,  elongated  after  flowering;  iuvolucel  deeply  parted,  divisions  ovate, 
3-cleft  at  the  summit,  longer  than  the  yellow  flowers;  fruit  narrowly  ob- 
long, very  smooth,  much  longer  than  the  very  short  pedicel;  teeth  of  the 
calyx  short,  not  persistent;  vitta3  in  the  intervals  large,  often  with  very 
small  accessory  ones  in  each  rib ;  section  of  the  seed  transverse,  sub- 
quadrate. — Hall  &  Harbour,  221.  Bear  Creek,  17  miles  west  of  Denver, 
Vasey.  Near  Denver,  Coulter. 

ARCHANGELICA  GMELINI,  DC. — Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Cafion 
City,  Brandegee.  Weston's  Pass  and  Mount  Lincoln,  at  12,500  feet  alti- 
tude, Coulter.  Hall  &  Harbour,  219. 

ARCHEMORA  FENDLERI,  Gr.,  PI.  Fendl,  p.  56.  Boot  fasciculate-tuber- 
ose; tubers  3-4,  oblong,  about  V ;  stem  simple,  slender,  l°-2°  high; 
leaves  pinnate  5-7  foliolate,  leaflets  f'-lj'  long,  those  of  the  radical  and 
lower  cauline  ones  ovate  or  oblong,  all  incisely  serrate  throughout; 
petioles  spathaeeous  at  base;  involucels  none;  umbels  small;  fruit 
small,  hardly  2"  in  length ;  oval,  the  wing-like  margins  narrower  than  the 
disk;  vittae  of  the  commissure  4,  of  which  2  are  shorter;  flowers  white. 
— Hall  &  Harbour,  220.  "  In  subalpine  woods,"  near  Cafion  City,  Bran- 
degee. Mount  Lincoln,  at  12,500  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

PEUCEDANUM  (?)  NUDICAULE,  Nutt.  (?)  Caulescent  or  sometimes 
scarcely  so,  minutely  prninose-pubesceut,  3'-15'  high;  leafy  only  at 
base;  leaves  bipinnateor  ternate-bipinnate,  the  segments  incisely  lobed 
with  usually  rather  broad  and  subacute  divisions;  umbel  somewhat 
^capitate  in  flower,  with  8-12  rays;  involucre  none;  involucels  unilateral, 

1  SESELI,  L.  Margin  of  the  calyx  5-toothed,  teeth  short,  somewhat  thick'ened.  Petals 
obovate,  coarctate  in  an  inflexed  point,  emarginate  or  subentire.  Fruit  oval  or  oblong, 
eubterete  in  the  transverse  section,  crowned  by  the  reflexed  styles.  Ribs  of  the  meri 
carp  5,  slightly  prominent  or  elevated,  thickened  and  corky  ;  lateral  ones  marginal  and 
often  a  little  broader.  Intervals  with  a  single  vittae,  rarely  2-3  vitta}.  Carpophore 
2-cleft.  Albumen  sub-serniterete. — Koch,  FL  Germ. 


SYNOPSIS    OF   THE   FLORA   OF   COLORADO.  53 

of  6-10  membranously  margined,  more  or  less  united  bracts ;  petals 
white,  with  an  attenuated  apex  and  quasi- obcordate;  calyx-teeth  short; 
fruit  pubescent,  broadly  oval,  3"-4"  long  and  3"  broad,  the  thickish 
wing  more  than  half  as  wide  as  the  seed;  vittse  3  in  the  intervals,  6 
upon  the  commissure,  conspicuous;  seed  flattened. — Hall  &  Harbour,  212. 

SANICULA  MARLLANDICA,  L. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Ute  Pass,  at 
9,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

DAUCUS  CAROTA,  L. — Xear  Canon  City,  Brandegee.    Introduced. 

HERACLEUM  LANATUM,  MX. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Plains  of  the 
Platte  and  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

JtBAUACJB. 

ADOXA1  MOSCHATELLINA,  L.  Perennial,  small  and  slender,  herba- 
ceous, 3'  high;  root  tuberous ;  radical  leaves  2-3  ternately  compound,  on 
long  petioles,  the  cauline  solitary,  1-2  ternate  or  incised ;  flowers  4-6, 
greenish,  in  a  terminal  capitulum,  the  lateral  ones  mostly  pentamerous, 
the  terminal  tetramerous. — An  alpine  plant  found  also  in  the  north  of 
Europe  and  Asia.  It  exhales  the  odor  of  musk. — "Subalpine ;  common  f 
Hall  &  Harbour,  223;  Meehan.  Mount  Lincoln,  at  13,000  feet  altitude, 
Coulter. 

CORTVACEJ:. 

CORNUS  CANADENSIS,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour  ;  Parry,  437. 

CORNUS  PUBESCENS,  Nutt.  ( C.  sericea,  p.  (?)  occidental^  T.  and  G.)  Shrub 
6°  8°  high  ;  branches  sub-erect,  branchlets  spreading,  more  or  less  red- 
dish, puberuleut  when  young;  leaves  l£'-4'  long,  ovate  or  elliptical,  acute 
or  acuminate,  slightly  pubescent,  pale  beneath,  obtuse  or  acute  at  base; 
cymes  crowded,  pubescent,  li'-2'  in  diameter ;  calyx-teeth  minute ;  petals 
white,  oblong-lanceolate,  rather  obtuse ;  stigma  small,  capitate ;  drupe 
subglobose,  white,  becoming  lead-color. — "  Without  the  calyx-teeth,  en- 
larged stigma,  and  woolly  pubescence  of  C.  sericea,  and  nearer  to  C. 
stolonij'era."  Watson. — Platte  River,  Coulter. 

CAPRIFOLIACE^:. 

LINXJEA  BOREALIS,  Gronov. — Hall  &  Harbour,  224 ;  Dr.  Smith.  Mount 
Lincoln  at  10,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

SYMPHORICARPUS  MONTANUS,  H.  B.  K.  Shrub,  2°-4°  high,  branching 
widely  ;  leaves  very  variable,  orbicular,  ovate,  or  ovate-lanceolate,  acute 
or  obtuse,  entire  or  sharply  cleft  and  lobed,  soft-pubescent  and  ciliate  or 
wholly  glabrous  and  often  glaucous,  J'-IJ'  long ;  flowers  axillary,  solitary 
on  the  ends  of  the  short,  leafy  branches";  bracts  much  shorter  than  the 
ovary;  teeth  of  the  calyx  obtuse,  glabrous  or  ciliate;  corolla  tubular  or 
funnel-form,  2//-6//,  nearly  glabrous  within,  usually  light  pink  ;  stamens 
and  style  included ;  fruit  globular  or  oblong,  white. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
225.  Canon  City,  Brandegee  ;  Canby.  Upper  Arkansas,  Porter.  Wes- 
ton's  Pass,  at  11,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

1  ADOXA,  L.  Flowers  perfect.  Tube  of  the  calyx  coherent  with  the  lower  part  of  the 
ovary;  the  lirnb  slightly  2-3  cleft.  Petals  4-5  inserted  on  the  limb  of  the  calyx,  united 
at  the  base,  spreading.  Stamens  4-5,  each  filament  2-parted;  the  divisions  bearing  each 
a  single:celled  peltate  anther.  Styles  4-5,subulate.  Fruit  an  herbaceous  and  juicy  berry, 
4-5  celled,  each  cell  with  a  single  suspended  seed.  Seeds  compressed,  with  a  membrana- 
ceous  margin. — T.  4-  G.  Fl.  N.  Am. 


54  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

SYMPHORICARPUS  OCCIDENT ALIS,  K.  Br. — Hall  &  Harbour,  227. 
Canon  City,  Brandegee.  B.  H.  Smith.  Near  Denver  and  Colorado 
Springs,  Porter. 

LONICERA  INVOLUCRATA,  Banks. — Hall  &  Harbour,  226.  Near  Den- 
v^r,  Dr.  Smith.  Along  streams  in  the  foot-hills  and  among  the  moun- 
tains, Porter.  Mount  Lincoln,  at  13,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

SAMBUCUS  RACEMOSA,  L.,  var.  PUBENS,  Watson.  (S.  pubens,  MX.) 
— Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Chicago  Lakes,  at  10,000  feet  alti- 
tude, Mount  Lincoln,  at  12,000  feet,  and  Mount  of  the  Holy  Cross, 
Coulter. 

VIBURNUM  PAUCIFLORUM,  Pylaie. — Hall  &  Harbour,  228. 

RUB1ACE42. 

GALIUM  APARINE,  L. — Near  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Plains  of  the 
Platte,  Coulter. 

GALIUM  ASPERRIMUM,  Gr.  PL  Fendl.,  p.  60.  Stems  diffuse,  prickly 
backward  on  the  angles;  leaves  all  in  sixes,  lanceolate,  attenuate  at 
base,  or  the  lower  obovate-lanceolate  and  f  long,  bristly-acuminate, 
glabrous,  shining,  very  rough-prickly  backwards  on  the  margins  and  keel 
beneath,  those  of  the  branches  small,  much  shorter  than  the  peduncle ; 
cymes  paniculate,  several-flowered,  dichotomous ;  corolla  2"  in  diameter ; 
petals  3-nerved,  ovate,  acuminate,  white,  rather  large;  ovary  densely 
covered  with  short  uucinate  hairs. — Cucharas  Eiver,  Huerfano  County, 
Greene. 

GALIUM  TRIFIDUM,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  230. 

GALIUM  TRIFLORUM,  MX. — Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

GALIUM  BOREALE,  L.  Very  common  everywhere  among  the  moun- 
tains and  exhibiting  a  great  diversity  of  forms. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
229;  B.  H.  Smith;  Coulter. 

VALER1ANACEJE. 

VALERIANA  DIOICA,  L.,  var.  SYLVATICA,  Watson.  (V.  sylvatica, 
Kichards.) — Hall  &  Harbour,  231;  Parry  ;  Brandegee;  Dr.  Smith;  Meehan. 
Twin  Lakes  and  Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 

VALERIANA  EDULIS,  Nutt.— Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee.  Clear  Creek  Canon  and  Bear  Creek,  Coulter. 

COMPOSITE. 

LIATRIS  PUNCTATA,  Hook.  Stems  8'-3°  high  from  a  thick,  knotted, 
fusiform  root,  glabrate,  leafy  to  the  top ;  leaves  linear,  rigid,  strongly 
punctate  on  both  sides,  glabrous  or  their  margins  sometimes  cili- 
ate,  lower  ones  3'-5'  long,  slightly  3-iierved,  I'1 -3"  wide,  pungently 
acute;  heads  in  a  dense  spike,  4'-10'  long,  4-6  flowered;  flowers 
reddish-purple;  scales  of  the  cylindraceoiis  involucre  oblong,  strongly 
punctate,  imbricated,  appressed,  with  mucronate,  acuminate,  rather 
spreading  tips,  margins  woolly-ciliate;  bristles  of  the  pappus  about  30, 
purplish  or  white,  very  plumose;  achenia  hairy. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
315;  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith.  North  Park,  Dr.  Hay  den.  Eather  com- 
mon on  the  plains  around  Denver  and  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.          55 

LiATRis  SCARIOSA,  Willd. — South  Park,  Canby  ;  Porter.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee.  Plains  near  Denver,  Coulter. 

PECTIS^  Pectidopsis)  ANGUSTIFOLIA,  Torr.,  Ann.  JV.  T.  Lye.  2,  p.  214. 
Annual,  very  low,  more  or  less  branching  from  the  base,  nearly  gla- 
brous; leaves  opposite,  narrowly  linear,  punctate  with  large  pellucid 
glands,  somewhat  connate  at  base,  margins  below  fringed  with  a  few 
bristles;  heads  on  short  peduncles  on  the  ends  of  the  branches;  flowers 
yellow,  those  of  the  ray  7-8. — "  Gravelly  banks  of  streams."  Hall  & 
Harbour,  297.  STear  Grand  Canon  of  the  Arkansas,  Redfield. 

KUHNIA  EUPATORIOIDES,  L.,  var.  GRACiLis,  T.  &  G.  Leaves  numerous, 
shorter,  linear  and  mostly  entire,  minutely  pubescent,  revolute  on  the 
margins;  corymbs  loose,  paniculate. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Near  Den- 
ver, Dr.  Smith. 

EUPATORIUM  PURPUREUM,  L. — Near  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

EUPATORIUM  BERLANDIERI,  DC.  (E.  ageratifolium,  DC.,  var.  Texense, 
T.  &  G.)  DC.  Prod.  5,  p.  167.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  2,  p.  76;  also  var.  her- 
baceum,  Gr.  PL  Wright.,  2,  p.  74.  "Shrubby,  glabrous;  branches  terete, 
8triate;  leaves  opposite,  petioled,  ovate,  acuminate,  entire  at  base  and 
apex  with  a  few  crenate  teeth  between,  not  glandular ;  branches  oppo- 
site, corymbose  at  the  apex;  heads  pedicillate,  about  25-flowered;  scales 
of  the  involucre  in  about  2  series,  linear,  acuminate ;  acheiiium  angled, 
slightly  scabrous  on  the  angles;  pappus  almost  twice  shorter  than  the 
corolla." 

Yar.  Stem  suffruticose  only  at  base,  minutely  puberulent  above  but 
not  glandular ;  leaves  cordate  or  triangular-cordate,  larger  ones  2'  long, 
iy  broad,  3-uerved ;  scales  of  the  involucre  lanceolate  or  lauce-linear ; 
pedicels  somewhat  glandular ;  pappus  nearly  equaling  the  corolla ; 
achenia  slightly  scabrous  on  the  angles. — Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brande- 
gee. 

BRiCKELLiA2  CALIFORNICA,  Gr.  Scurfy -puberuleut ;  stems  numerous 
from  a  woody  base,  1J°  high,  branching;  leaves  9"-20"  long,  thickish, 
alternate,  petioled,  deltoid-ovate  or  subcordate,  acutish,  dentate,  ob- 
scurely 3-uerved  from  the  base,  the  under  surface  reticulated;  heads 
medium-sized,  nearly  sessile  in  short  axillary  racemes,  10-12  flowered; 
involucral  scales  imbricated,  obtuse,  the  outer  ones  appressed,  very 
short,  inner  ones  erect,  elongated;  achenia  minute,  finely  pubescent, 
obscurely  striate;  pappus  scabrous. — Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

BRICKELLIA  GRANDIFLORA,  Nutt.  Stem  2°-2£°  high,  rather  stout, 
paniculate  at  summit;  leaves  cordate-triangular,  about  2'  long,  opposite 
or  alternate,  loug-petioled,  coarsely  serrate,  glabrous  or  slightly  pubes- 
cent, dotted  with  resinous  globules  beneath ;  heads  middle-sized  or 
very  large,  glomerate  at  the  ends  of  the  panicled  branches,  about  30- 
flowered ;  involucral  scales  in  several  series,  imbricated,  outer  ones 

<PECTTS,  L.  Heads  many-flowered ;  the  flowers  of  the  ray  in  a  single  series,  ligulate 
pistillate;  those  of  the 'disk  perfect,  tubular.  Involucre  cylindrieal-campanulate  ; 
the  scales  about  8,  in  a  single  series,  somewhat  eonduplicate.  Receptacle  naked. 
Corolla  of  the  disk  5-toothed,  regular.  Branches  of  the  style  semi-cylindrical ;  short. 
Achenia  crowded  with  a  very  short  scarious  minutely  about  5-toothed  and  somewhat 
lacerate  pappus.  T.  $•  G.  Ft.  ^V.  Am. 

*  BRICKELLIA,  Ell.,  Gray,  in  PL  Wrlylit,  1,  p.  84.  Heads  4-50  flowered.  Involucre  imbri- 
cated; the  scales  striated,  outer  ones  shorter.  Receptacle  flat,  naked.  Flowers  all  tubu- 
lar; the  corolla  white  or  yellowish,  cylindrical,  scarcely  expanded  towards  the  summit ; 
the  teeth  very  short.  Base  of  the  style  bulbous  and  often  villous.  Achenia  with  ten 
striae,  sometimes  obscurely  5-angled.  Pappus  of  scabrous-barbellate  or  slightly  plu- 
mose bristles. — Perennial  herbs  or  sutr'ruticose  plants,  with  opposite  or  alternate  leaves, 
and  frequently  the  habit  of  Eupatorium. 


56  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

herbaceous,  ovate,  with  long  subulate  spreading  tips,  inner  ones  ellipti- 
cal, acute  or  acutish,  with  scarious  margins;  achenia  sparsely  hairy 
above  or  glabrous ;  pappus  deciduous. — Hall  &  Harbour,  313 ;  Parry, 
423 ;  Brandegee;  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith;  Porter.  Sierra  Madre  Range, 
Twin  Lakes,  Coulter.  Throughout  the  mountains,  at  all  elevations. 

NARDOSMIA  SAGITTATA,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1,  p.  307.  Leaves  oblong, 
acute  (or  obtuse,)  entire,  sagittate,  the  lobes  obtuse,  DO.,  (leaves  cor- 
date or  reniform-siiiuate,  sinuate-toothed,  tomentose  beneath). — "Near 
Pike's  Peak/'  Hall  &  Harbour,  314. 

ASTER  ADSCENDENS,  Lindl.  T.  &  O.,  Fl.  N.  Am.,  2,  p.  111.  Steins 
low,  ascending;  branches  simply  racemose  or  somewhat  corymbose; 
radical  and  lower  leaves  oblong-linear  or  narrowly  spatulate,  glabrous, 
entire,  with  ciliate-scabrous  margins,  the  cauline  linear-lanceolate, 
partly  clasping;  scales  of  the  hemispherical  involucre  numerous,  closely 
imbricated,  unequal,  nearly  glabrous,  the  exterior  linear-oblong,  obtuse, 
the  innermost  acute;  achenia  minutely  hairy. — Median.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee.  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

Var.  CILIATIFOLIUS,  T.  &  G.  Low;  stem  not  denuded  and  scapiform, 
pubescent  above;  leaves  more  proportionate,  distinctly  ciliated  ;  scales 
of  the  involucre  somewhat  acute. — Hall  &  Harbour,  252 ;  Parry,  419. 

Var.  FREMONTII,  T.  &  G.,  Fl  N.  Am.,  2,  p.  503.  Stem  leafy,  4'-6' 
high,  simple,  bearing  1-2  heads,  sometimes  more,  more  or  less  woolly 
pubescent ;  leaves  thin,  cauline  ones  oblanceolate;  scales  of  the  involucre 
loose,  exterior  herbaceous,  inner  ones  narrowly  linear,  acute;  pappus 
white. — "Alpine  and  subalpine,  in  low  grounds."  Gray's  Peak,  Dr. 
Smith.  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

Yar.  PARRYI,  Watson.  Stem  l°-2°  high,  often  corymbosely  much 
branched;  leaves  large,  broadly  oblanceolate,  5/-12/  long,  l'-2'  wide,  nar- 
rowed into  winged  petioles,  the  upper  ones  gradually  smaller  and  ses- 
sile, partly  clasping;  heads  large;  in volucral scales  finely  ciliate,  the 
outer  ones  broadly  lanceolate  with  herbaceous  tips,  scarious  below, 
loose;  peduncles  not  glandular. — Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

ASTER  L^EVIS,  L. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith; 
Hoopes. 

ASTER  ERICOIDES,  L.,  var.  STRICTUS,  Porter.  Low,  f°-l°  high,  gla- 
brous, except  the  scabrous  margins  and  ciliate  bases  of  the  leaves,  erect* 
slender,  paniculately  branched  above,  branches  short;  scales  of  the  in- 
volucre narrowly  linear,  lax,  outer  ones  very  acute,  often  entirely  green, 
inner  ones  scarious  with  a  central  green  line;  radical  leaves  narrowly 
oblanceolate. — "In  the  mountains  at  middle  elevations,"  Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 254.  Near  Denver,  Coulter.  Foot-hills  west  of  Denver,  Porter ; 
Meehan;  Hoopes. 

ASTER  MULTIFLORUS,  Ait. — Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  North  Park, 
Hay  den;  Coulter. 

ASTER  FALCATUS,  Lindl.  Stem  minutely  pubescent  with  appressed 
hairs,  1°-1£°  high,  leafy  to  the  top ;  leaves  rigid,  minutely  appressed- 
pubescent  or  smoothish  except  on  the  edges,  the  lower  ones  spatulate- 
lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acute ;  2/-3/  long,  4//-6"  wide,  short-stalked,  the 
upper  ones  oblong-linear,  sessile,  often  slightly  clasping,  those  of  the 
erect  branches  linear,  often  slightly  falcate;  heads  terminal  on  the 
branchlets,  flattened  hemispherical,  4//-8//  in  diameter;  scales  much  im- 
bricated, the  outer  smaller  with  greenish,  appressed  or  slightly  spread- 


SYNOPSIS    OF   THE    FLORA   OF    COLORADO.  57 

ing  tips  and  whitish  chartaceous  margins;  achenia  pubescent. — Twin 
Lakes,  Coulter. 

ASTER  CARNEUS,  Nees. — Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  On  the 
Platte,  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

ASTER  ^ESTIVUS,  AitM  var.  L^TIFLORUS,  Gr.  Varies  in  its  smoother 
stem,  which  is  slightly  pubescent  above,  and  the  spreading  tips  of  the 
involucral  scales. — Canon  City,  Branfagee. 

ASTER  OBLONGLFOLIUS,  Nutt. — Huerfano  County,  Greene. 

ASTER  NUTTALLII,  T.  &  G.,  var.  FENDLERI,  Torr.  Pac.  E.  R.,  4,  p.  97. 
(A.  Fendleri,  Gr.  PL'FendL,  p.  66.)  Stems  many,  from  a  subligneous 
caudex,  erect  or  ascending,  9'-12',  high,  rigid,  rough-scabrous;  branches 
corymbose-paniculate,  bearing  one  or  rarely  2-3  heads ;  leaves  sessile, 
rigid,  coriaceous,  small,  linear,  6"-9"  long,  mucronulate,  very  entire, 
glabrous,  1-nerved,  hispid-ciliate  on  the  margins ;  lowest  subspatulate, 
those  of  the  branches  very  short ;  scales  of  the  campanulate  involucre 
in  3  series,  linear-oblong,  glandulose-scabrous,  mucronulate,  outer  ones 
herbaceous,  obtuse,  lax ;  inner  ones  acute,  a  little  longer ;  achenia  pu- 
bescent.— Pueblo,  Greene.  Hall  &  Harbour.  Fremont  County,  Bran- 
degee. 

ASTER  GLACIALIS,  Nutt.  Ehizoma  thickish,  not  creeping;  stems 
2/-4/  high,  erect,  minutely  pubescent  above,  bearing  a  single  head, 
leafy  or  nearly  leafless  ;  leaves  thickish,  glabrous,  spatulate-oblong  and 
lanceolate,  radical  ones  1'— 27  long,  2//-4//  wide,  narrowed  into  a  long 
petiole,  obtuse  or  even  emarginate,  canline  ones  oblong  or  oblanceo- 
late,  partly  clasping ;  scales  of  the  involucre  nearly  equal,  linear-spatu- 
late,  more  or  less  acuminate,  glandular-puberulent  or  nearly  glabrous, 
commonly  blackish-purple ;  rays  numerous,  white  or  purplish. — "  In  the 
high  alpine  region,"  Hall  &  Harbour,  242.  Mount  Lincoln  and  White 
House  Mountain,  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  August,  Coulter. 

ASTER  SALSUGINOSUS,  Bichards.  Stem  erect,  simple,  6'-8'  high, 
leafy,  bearing  1-3  heads,  pubescent  above  with  appressed  hairs ;  radi- 
cal leaves  broadly  spatula te  or  linear-obovate,  with  the  margined 
petiole  2'-9'  long,  wide,  obtuse,  glabrous,  ciliolate,  cauline  ones  lan- 
ceolate and  ovate,  sessile  and  partly  clasping,  very  acute,  often  mi- 
nutely downy;  heads  very  large,  single,  or  3-5  on  long  peduncles 
thickened  at  the  summit;  scales  of  the  involucre  nearly  equal,  nar- 
rowly linear,  glandular-pubescent,  lax,  with  mostly  squarrose-spread- 
ing  or  recurved,  blackish  tips,  much  shorter  than  the  disk ;  rays  long, 
bright  purple ;  achenia  somewhat  hairy. — Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith. 
Twin  Lakes,  Weston's  Pass,  and  Horse  Shoe  Mountain,  at  11,000  feet 
altitude,  Coulter. 

ASTER  ELEGANS,  T.  &  G.,  var.  ENGELMANNI,  D.  C.  Eaton.  (A.  Engel- 
manni,,  Gr.  Sill.  Jour.  (N.  S.)  33,  p.  9.)  Stems  several  from  a  short 
creeping  root-stock,  2°-3°  high,  very  leafy;  leaves  sessile,  lower  ones 
oblong,  obtuse,  the  upper  ones  larger,  lanceolate  and  lance-ovate,  often 
3'  long,  nearly  2'  wide,  entire,  scabrous  on  the  margins,  minutely 
puberulent  like  the  stem  and  roughened,  obscurely  3-nerved  and 
feather- veined ;  inflorescence  corymbose,  heads  peduncled;  involucres 
turbinate-campanulate,  6"-10"  wide;  the  scales  ovate  or  oblong, 
acute,  puberuleut,  the  scarious  margins  densely  lacerate-f ringed ;  rays 
8-12  in  number. — Sierra  Madre  Range,  August,  Coulter. 

ASTER  GLAUCUS,  T.  &  G.  Stems  l°-2°  high,  branching,  leafy,  erect; 
lowest  leaves  scale-form,  the  others  oblong-linear,  closely  sessile, 


58  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE   FLORA   OF    COLORADO. 

1-nerved,  l'-3'  long,  3" -6"  wide,  pointed,  smooth  and  glaucous,  veins 
prominently  reticulated;  heads  in  contracted  corymbs;  scales  of  the 
involucre  in  3  or  4  series,  lacerate-fringed,  outer  ones  oval,  obtuse,  gla- 
brous, inner  ones  lanceolate,  membranous,  acute,  purple-tinged,  as  long 
as  the  disk;  rays  14-17,  purple  or  pinkish- white ;  achenia  smooth  or 
slightly  pubescent. — North  Park,  Hayden.  Eagle  River,  Coulter. 

ASTER  PTARMICOIDES,  T.  &  G.— South  Park,  Canby.  Garden  of  the 
Gods,  Porter. 

ASTER  ANGUSTUS,  T.  &  G. — Hall  &  Harbour,  291. 

TowNSENDiA1  SERTCEA,  Hook.  Steinless,  from  a.  simple  or  much 
branched  caudex,  l'-2'  high;  leaves  spatulate-linear,  silky-can  escent, 
acute,  1-nerved,  12//-15//  long,  erect,  surrounding  and  partly  concealing 
the  heads  (8"  long)  which  are  sessile  or  on  very  short  peduncles  ;  scales 
of  the  involucre  subulate-lanceolate,  pubescent,  green  in  the  center, 
purplish  towards  the  tip;  margins  scarious,  lacerate-ciliate;  rays  long; 
narrow,  not  spreading;  pappus  of  the  disk  white,  about  as  long  as  the 
corolla,  pappus  of  the  ray  of  several  unequal  subulate  bristles,  much 
shorter  than  the  achenium  and  1  or  2  long  ones  (sometimes  9  or  10)  simi- 
lar to  those  of  the  disk  flowers ;  achenium  hairy,  hairs  minutely  capi- 
tate.— Hall  &  Harbour,  290.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

TOWNSENDIA  GRANDIFLORA,  Kutt.  Strigose-canescent ;  stems  many, 
from  an  annual  root  thickened  at  the  summit,  divaricately  branched 
from  the  base,  central  ones  short,  erect,  the  lateral  decumbent  5'-10' 
long,  often  proliferous ;  leaves  l'-2'  long,  somewhat  succulent,  linear- 
lanceolate,  acute,  scattered,  the  uppermost  bracteate  at  the  base  of  the 
heads;  scales  of  the  involucre  lanceolate,  subulate-acuminate,  with 
fimbriate-ciliolate  margins,  rays  25-30,  pale  lilac,  with  a  short  pappus 
composed  of  lacerate-denticulate  squainellge,  very  short;  achenium 
minutely  hairy. — Hall  &  Harbour,  289.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 
Colorado  Springs,  Porter;  Redfield. 

MACELER  ANTHER  A2  (DIETERIA)  PULVERULENTA,  Nees.  Canescently 
puberulent;  stems  3'-6'  high,  much  branched  from  the  base,  branches 
spreading,  bearing  few  heads  on  rather  naked  branchlets  ;  lower  leaves 
lanceolate,  spinulose-serrate,  upper  ones  linear,  becoming  entire ;  scales 
of  the  hemispherical  involucre  linear  or  lance-linear,  very  acute,  imbri- 

1  TOWNSENDIA,  Hook.  Heads  large ;  the  rose-colored  or  whitish  rays  in  one  series, 
rather  long,  pistillate,  sometimes  infertile;  disk-flowers  perfect,  with  tubular  obconic 
5-toothed  corollas.  Branches  of  the  style  lanceolate,  acutish,  hairy  towards  the  ends. 
Involucres  hemispherical  or  subglobose,  of  numerous  rather  large,  imbricated  and 
appressed,  scarious-margined,  lacerate-fringed  and  often  tinted  scales.  Achenia  flat- 
tene(  ,  pubescent  or  hairy,  2-3  nerved.  Pappus  of  numerous  stout  barbellate  bristles, 
that  (  f  the  ray  commonly  shorter,  or  reduced  in  part  or  wholly  to  short  subulate  bris 
ties  <  r  little  scales. — Dwarf,  stemless  or  branching,  annual  or  perennial  herbs,  with 
crowded,  linear  or  spatulate,  entire  radical  leaves. — Natives  of  the  mountainous  regions 
east  of  the  Sierras,  from  the  Saskatchewan  to  New  Mexico. 

-MACH.ERANTHERA,  Nees.  Heads  many-flowered;  the  rays  conspicuous,  pistillate, 
fertile,  in  one  species  neutral ;  disk-flowers  perfect,  the  corolla  tubular,  5-toothed.  In- 
volucre ovoid-hemispherical,  the  scales  imbricated  in  several  series,  oblong  or  linear, 
with  spreading  or  recurved  herbaceous  points.  Receptacle  flat,  honeycombed,  the 
cells  with  toothed  edges.  Appendages  of  the  style  narrowly  lanceolate,  minutely 
hirsute.  Anthers  said  to  have  "cultriform  appendages."  Pappus  of  numerous  very 
unequal  scabrous  and  rather  rigid  bristles ;  that  of  the  ray  flowers  somewhat  shorter. 
Achenia  obovate-f  usif  orrn,  slightly  compressed,  indistinctly  striate,  pubescent  or  silky. — 
Herbs  annual,  biennial,  or  perennial,  with  branching  stems  and  piunatifid,  toothed,  or 
even  entire  leaves.  Genus  very  near  to  Aster,  but  may  be  easiest  distinguished  from 
it  by  the  unequal  pappus  of  disk  and  ray.  Consists  of  four  species  found  in  the  region 
extending  from  Oregon  to  Colorado  and  southward  to  Mexico. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         59 

cated  in  about  3  series;  rays  numerous,  pale  purple  or  rose-color ;  ap- 
pendages of  the  style  subulate  ;  achenia  densely  villose. — South  Park, 
Canby  ;  Porter. 

MACH^ERANTHERA  CANESCENS,  Gr.  Minutely  canescent  with  a  soft 
pubescence ;  stem  low,  much  branched,  corymbose ;  leaves  linear,  entire 
or  sparsely  toothed  towards  the  apex ;  scales  of  the  obovoid  involucre 
lanceolate,  acute,  imbricated  in  about  4  series,  with  slightly  squarrose 
tips ;  rays  18-20.  rather  large,  purplish-blue ;  appendages  of  the  style 
subulate-lanceolate.  T.  &  G.,  Fl.  N.  Am.  2,  p.  101,  under  Dieteria,  Nutt. 
— Exceedingly  variable  in  its  pubescence,  inflorescence,  size  of  the 
heads,  toothing  of  the  leaves,  and  involucres. — Georgetown,  Dr.  Smith. 

Var.  LATTFOLIA,  Gr.,  PI.  Wright.  2,  p.  75.  (Dieteria  asteroides,  Torr.,  in 
Em.  Rep.,  p.  142.)  Scabrous  pubescent  or  puberulent ;  stems  lS'-2°  high ; 
leaves  oblong  or  lanceolate,  sharply  and  rather  coarsely  toothed,  broader 
leaves  6/7-87/  wide;  involucre  hemispherical,  scales  linear,  in  several 
series,  with  rather  short,  subulate,  green,  squarrose  tips ;  heads  large, 
variable  in  size. — Foot-hills,  near  Denver,  Porter.  Georgetown,  Dr. 
Smith.  Sierra  Madre  Kange,  Coulter. 

Var.  ALPINA,  Porter.  Dwarf,  2'-37  high,  puberulent;  radical  leaves 
cuneate-spatulate,  obtuse ;  stems  short,  bearing  1-2  large  heads,  V  in 
diameter;  scales  of  the  involucre  lance-linear,  tips  long,  squarrose- 
spreading,  glandular-pubescent. — Alpine.  Parry,  1872. 

MACH^ERANTHERA  TANACETIFOLIA,  Kees.  (Dieteria  coronopifolia, 
Kutt.  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  Am.  2,  p.  101.)  Pubescent  and  somewhat  viscid, 
diffusely  branched  below,  branches  6/-12/  long,  branchlets  terminated 
by  single  showy  heads;  radical  and  lower  leaves  bi-pmuatifid,  petioled, 
the  upper  pinnatifid  with  the  segments  toothed  or  incised ;  scales  of 
the  involucre  nearly  equal,  in  about  3  series,  linear,  with  a  short,  ap- 
pressed,  somewhat  cartilaginous  base,  and  very  long,  acute,  loose,  spread- 
ing, herbaceous  tips ;  rays  about  20,  large,  reddish-purple ;  appendages 
of  the  style  subulate ;  pappus  pale  reddish-brown,  copious,  rather  rigid ; 
achenia  obovate,  many-striate,  villous. — Hall  &  Harbour,  285.  Canon 
City,  Brandegee.  Canby.  Georgetown,  Dr.  Smith.  Denver,  Redfield. 

DIPLOPAPPUS  ERICOIDES,  T.  &  G.  Fl.  N.  Am.  2,  p.  182.  Strigosely 
canescent ;  stems  2'-6'  high,  branching  from  a  suffrutescent  base  ;  leaves 
narrowly  spatulate  or  linear,  2"-6"  long,  crowded,  appressed  or  spread- 
ing, rigid,  mucronate,  often  bristle  tipped,  conspicuously  ciliate ;  heads 
terminal  on  the  ends  of  the  strict  branches,  rather  small;  scales  of  the 
involucre  lanceolate-linear,  in  about  3  series,  acute,  1-nerved,  with  scari- 
ous  margins ;  rays  rather  short,  white ;  exterior  pappus  very  minute ; 
achenia  pubescent. — Hall  &  Harbour,  233.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

ERIGKERON  CANADENSE,  L. — Near  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Denver, 
Dr.  Smith;  Coulter. 

ERIGERON  DIVARICATUM,  MX. — Xear  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

ERIOERON  COMPOSITUM,  Pursh.  More  or  less  canescently  hirsute  ; 
stems  2/-6/  high,  several  from  a  perennial  root-stock,  scape- like  or  with 
a  few  leaves  near  the  base,  and  one  or  two  linear  bracts  higher  up ; 
leaves  on  long  petioles,  1-3  times  teruately  divided  or  parted,  lobes  ob- 
long-linear, obtuse ;  scales  of  the  involucre  linear,  in  2  rows,  outer  ones 
herbaceous,  inner  ones  scarious  with  narrow  margins  and  long  slender 
tips ;  rays  many,  twice  the  length  of  the  involucre ;  white,  pale-pink, 
or  blue ;  achenia  hirsute ;  pappus  of  12-15  bristles,  with  a  few  minute 
setae  intermixed. — Hall  &  Harbour,  234.  Gray's  Peak,  B.  H.  Smith. 


60         SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLOKADO. 

Summit  of  Pike's  Peak,  Porter.  Snow  Mass  Mountain,  at  13,000  feet 
altitude,  Mount  Lincoln  at  12,000  feet,  and  Long's  Peak,  Coulter.  Sangre 
de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegee.  Gray's  Peak,  Redfield. 

ERIGERON  TRIFIDUM,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  2,  p.  17,  1. 120.  Hirsute ; 
stems  2/-3/  high,  leafy  below,  naked  or  scape-like  with  1-2  linear  bracts, 
bearing  a  single  head ;  leaves  on  long  petioles,  deeply  3-cleft  or  lobed, 
segments  short,  very  obtuse,  the  middle  one  orbicular,  the  lateral  occa- 
sionally 2-lobed;  scales  of  the  involucre  lance-linear,  hirsute,  about  the 
length  of  the  disk ;  rays  twice  as  long,  white  or  blue,  rather  broad ; 
achenium  minutely  hairy;  pappus  hispid-scabrous,  as  long  as  the  disk 
of  the  corolla.  Alpine. — White  House  Mountain,  at  13,000  feet  altitude, 
Coulter. 

ERIGERON  TJNIFLORUM,  L.  Sparsely  pubescent,  becoming  somewhat 
glabrous ;  stem  3'-6'  high,  bearing  a  single  head ;  lower  leaves  spatu- 
late,  cauline  lanceolate  or  linear,  obtuse  or  acute,  entire ;  pistillate  flow- 
ers nearly  all  ligulate;  rays  somewhat  erect,  scarcely  twice  the  length  of 
the  very  woolly  involucre;  wool  deep-purple  or  sometimes  light-colored, 
or  white. — Hall  &  Harbour,  243.  Snow  Mass  Mountaiu,  at  13,000  feet 
altitude,  and  Mount  Lincoln,  at  12,000  feet,  Coulter. 

ERIGERON  GRANDIFLORUM,  Hook.  Perennial,  hirsute  and  somewhat 
woolly ;  caudex  thick ;  stems  1-5,  3' -8'  high,  rather  leafy,  bearing  a 
single  head;  radical  leaves  oblong-spatulate,  l'-2'-  long,  2" -3"  wide, 
those  of  the. stem  smaller  and  linear-lanceolate;  heads  solitary,  large ; 
involucre  very  woolly;  scales  herbaceous,  elongated,  with  naked  purple 
tips ;  rays  numerous,  long,  white  or  purple  ;  achenia  sparingly  hirsute  ; 
pappus  of  barbellate  setae  rather  shorter  than  the  disk  corollas,  and 
with  a  few  very  short  ones  intermixed. — Mount  Lincoln,  at  12,000  feet  alti- 
tude, July,  Coulter. 

Yar.  ELATIUS,  Gr.  Sill.  Jour.  (N.  S.)  33,  p.  8.  l°-2°  high,  very  leafy, 
pilose;  lower  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  tapering  to  the  base;  all  the 
leaves  scabrous-pubescent,  mucronate-apiculate ;  upper  ones  ovate  and 
ovate-lanceolate,  or  sometimes  narrowly  lanceolate,  sessile  by  a  some- 
what clasping  base ;  heads  solitary  or  corymbose,  2-6,  large  ;  involucre 
often  I7  broad,  densely  woolly;  rays  numerous,  narrow,  pale-pink. — Dif- 
fers so  much  from  the  typical  form  that  it  might  well  constitute  a  dis- 
tinct species.— Hall  &  Harbour,  238 ;  Dr.  Smith.  Weston's  Pass  and 
Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

ERIGERON  GLANDULOSUM,  Porter,  (n.  sp.)  Minutely  glandular-puber- 
uleut,  and  hirsute  with  long,  scattered,  spreading,  jointed  hairs ;  stems 
simple,  one  or  several  from  a  thick,  woody,  often  branched  caudex,  bear- 
ing single  heads ;  leaves  narrowly  spatulate,  radical  ones  2/-4/  long ; 
heads,  including  the  numerous  purple  or  blue  rays,  9"-15"  broad ;  scales 
of  the  involucre  in  about  3  series,  equaling  the  disk,  lance-linear,  inner 
ones  scarious,  more  or  less  purplish  ;  achenia  sparingly  hirsute ;  pappus 
with  shorter  bristles  intermixed  with  the  longer  ones.-*-Near  E.  ursinum, 
Eaton,  in  King's  Rep.,  v.  5,  p.  148.— Hall  &  Harbour,  235.  Clear  Creek 
Canon,  Boulder  Cation,  and  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

ERIGERON  ARMERL^FOLIUM,  Turcz.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  v.  8,  p. 
648.— Hall  &  Harbour,  232,  (as  E.  acre,  L.)  South  Park,  Porter. 
Twin  Lakes  and  on  the  Upper  Arkansas,  Coulter. 

ERIGERON  BELLIDIASTRUM,  Eutt.  Annual,  hirsute-pubescent,  1°  or 
more  high ;  stem  corymbosely  much  branched,  leafy  throughout ; 
branches  elongated  and  divaricately  spreading;  lower  leaves  on  slender 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  61 

petioles,  entire  and  oblanceolate,  canline  ones  sessile,  smaller,  oblong- 
linear  or  linear-spatulate ;  heads  few  or  many,  rather  small,  terminating 
the  branches,  pedunculate;  involucre  hirsute-can  escent;  rays  very 
many  (60-70,)  white  or  pale-red,  narrowly  linear,  twice  as  long  as  the 
involucre;  achenium  minutely  pubescent;  pappus  simple  and  wholly 
deciduous  from  a  broad  and  white  epigynous  disk. — Plains  and  moun- 
tains. South  Park,  Canby.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

ERIGERON  MACRANTHUM,  Nutt.  Pubescent  or  nearly  smooth ;  stems 
9'-30'  high,  several  from  a  creeping  rhizoma,  leafy  to  the  summit;  leaves 
smooth  or  hairy,  ciliate  on  the  margins,  obtuse,  acute  or  acuminate, 
inucroimlate,  entire,  the  lowest  oblong-spatulate,  tapering  into  a  petiole, 
2/-4'  long,  6" -8"  wide,  the  upper  oblong  or  broadly  ovate  lanceolate, 
3-nerved,  the  lateral  nerves  starting  from  the  base,  partly  clasping; 
heads  several,  3-13,  corymbose,  sometimes  very  large;  involucre  of  many 
very  narrow-linear,  acuminate,  herbaceous,  glabrous  or  glandular  scales, 
which  are  sometimes  pubescent;  rays  blue  or  purple,  numerous;  achenia 
2-3  nerved,  slightly  hairy;  outer  pappus  of  short,  slender  set*. — Varies 
greatly  as  to  the  amount  of  pubescence. — South  Park  and  Chiaun  Canon, 
Porter.  Pike's  Peak  and  mountains  west  of  Denver,  Canby.  Twin  Lakes 
and  in  the  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

ERIGERON  GLABELLUM,  Nutt.  Pubescent  or  nearly  glabrous;  stems 
9'-20'  high,  single  or  few  from  a  short  erect  caudex,  simple  or  sparingly 
corymbose  at  the  summit;  radical  leaves  narrowly  or  broadly  spatulate, 
tapering  into  a  long  or  short  petiole,  sometimes  serrate  or  incisely 
toothed;  lower  cauline  ones  oblong,  lanceolate,  tapering  into  long,  mar- 
gined petioles,  the  upper  ones  scattered,  lanceolate  or  linear,  sessile  and 
partly  clasping;  heads  few,  large,  10"-15"  broad,  on  long,  strict  peduncles 
which  are  enlarged  above;  rays  very  narrow  and  numerous;  involucre 
hirsute  or  nearly  smooth ;  achenium  and  pappus  as  in  the  last. — Hall 
&  Harbour,  240.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith. 

ERIGERON  COTJLTERI.  Porter,  (n.  sp.)  Stem  simple  from  a  slender  root, 
6'-12/  high,  bearing  a  single  head,  smooth  below,  pilose-pubescent  above, 
leafy  to  the  top;  leaves  thinnish,  pubescent  with  ciliate  margins,  all 
more  or  less  serrate-denticulate,  mucronate,  erect,  gradually  diminishing 
in  size  upward;  lower  ones  oblong-spatulate  or  elliptical,  tapering  into  a 
margined,  ciliate  petiole,  upper  ones  oblong  or  lanceolate,  acute  or  acumi- 
nate, sessile  and  partly  clasping;  head  large,  l'-2'  broad  including  the 
numerous  white  rays;  involucre  about  9"  broad,  hemispherical,  densely 
pilose  but  scarcely  woolly;  scales  lance-linear,  with  scarious  margins,  tips 
elongated,  subulate,  spreading,  glandular;  achenia  pubescent;  bristles 
of  the  pappus  minutely  scabrous,  outer  ones  short  and  few;  alveoli  of 
the  receptacle  rough,  with  lacerate  margins. — Weston's  Pass,  at  10,000 
feet  altitude,  July  19,  Coulter. 

ERIGERON  PUMILUM,  Nutt.  Very  hirsute  with  spreading  hairs,  stems 
6'-10'  high,  rather  stout,  numerous  from  an  erect,  branching  caudex, 
simple  or  sparingly  branched,  bearing  1-3  peduncled  heads,  leafy;  lower 
leaves  linear-spatulate,  2'-2£'  long,  l"-3"  wide,  upper  ones  narrowly 
linear,  passing  into  subulate  "bracts;  heads  9//-12'/  broad;  scales  of  the 
involucre  numerous,  nearly  linear,  hirsute;  rays  white,  30  of  them,  1' 
wide,  twice  or  nearly  three  times  as  long  as  the  involucre;  achenia 
slightly  hairy;  outer  pappus  of  minute  subulate  bristles. — Upper  Arkan- 
sas, Porter.  Saint  Vrain  Eiver,  Coulter. 

ERIGERON  DIVERGENS,  T.  &  G.  Somewhat  hoary  with  a  minute  hir- 
sute pubeseuce,  diffusely  branched  from  the  base,  branches  ascending, 


62  SYNOPSIS   OF   THE    FLORA   OF   COLORADO. 

4/-12/  long;  leaves  small,  entire,  acute,  the  radical  somewhat  spatulato, 
narrowed  into  a  short  petiole,  the  cauline  scattered,  sessile,  linear,  nar- 
rowed at  the  base;  heads  small,  mostly  solitary,  terminating  the  naked 
branchlets  or  peduncles;  rays  very  narrow  and  numerous,  twice  the 
length  of  the  hirsute  involucre,  purplish ;  inner  pappus  of  few,  very 
slender  and  deciduous  bristles. — Hall  &  Harbour,  237  and  246;  Hoope*. 
Chicago  Lakes,  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter.  Brandegee;  Dr.  8tnith. 
Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

ERIGERON  CANUM,  Gr.,  PI.  Fendl.,  p.  67.  Stems  3'-4'  high,  simple? 
leafy  to  the  summit,  from  a  thick  root,  caespitose,  bearing  single  heads, 
silky-canescent  as  well  as  the  very  entire,  Imear-spatulate  leaves;  rays 
white,  in  about  one  series,  twice  longer  than  the  white-hirsute  involucre; 
achenia  very  glabrous,  narrow,  with  about  10  conspicuous  ribs;  pappus 
of  the  ray  and  disk  similar,  double,  the  outer  of  very  short  subulate 
setaceous  bristles. — "Common  on  low  mountains,"  Hall  &  Harbour,  244 
(as  E.  ccespitosum,  ^N"utt.) 

GuTiERREZiA1  EuTHAMi^E,  T.  &  G.  Stems  woody  and  much  branched 
at  the  base,  numerous,  6'-15'  high,  angled,  leaves  crowded,  narrowly 
linear,  acute,  attenuate  at  the  base,  l'-2'  long,  J"-l"  wide,  1-nerved, 
scabrous,  punctate,  resinous  and  sometimes  varnished;  corymb  com- 
pound, fastigiate,  contracted;  heads  small,  glomerate,  turbhiate-cylin- 
drical;  involucre  scarcely  2"  long  and  I"  broad,  narrowly  obovate; 
flowers  of  the  ray  2-5,  the  disk  3-6;  pappus  of  9-10  obtuse,  unequal, 
erose-denticulate,  chaffy  scales,  a  little  shorter  than  the  achenium. — 
Hall  &  Harbour,  294.  Caiiou  City,  Brandegee.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 
Canby. 

SOLIDAGrO  VlRGA-AUREA,  L.,  var.  MULTIRADIATA,  T.  &  G.     Stems  vil- 

lose- pubescent  especially  towards  the  summit,  most  1  v  .simple,  S'-15'  high ; 
leaves  ciliate,  oblong-lanceolate;  radical  ones  obovate  and  narrowed 
into  a  petiole;  heads  large,  in  a  dense  compound  raceme  or  loosely 
corymbose;  scales  of  the  involucre  ciliolate,  acute;  rays  8-18. — Hall  A- 
Harbour,  251.  Sierra  Madre  Eange  and  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter.  George- 
town, Dr.  Smith. 

Var.  ALPINA,  Big. — Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith.  South  Park,  Twin  Lake 
Creek  and  Horse  Shoe  Mountain,  at  11,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

Var.  HTJMILIS,  Gr.  (8.  humilis,  Pursh.)— Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter- 

SOLID  AGO  GUIRADONIS,  Gr.,  Proc.  Am.  Ac.,  v.  6,  p.  54.3.  Smooth,  stem 
slender,  erect,  2£°-3°  high,  from  a  woody  rhizoma;  lowest  leaves 
lanceolate,  6'  long,  3"-5"  broad,  tapering  into  a  margined  petiole,  the 
cauline  ones  very  narrowly  linear,  2'-3'  long,  3"-5"  broad  :  panicle  «-ivrt, 
not  one-sided,  very  narrow  and  composed  of  fe\v  and  rather  small 
heads;  involucral  scales,  linear,  acuminate,  the  mid  vein  broad  and 

1  GUTIERREZIA,  Lagasca.  Heads  small  or  middle-sized,  6-90  flowered ;  the  rays  pistil- 
late, fertile  ;  the  disk-flowers  tubular,  perfect  and  fertile.  Involucre  varying  from  nar- 
rpwly-obconic  to  broadly-hemispherical ;  the  scales  closely  imbricated  in  several  series, 
rigid,  and  with  greenish  herbaceous  tips.  Receptacle  naked.  Corolla*  yellow ;  of  the 
ray  oval,  oblong  or  linear;  of  the  disk  fnnnel-shaped,  5-toothed.  the  teeth  erect  or  re- 
curved. Branches  of  the  style  in  the  ray-flower,  linear.  smooth  :  the  stigmatic  lines 
extending  to  the  top;  in  the  disk  with  the' hairy  appendages  shorter  or  >.  \  eral  times 
longer  than  the  stigmatic  portion.  Achenia  oblong  or  ohconi' .  terete  or  somewhat 
compressed.  Pappus  of  the  disk  composed  of  several  oblong  or  linear  chatty  scales,  or 
reduced  to  a  lacerate  i-oioniform  bonier;  of  the  ray  similar  to  that  of  the  disk,  bat 
commonly  smaller  or  sometimes  obsolete. — Mostly  perennial  and  suti'ruti<-o>.c-  plants  of 
North  and  South  America,  with  glabrous  and  often  resinous-dotted  or  varnished  linear 
and  entire,  or  broader  and  denticulate  leaves. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.          63 

prominent :  rays  S-9,  scarcely  longer  than  the  10-12  flowers  of  the  disk ; 
achenia  pubertdeut. 

Var.  SPECTABILIS.  D.  C.  Eaton,  King's  Rep.,  v.  5,  p.  154.  Stem  stout, 
3:-4°  high;  lower  and  radical  leaves  broadly  oblanceolate,  S'-ii:'  ioug, 
$'-Ut'  wide,  the  petiole  dilated  at  the  base,  upper  ones  sessil ',  lanceo- 
late:  panicle  oblong,  densely  many-flowered  ;  heads  rather  large,  invo- 
lucral  scales  oblong-linear,  mostly  obtuse;  flowers  of  the  ray  12-15,  of 
the  disk  about  20. — The  affinities  of  this  plant  seem  to  us  to  connect  it 
rather  with  S.  speciosa  than  S.  Guiradonis. — Glen  Eyrie,  Porter.  Canon 
City.  Brandegee. 

SOLIDAGO  PUAIILA.  T.  &  G.  Caespitose,  glabrous  and  somewhat 
resinous  :  stems  4'-9'  high,  very  many  from  a  stout  underground  woody 
caudex;  leaves  crowded,  narrowly  lanceolate,  strongly  3-nerved,  very 
acute  and  somewhat  mucrouate,  the  radical  ones  2/-3/  long,  2"-3"  wide, 
narrowed  into  a  short  petiole ;  heads  sessile  in  little  clusters,  which  are 
arranged  in  a  dense  fastigiate  corymb ;  involucres  cylindrical-oblong, 
the  closely  imbricated  scales  cariuate,  ovate  or  oblong,  obtuse,  with 
scarions  margins  and  appressed,  scarcely  herbaceous  tips,  rather  obtuse ; 
rays  1-3 ;  disk  flowers  3-4 ;  achenia  glabrous. — Colorado,  Vasey. 

SOLIDAGO  RIGTDA.  L.,  var.  HU3HLIS,  Porter.  Stems  12/-18/  high,  slen- 
der; cauline  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  mostly  acute,  very  scabrous; 
heads  of  flowers  smaller ;  scales  of  the  involucres  narrower. — Rather 
frequent.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Porter ;  Coulter,  ^"ear 
Denver.  Dr.  Smith. 

SOLIDAGO  XE^IOEALTS,  Ait.  Very  variable,  presenting  in  the  Eocky 
Mountain  region  a  great  diversity  of  forms,  among  which  the  most 
conspicuous  is 

Var.  MOLLIS,  Bartl.  (!)  FL  X.  Am.,  v.  1,  p.  229.  Stem-leaves  obovate  or 
oval,  crowded,  oil  en  2'-2£/  long,  I'-IJ'  broad;  low,  about  1°  high,  rather 
stout:  branches  of  the  panicle  much  contracted  or  somewhat  spreading; 
heads  rather  larger. — Platte  River  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Twin  Lakes , 
Coulter. 

SOLIDAGO  MISSOURIENSIS.  Xutt. — Hall  &  Harbour,  249.  Eastern 
plains  of  Colorado,  Dr.  Smith.  Near  Denver,  Porter. 

SOLIDAGO  CA^ADE>*SIS,  L. — Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Eagle 
River.  Coulter. 

SOLIDAGO  LA^CEOLATA,  T.  £  G. — Hall  &  Harbour,  247.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee.  On  the  Platte,  Dr.  Smith. 

SOLIDAGO  OCCIDENTALS.  T.  &  G.  Very  near  the  last,  but  differs 
in  its  more  paniculate  and  less  corymbose  inflorescence ;  flowering 
branches  more  strict,  with  the  upper  leaves  becoming  very  small  and 
linear:  heads  of  tiowers  pedicellate  ;  scales  of  the  involucre  loosely  im- 
bricated. Some  of  its  forms,  however,  appear  to  approach  S.  lanceolata 
too  closely. — Georgetown.  Dr.  Smith. 

BiGELOViA1  HOWABDH,  Gr.,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  v.  8.  p.  641  (Linosyris  How- 

'BIGELOVIA.  DC.  (Li.no9}fns.  Lobel.,  CJirysothamnus,  Xutt.)  Heads  5-many-flow- 
ered,  the  (yellow )  flowers  all  tubular  and  perfect.  Involucre  obconic  or  eanipauulate  ; 
the  somewhat  rigid  and  cariiiate  scales  imbricated  in  several  series:  the  innermost 
elongated:  the  outer  ones  shorter  and  passing  into  the  leaves.  Eeceptacle  alveolate- 
toothed,  the  teeth  lacerate,  or  sometimes  becoming  cuspidate  processes.  Corollas 
slender,  the  expanding  limb  5-cleft.  Style  with  flattened  branches:  the  stigmatic 
portion  oblong  or  linear:  the  pubescent  appendages  lanceolate  or  often  elongated. 
Acheuia  oblong,  villous  or  pubescent,  sometimes  glabrous.  Pappus  of  copious  unequal 
scabrous  capillary  bristles.  Perennial  herbs  or  surrrnticose  plants,  branched  irorn  the 
base  and  corymbose  or  sub-pan icnlate  at  the  summit,  often  resinous  and  having  a 
strong  balsamic  but  unpleasant  odor:  leaves  linear  or  lanceolate,  sessile. 


64          SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

ardii,  Parry,  Proc.  Amer.  Acad,,  v.  6,  p.  541.)  Shrubby,  6'-18'  high ;  younger 
branches  white- woolly ;  leaves  linear,  1-uerved,  from  webby  becoming 
smooth,  l'-2'  long,  the  uppermost  about  as  long  as  or  exceeding  the 
corymbose,  crowded  heads ;  involucre  cylindrical,  5-6  flowered ;  scales 
rather  loose,  all  of  them  finely  acuminate;  tube  of  the  pale  yellow 
corolla  sparingly  villous ;  achenia  linear,  pubescent. — Parry.  Wet  Moun- 
tain Valley,  Brandegee. 

BIGELOVIA  PARRYI,  Gr.,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  v.  8,  p.  642.  (Linosyris 
Parryi,  Gr.  Proc.  Acad.  Phil.  March  1863,  p.  66.)  Shrubby,  9'-18'  high  ; 
branches  virgate,  white  woolly,  becoming  smooth;  leaves  2'-4'  long,  lin- 
ear, almost  glabrous,  sub  viscous,  3-nerved,  acute,  plane,  larger  ones  2" 
wide  and  tapering  to  the  base ;  floral  leaves  similar,  far  surpassing  the 
heads  which  are  crowded  in  a  narrow  thyrsus ;  heads  about  9"  long,  ib- 
liose-bracteate ;  involucre  10-15  flowered,  cylindraceous,  series  few,  scales 
sublax,  imbricate,  whitish,  lanceolate,  all  attenuate  acuminate ;  tube  of 
the  corolla  hirsutulous ;  achenia  linear,  hoary-pubescent. — Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 293 ;  Parry,  413;  Canby.  Mount  Elbert  near  Twin  Lakes,  at  10,000 
feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

BIGELOVIA  BIGELOVII,  Gr.,  Proc.  Am.  Ac.,  v.  8,  p.  642.  (Linosyris 
Bigelovii,  Gr.,  in  Bot.  Whippl.  42, 1. 12.)  Subcinereous,  woody,  very  much 
branched,  2°  high  and  more;  branches  rigid,  slender,  broom-like,  younger 
ones  whitened ;  leaves  revolute  on  the  margins,  filiform ;  involucre  5-flow- 
ered,  narrow,  scales  chartaceous,  of  the  same  color,  moderately  carinate, 
appressed,  outer  ones  oblong-lanceolate,  woolly-ciliate,  rather  acute,  inner 
ones  narrower,  often  acuminate ;  limb  of  the  corolla  narrow,  shortly 
5-lobed;  bristles  of  the  pappus  scarcely  rigid,  longer  than  the  corolla;  ap- 
pendages of  the  style  elongate-subulate  or  filiform,  hispidulous,  mostly 
longer  than  the  linear  stiginatic  portion  ;  achenia  very  glabrous,  linear, 
4-6  angled, with  a  broad  epigynous  disk. — Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Bran- 
degee. The  specimens  vary  from  the  typical  form  in  their  smaller  heads 
and  more  spreading  scales  of  the  involucre. 

BIGELOVIA  DEPRESSA,  Gr.,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  v.  8,  p.  643.  (Chrysotham- 
nus  depressus,  Nutt ;  PL  Gamb.,  p.  171.  Linosyris  depressa,  Torr.,  Sit- 
greaves1  Rep.,\).  161.)  Glabrous,  woody;  branches  a  span  high  from  a 
decumbent  base;  leaves  lanceolate  or  oblauceolate,  inucronate-aeute, 
short,  6"  long,  rigid  ;  scales  of  the  involucre  elongated-lanceolate,  gradu- 
ally acuminate,  smooth,  chartaceous,  of  the  same  color ;  lobes  of  the 
corolla  short;  bristles  of  the  pappus  rigid,  longer  than  the  corolla; 
achenia  very  smooth,  4-6-augled,  with  a  broad  epigynous  disk. — Col- 
lected by  Parry  in  the  Sangre  de  Gristo  Eauge. 

BIGELOVIA  GRAVEOLENS,  Gr.,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  v.  8,  p.  644.  (Linosy- 
ris graveolens,  T.  &  G.,  Fl.  N.  Am.,  2,  p.  234.)  Shrubby,  very  much 
branched,  l°-4°  high,  branches  pulverulent-tornentose,  whitish,  some- 
times smooth  and  greenish;  leaves  narrowly  linear,  not  punctate,  broader 
ones  3-nerved,  narrower  ones  1-uerved,  if -2'  long,  J"-l"  wide;  heads 
large,  5  flowered,  clustered,  corymbose  or  panicled  ;  involucre  oblong,  4" 
long,!"  wide,  scales  few,  imbricated  in  about  3-series,  glabrous,  5-ranked, 
cariuate,  outer  ones  Very  short,  innermost  linear,  half  as  long  as  the  bril- 
liant yellow  flowers ;  appendages  of  the  style  linear-subulate,  longer  than 
the  stigma-tic  portion ;  pappus  of  very  fine  soft  bristles  nearly  as  long  as 
the  corolla  ;  achenia  hairy. — Hall  &  Harbour,  292.  Canon  City,  Bran- 
degee.  Canby.  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  On  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

BiGELOViADouGLASii,  Gr.,  1.  c.,  p.  645.  ( Linosyris  mscidiflora,  T.  &  G. 
I.  c.)  Shrubby,  densely  branching,  1°  high,  older  branches  with  gray 
bark,  younger  ones  smooth,  slightly  angled;  leaves  narrowly  or  broadly 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  (NJ 

linear  or  lanceolate,  rigid,  8"-12"  long,  glabrous,  or  slightly  scabrous 
on  the  margins  ;  heads  small,  5-6-flowered,  clustered  in  dense  flat  co- 
rymbs; involucre  2£"-3"  long,  obcouic,  of  loosely  imbricated,  glab- 
rous, sometimes  resinous  or  glutinous,  oblong-linear,  obtuse  scales,  the 
outer  ones  very  short  ;  corolla  at  first  scarcely  exserted,  but  as  the  aehe- 
nium  grows  it  considerably  exceeds  the  involucre;  style  as  in  the  last; 
achenia  hairy  ;  pappus  of  rather  rigid  and  scabrous  setae. 

Var.  STENOPHYLLA,  Gr.,  1.  c.,  p.  64G.  Leaves  very  narrowly  linear  or 
filiform  ;  heads  3-5-flowered.  —  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Erandegee. 

Var.  LATIFOLIA,  Gr.,  /.  c.,  p.  646.  (  Linosyris  vixcidiflora,  var.  latifolia, 
Eaton  in  King's  Rep.  5,  p.  157.)  Leaves  oblong,  I'-l-J'  ioiig,o"-G"  wide.  — 
North  Park,  Dr.  Haijdtn. 

Var.  SEKKULATA,  Gr.,  I.  c.,  p.  64(>.  (Linoxyris  xerrulata,  Torr.  in  Stansb. 
Rep.,  p.  389.)  Margins  of  the  leaves  ciliate  or  minutely  serrulate,  with  very 
short  rigid  bristles,  otherwise  nearly  glabrous.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  295. 
South  Park,  Canby  ;  Porter.  Upper  Arkansas,  Coulter.  Wet  Moun- 
tain Valley,  Brandegee. 

Var.  TORTIFOLIA,  Gr.,  1.  c.,  p.  646.  Like  the  preceding,  bnt  the  leaves 
spirally  twisted.  —  Bather  common.  Upper  Arkansas,  Porter.  South 
Park,  Coulter.  Wet  Mountain  A"  alley,  Brandegee. 

A  PLO  PAPPUS1  RUBIGINOSTJS,  T.  &  G.  Viscidly  pubescent  and  cine- 
reous; stems  erect  or  decumbent,  corymbosely  branched,  lO'-lS'  high; 
leaves  lanceolate  or  narrowly  oblong,  laciuiate-incised,  the  divaricate 
teeth  produced  into  pellucid  bristles;  heads  subglobose,  few  or  many, 
corymbose,  terminating  the  leafy  branches,  often  bracteate  ;  scales  of 
the  involucre  linear,  acute,  bristle  tipped,  viscidly-puberulent,  in  about 
2  series,  nearly  equal,  loose,  at  length  spreading;  alveoli  of  the  recep- 
tacle pilose-fimbriate  ;  achenia  turbinate,  densely  silky  -villous;  pap- 
pus reddish  brown.  —  Platte  River,  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Hull  &  Har- 
bour, 287. 

APLOPAPPUS  SPINULOSUS,  DC.  Herbaceous,  canesceut  with  a  soft, 
minute,  woolly  pubescence;  stems  many,  l°-2°  high,  corymbosely 
branched  above;  leaves  small,  9//-12//  long,  rigid,  pinnately  or  some- 
what bi-piunateiy  parted,  segments  short,  linear-subulate,  'mucronate 
with  a  short  bristle;  heads  small,  subglobose,  terminating  the  numer- 
ous branchlets  ;  involucre  shorter  than  the  disk,  scales  subulate-lanceo- 
late, mucroimlate,  imbricated  in  3-4  series,  appressed,  eauescent;  rays 
20-30;  corolla  of  the  disk  with  very  short  teeth  ;  pappus  pale  or  tawny, 
shortj  very  unequal;  achenia  turbinate,  villous.  —  Canon  City,  Brande- 
gee. Plains  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Hall  <£•  Harlonr,  288;  Canby. 
Colorado  Springs,  Red  field. 


i's.  I'ass.  (Maeronemaf  Ericameria,  Menotnx,  Ixopapputt,  Aplopappus,  Pyrro 
coma  and  Prionopsis  of  Torrey  &  Gray's  J-Vo/'rt.)  Heads  few-many-flowered;  ray-Ho\vors 
3-maiiy,  pistillate,  fertile;  those  of  'the  disk  tubular,  perfeet,  generally  fertile,  invo- 
lucre cylindrical,  turbiuate,  campanulate,  or  hemispherical;  the  scales  imbricated  in 
few-several  series,  from  linear-subulate  varying  to  broadly  oval,  with  or  without  folia- 
ccous  tips;  the  outer  ones  sometimes  smallest,  sometimes  very  lar^e  and  leaf-like. 
hVceptaele  Hat,  alveolate.  Corolla  of  the  disk  funnel-shaped,  or  slightly  dilated  nit- 
ward.  5-toothed.  (Style  of  the  disk  flowers  with  the  branches  flattened,  sometimes 
broadly  lanceolate,  but  more  frequently  much  elongated,  the  subulate  hispid  appen- 
dages much  longer  than  the  stigmatic  portion.  Achenia  oblong  or  linear,  mostly  terete 
01-  turbinate,  villous  or  pubescent,  rarely  glabrous.  Pappus  simple,  white  or  brownish  : 
of  copious,  mostly  unequal  scabrous,  somewhat  rigid  or  soft  capillary  bristles.  —  Peren- 
nial herbs  or  surfrutii-ose  plants,  with  entire  or  pinnately  -toothed  or  serrate  leaves: 
the  heads  often  large  and  solitary,  but  sometimes  smaller  and  corymbose  or  somewhat 
panieled.  Natives  of  Western  North  America  and  parts  of  South  America  :  the  flowers 
always  yellow,  but  showing  great  diversity  in  the  size  of  the  heads  and  in  the  rays, 
styles,  pappus,  etc.  The  few  rayless  species  are  not  easily  separated  from  Linosyri*. 

5  F  0 


(Hi  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

APLOPAPPUS  MA  cm  >N  mi  A ,  ( 1  r.,  Proc.  Am.  A  cad.,  v.  0,  p.  541*.  ( Macro- 
nema  dittcoidea,  Nutt.)  Branches  erect  from  a  woody  base,  0'-9'  high,  terete, 
white- to mentose  ;  leaves  spatulate-oblong,  obtuse,  apiculate,  8"-12"long, 
2"-3//  wide,  obscurely  3-nerved,  minutely  glandular  and  scabrous;  heads 
single  or  few  in  a  corymb,  turbiuate;  scales  of  the  involucrefew,  sub-equal, 
broadly  lanceolate,  glandular,  the  outer  ones  more  or  less  herbaceous  ; 
heads- about  25-flowered;  rays  none;  branches  of  the  style  very  long, 
filiform,  much  exserted,  the  hispid  portion  twice  as  long  as  the  stigmatic ; 
achenia  pubescent. — Hall  ((•  Harbour,  290.  Twin  Lakes  and  Sierra  Ma- 
dre  Range,  Coulter. 

APLOPAPPUS  PYCKMLKUS,  Or.  (titenotux  pyama'nx,  T.  &  G.  FL  3T.  Am. 
2,  p.  2.37.)  Stems  l'-2'  high  from  a  branching  caudex,  1-flowered ;  radical 
leaves  oblong-spatulate,  I'-IJ'  long,  obtuse,  somewhat  3-nerved,  fimbri- 
ate-ciliate;  cauliue  leaves  3^-4;  head  braeteate;  outer  scales  of  the 
involucre  foliaceous,  oblong,  or  broadly  obovate,  very  obtuse,  pubes- 
cent, inner  ones  oblong,  rather  acute,  tinged  with  purple ;  rays  12-10, 
shorter  than  the  scales  of  the  involucre ;  achenium  pubescent.  Alpine. — 
Hall  &  Harbour,  250.  La  Plata  Mountain,  at  14,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 
Sangre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegec.  Gray's  Peak.  Dr.  timith;  Meehan. 

APC.OPAPPUS  LYALLT,  Gr.,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  March,  1803,  p.  04.  Note. 
Pruinose-glandular  throughout;  stems  2'-3'  high,  leafy,  monocephalous: 
leaves  very  entire,  sub-membranous,  generally  inucronate;  radical 
and  lower' ones  oblong-spatulate  or  oblauceolate,  attenuate  at  the 
base,  uppermost  lanceolate ;  scales  of  the  involucre  loosely  imbricated 
in  about  3  series,  lanceolate,  of  nearly  equal  length,  inner  ones 
acuminate  with  red  tips,  glaudulose-puberulent ;  ligules  10-20,  linear, 
rather  long;  achenia  almost  linear,  very  glabrous ;  hairs  of  the  pappus 
white,  rather  rigid,  equaling  the  corolla  of  the  disk.  Alpine.— Parry, 
1873. 

APLOPAPPUS  INULOIDES,  T.  £  G.  Tomentose-woolly  throughout,  the 
pubescence  mostly  persistent;  stems  branching  from  a  woody  caudex, 
ascending,  4'-7'  long ;  radical  leaves  lanceolate,  acute,  tapering  to  the 
base,  entire,  cauline  ones  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  sessile,  partly 
clasping;  heads  solitary,  large ;  involucre  about  1;  in  diameter,  scales 
in  several  series,  oblong,  obtuse  or  acute,  pubescent  or  woolly ;  rays 
very  numerous,  scarcely  twice  the  length  of  the  involucral  scales,  deep 
yellow;  achenia  hairy.  Subalpine. — ffall&  Harbour,  155.  Sierra  Mad  re 
Range,  Coulter. 

APLOPAPPUS  CROCEITS,  Gr.,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  Mar.,  1803,  p.  Or>.  Xote. 
Stem  l°-li°  high,  sparingly  leaved,  monocephalous,  at  first  woolly; 
leaves  coriaceous,  glabrous,  very  entire,  not  conspicuously  reticulated: 
radical  ones  oblong-lanceolate,  with  the  petiole  O'-l0  long,  cauliue  lan- 
ceolate or  oblong,  partly  clasping  at  base;  head  naked,  very  large;  in- 
volucre hemispherical,  1'  in  diameter;  scales  oval,  very  obtuse,  inner 
ones  somewhat  erose-scabrous  on  the  margin ;  rays  50  or  more,  much 
exserted,  nearly  1'  long,  saffron -colored  above;  ovaries  short,  very 
smooth  ;  pappus  whitish,  equaling  the  corolla  of  the  disk.  Subalpine.— 
Hall  &  Harbour,  257.  Middle  Park  and  Sierra  Madre  Range.  Coulter. 

APLOPAPPUS  FREMONTIT,  Gr.,  Jour.  Bout.  Xat.  Hist.  /SV.,  v.  5. 
Glabrous;  stems  erect  or  ascending  from  a  woody  base,  0/-12/  high. 
corynibosely  branched  above,  leafy ;  leaves  oblong,  or  linear-oblong,  ses- 
sile, partly  clasping  at  the  base,  acute  with  a  mucrouate  tip,  entire  or  oc- 
casionally somewhat  denticulate;  lower  ones  2/-2£/  long,  W-l"  wide, 
tapering  to  the  base;  upper  ones  clasping  by  a  broad  base;  heads  termi- 
nating the  leafy  branches,  globose,  about  V  in  diameter;  scales  of  the 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.          67 

involucre  in  3-4  series,  lance-ovate,  with  acuminate,  spiny  tips,  some- 
wbat  villous -pubescent,  with  narrow,  scarions  margins;  rays  6"-8"long, 
lance-ovate,  yellow  ;  pappus  a  little  shorter  than  the  corolla  and  rather 
longer  than  the  very  smooth  acheniurn. — "  Low  Mountains,  lat.  39°,w 
Hall  ct>  Harbour,  258."  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Meelian. 

APLOPAPPUS  PARRYI,  Gr.  Stems  1-3  from  a  branching  caudex, 
subviscoits-puberulent  above,  12'-1(>'  high  ;  leaves  almost  glabrous, 
very  entire,  lower  ones  oblanceolate  or  spatulate,  tapering  to  the  base, 
obtuse,  the  others  acute,  upper  ones  broader  at  the  base,  partly  clasp- 
ing; heads  numerous,  corymbed,  on  short  pedicels;  scales  of  the  cam- 
pauulate  involucre  broad  lanceolate,  somewhat  coriaceous,  with  some- 
what leafy  tips,  loose;  rays  15-20,  small,  yellow,  narrowly-linear,  but 
little  longer  than  the  disk  flowers;  pappus  white,  not  rigid. — Hall  <r 
Harbour,  259 ;  Parry;  Canby.  Chiann  Canon,  Porter.  Twin  Lakes  and 
Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

GRODELIA1  SQUARROSA,  Dinial.  Glabrous  and  viscidly  resinous: 
sterns  herbaceous  from  a  perennial  caudex,  1°  to  2°  high,  corymbosely 
branched  above;  leaves  somewhat  rigid,  glaucous  and  punctate,  radical 
ones  spatulate-lanceolate,  narrowed  into  a  petiole,  dentate  or  incised, 
cauline  mostly  oblong,  sessile  and  partly  clasping,  rather  obtuse,  finely 
toothed  or  spinulose-serrate;  heads  numerous,  subglobose,  6" broad;  the 
scales  very  rigid,  close-appressed,  but  with  very  long  re  flexed,  squarrose, 
subulate  points,  resinous;  rays  numerous,  rather  narrow:  pappus  of  2-4 
very  rigid,  deciduous  bristles  or  awns. — Very  common  on  the  plains. 
Hall  <1>  Harbour,  286.  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs.  Porter. 
B.  H.  Smith.  On  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

CHRYSOPSIS  YILLOSA,  Xutt.  Extremely  variable  in  tin4  si/e  and  shape 
of  the  leaves,  in  the  number  of  the  flower-heads,  and  in  the  kind  and 
amount  of  pubescence.  It  includes  several  nominal  species. — Common 
everywhere  at  all  elevations.  Hall  &  Harbour r,  260;  J)r.  Smith;  B. 
H.  Smith;  Canby;  Porter;  Brandegee;  Coulter. 

CONYZA2  COTJLTERI,  Gr.,  Proc.  Am.  Aca<L,  v.  7,^ p.  355.  (C.  xub- 
decurrens,  Gr.,  PL  FendL.  p.  78,  and  PL  Wright,  1,  p.  102,  non  I>C.)  Softly 
viscous-pubescent;  stem  1°  to  2°  high,  with  strict  branches,  leafy  to  the 
top;  leaves  adnate,  sessile,  linear-oblong  or  the  lower  spatulate,  numer- 
ous, pinnatifid-dentate  or  incised;  panicle  crowded,  virgate?  heads  small, 
li"long;  involucre  shorter  than  the  disk,  scales  hairy- viscous,  linear, 
acute. — Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

BACCHARIS  SALICINA,  T.  &  G.  FL  X.  Am.  2,  p.  258.  Shrubby, 
smooth,  branches  angular;  leaves  mostly  oblong-lanceolate,  about  I7 

1  GKIXDKLIA,  AYilld.  Heads  many-flowered  :  the  ray-flowers  generally  present,  pis- 
tillate, the  ligyle  elongated ;  disk-flowers  ]>erfect.  tlie  corolla  tubular-fnnnel-sha}ie(l. 
5-toothed.  Involucre  sub<ilol»oso  or  hemispherical,  the  scales  imbricated  in  niauyro\vs. 
often  Avith  squarrose  tips.  Keeeptacle  naked,  flat,  t'oveolafe.  Style  with  lanceolate. 
his])id  appendages  as  long'  as  the  sti^matic  portion.  Achenium  smooth,  ohlong,  or 
ovate,  somewhat  angled.  PappOB  of  2-8  smooth  rigid,  deciduous  awns,  shorter  tlum 
the  disk-corollas. — IJiennial  (?)  perennial  or  sunruticose,  oftt.-n  resiniferous,  Mexican 
and  North  American  plants.  Leaves  entire  or  serrate,  often  punctate,  the  cauline  ones 
sessile.  Heads  corymbed  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  or  solitary,  mostly  rather  large. 

-  CONY/A.  Heads  many-flowered,  momec-ions;  the  exterior  pistillate  and  fertile,  in 
many  series,  with  a  filiform  truncate  or  2-3  toothed  corolla:  a  few  of  the  central 
Mowers  staminate.  sterile,  but  often  styliferous  or  even  fertile,  with  a  tubular  5-toothed 
corolla.  Scales  of  the  involucre  in  several  series.  Keceptacle  Mat  or  convex,  punctaie 
or  nmbrillate.  Achenia  compressed,  attenuate  at  base,  usually  glabrous.  Pappus  a 
single  series  of  capillary  scarcely  scabrous  bristles. — Chiefly  tropical  herbs,  with 
branching  stems,  and  variously  incised  leaves.  Heads  peduncied.  corymbose  or  pani- 
culate. Flowers  yellow. — T.  and  fi.FJ.  \.  Am. 


68          SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

long,  the  uppermost  nearly  linear,  entire,  viscid,  more  or  less  resimmsly 
punctate  ;  heads  clustered,  mostly  sessile ;  scales  of  the  involucre  ovate, 
with  scarious  margins,  imbricated  in  about  3  series;  achenia  glabrous. — 
Near  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Near  Pueblo,  Greene. 

PERicoME1  CAUDATA,  Gr.,  PL  Wright.,  2,  p.  82.  Herb  3°-4°  high,  much 
branched,  growing  in  large  bunches;  branches  terete,  striate,  sparingly 
puberulent  or  smooth;  leaves  on  long  petioles,  membranaceous,  3-nerved 
at  base,  dilated-triangular,  or  the  upper  hastate,  long-acuminate,  often 
angulate-toothed  below  the  middle,  larger  ones  3'  broad  and  4'  long 
including  the.  acuminatiori,  which  is  l£'-2'  in  length;  heads  in  ter- 
minal cymes  or  corymbs,  on  slender  pedicels  %  long;  involucre  not  brac- 
teate,  3"  long;  scales  narrowly-linear,  1-nerved,  coalescent  to  near  the 
apex,  free  tips  lauuginous-ciliate;  corolla  yellow,  the  slender  tube  vis- 
cous-glandular; achenia  2"  long,  much  compressed,  margined  all  around 
with  a  strong,  callous  nerve,  bearded  with  hispid  hairs. — Grand  Canon 
of  the  Arkansas,  Brandegee.  Chiann  Canon,  Meehan.  Ute  Pass,  Porter. 

DiAPERiA2  PROLIFERA,  Nutt.  Annual,  erect,  woolly;  stems  stout, 
rigid,  2/-5/  high,  terminated  by  a  capitate  cluster  J'-f  in  diameter  in- 
cluding a  large  number  of  small  heads;  some  of  the  branches  when 
numerous  arise  from  below  and  overtop  this  compressed  head;  leaves 
spatulate-oblong  or  liuear-spatulate,  numerous  sessile,  entire. — Hall. 

MELAMPODIUM  3  CINEREVM,  D  C.  Prod.,  5,  p.  518.  (M.  leucantlium.  T. 
&  G.  Fl.  N.  Am.%, p. 271.)  Sutiruticose,  much  branched  at  the  base,  G'-'l 0' 
high,  cinereous-pubescent;  leaves  very  numerous,  linear,  the  lower 
linear-spatulate,  obtuse,  entire  or  obtusely  sinuate-repand,  about  1'  long, 


E,  Gray,  in  PI.  Wriylit.,  2.  Heads  many  flowered  discoid  ;  involucre  shorter 
than  the  disk,  campanulate.  Scales  in  1  series,  about  20,  linear,  united  among  them- 
selves by  the  very  naiTow  hyaline  margins.  Receptacle  liattish,  naked.  Flowers  all 
hermaphrodite.  Coroll  astubular;  the  tube  slender,  viscous-glandular;  throat  cyliii- 
draceous;  teeth  4,  ovate,  spreading.  Anthers  exsert,  sub-sagittate  at  base.  Brandies 
of  the  style  filiform,  slightly  flattened,  obtusish,  minutely  hairy  on  the  outside  above 
and  at  the  apex.  Achenia  linear-oblong,  compressed,  very  smooth  on  the  faces, 
bearded-ciliate  on  the  nerve-like  margins.  Pappus  squamellse-eoroniform,  fimbriate- 
lacerate;  the  fmibria?  similar  to  the  strong  hairs  of  the  achenium. — Tall,  smooth, 
branching  herbs,  Avith  opposite  leaves  or  the  uppermost  subalternate,  triangular  or 
hastate,  very  long  acuminate,  slightly  resinose-punctate,  not  glandular.  Heads 
cyrnose.  Flowers  yellow. 

2DiAPEEiA,  Nutt, ,  Heads  fusiform-oblong,  disposed  in  sessile  glomerules  of  4-5  to- 
gether, which  are  collected  in  large  capitate  and  bracteate  compound  clusters  ter- 
minating the  stem  and  simple  or  mostly  proliferous  branches;  the  fertile  flowers  8-12, 
pistillate,  in  the  axils  of  the  chaff  of  the  receptacle,  with  a  much  attenuated  filiform 
truncate  corolla;  the  2-3  central  staminate,  with  a  tubular-infundibuliform  minutely 
4-toothed  corolla,  destitute  of  ovaries,  each  supported  by  a  filiform  stipe  and  inclosed 
in  a  chaff  of  the  receptacle.  Scales  of  the  involucre  and  the  chaff  of  the  small  con- 
vex receptacle  scarious,  oval,  broad  and  large  for  the  size  of  the  head,  closely  and 
somewhat  distichonsly  imbricated  and  wrapped  around  each  other,  the  inner  succes- 
sively longer;  the  2-3 innermost  chartaeeous,  attenuate  at  the  base,  woolly  toward  the 
apex,  each  convolute  and  separately  inclosing  a  sterile  flower.  Style  in  the  sterile 
flowers  undivided;  in  the  fertile  with  2-filiform  branches.  Achenia  obovoid-oblong, 
obcom pressed,  glabrous,  destitute  of  pappus. — T.  fy  G.  FL  JY.  Ant. 

3  MELAMPODIUM,  L.  Heads  many-flowered;  the  ray-flowers  5-10,  in  a  single  seiies; 
those  of  the  disk  sterile  by  the  abortion  of  the  style.  Involucre  double;  the  exteiior 
of  3-5  flat  and  spreading  foliaceous  scales ;  the  inner  as  many  as  the  ray-flowers  and 
inclosing  their  achenia.  Receptacle  convex  or  subulate-conical,  chaffy;  the  chat!' 
membranaceous,  deciduous.  Style  in  the  sterile  flowers  undivided  and  hairy  above. 
Achenia  of  the  disk  abortive;  of  the  ray  obovoid,  smooth,  slightly  curved,  invested  by 
the  inner  scales  of  the  involucre,  which  are  often  rugose  or  tiiberculate,  or  cucullate  at 
the  summit,  and  either  truncate  or  produced  into  1-3  teeth  or  awns. — Herbaceous  or 
suffruticose  (chiefly  Mexican)  plants,  with  diohotomous  stems,  opposite  sessile  leaves, 
and  terminal  or  alar  peduncles  bearing  a  single  head.  Flowers  vellow  or  white.  T.  «f 
G.  FIX.  Am. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA"  't>JP  ^COH&R^DO'."-  :  69 


strigose-hispid  above,  younger  ones  silky-hirsute  beneath  ;  peduncles 
elongated,  .bearing  single  heads;  rays  10,  oval-oblong,  emarginate  or 
2-3  toothed,  white,  thrice  the  length  of  the  ovate  and  hairy  exterior 
scales  of  the  involucre,  the  inner  inclosing  the  achenia,  tuberculate- 
scabrous  toward  the  base,  dilated  above  into  a  short,  smooth  hood,  trun- 
cate at  the  summit  with  the  margin  entire  and  involute.  —  Purgatory 
Paver,  Dr.  Bdl  Xear  Canon  City,  Redjield. 

IVA  AXILLARIS,  Pursh.  Stem  6'-15'  higli,  much  branched  from  a 
somewhat  slender,  woody  base,  very  leafy;  leaves  9"-15"  long,  3"-8" 
wide,  obovate  or  oblong,  obtuse,  narrowed  at  the  bas*e,  minutely  ap- 
pressed-  pubescent,  sessile;  heads  solitary  in  the  axils  of  the  leaves  on 
short,  recurved  pedicels  ;  scales  of  the  campanulate  involucre  4-5,  dis- 
tinct or  united  to  the  middle  ;  fertile  flowers  4-5  ;  chaff  of  the  receptacle 
filiform-linear.—  JTaM  d;  Harbour,  261. 

IVA  CILIATA,  Willd.—  Hall  cfc  Harbour,  262. 

IVA  (BUPHROSYNE)  XANTHUFOLIA,  Gr.—Hall  tO  Harbour,  263.  Den- 
ver, Dr.  Smith. 

AMBROSIA  TRIFIDA,  L.  —  Plains  around  Denver,  Coulter. 

AMBROSIA  PSILOSTACHYA,  DC.  —  On  the  Platte,  near  Denver,  Dr. 
Smith. 

FRANSERIA  l  TOMEXTOSA,  Gr.,  PL  FendL,  p.  80.  Herbaceous,  pubes- 
cent throughout,  with  a  soft,  silky,  and  silvery  pubescence  ;  stem  erect, 
about  1°  high,  paniculate,  bearing  numerous  panicled  branches;  leaves 
pinnately  3-5  parted,  very  white,  especially  beneath,  decurrent  into  a 
short,  narrowly-margined  petiole;  lowest  apparently  bipinnatifid,  lobes 
of  the  upper  ones  oblong  or  lanceolate,  dentate  or  very  entire  except 
the  large  3-lobed  terminal  one;  sterile  involucres  3"  in  diameter 
crowded  in  a  dense  raceme,  6-toothed,  18-20  flowered,  fertile  involucres 
J  the  size,  clustered  in  the  upper  axils,  ovoid,  viscous-puberulent,  beset 
with  strong,  subulate  spines  somewhat  hooked  at  the  apex,  two  of  them 
thicker  and  beaked,  two-flowered.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  264. 

FRANSERIA  HOOKERIANA,  Xutt.  Annual,  much  branched,  l°-2° 
high  ;  leaves  ovate  in  outline,  I'-IJ'  long,  minutely  strigose,  bipinnatifid, 
segments  oblong  or  linear;  heads~in  panicled  racemes,  fertile  ones  with 
several  strong,  flattened  prickles,  sterile  ones  with  a  5-8  cleft  involucre 
and  10-20  flowers;  chaff  of  the  sterile  receptacle  small  and  inconspicu- 
ous. —  Hall  c(-  Harbour,  265.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Near 
Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

FRANSERIA  TENUIFOLIA,  Gr.,  PL  FendL,  p.  80.  Stem  erect,  hispid; 
branches  diffuse,  slender;  leaves  bipinuatisect,  strigose,  hirsute,  some- 
what cinereous,  pinna*  and  segments  3-7,  linear,  entire  or  1-2  toothed, 
sometimes  with  a  few  separate  lobes  on  the  narrow  rachis,  terminal 
lobe  very  long;  raceme  spike-form,  slender,  disposed  in  a  leafy  panicle; 
involucres  of  the  male  flowers  equaling  the  pedicel,  7-8  toothed,  6-12 
flowered,  of  the  female  clustered  below,  armed  with  a  few  very  short 
uucinate  spines,  2-celled  within,  2  -flowered.  —  Xear  Pueblo,  Greene. 

FRANSERIA  DISCOLOR,  Nutt.     Stems  a  span  high  from  a  creeping 

1  FRAXSEKIA,  Cav.  Heads  of  two  sorts,  the  fertile  ones  at  the  base,  and  the 
sterile  ones  rum  posing  the  upper  portion  of  the  racemes  or  spikes.  Fertile  heads  with 
an  ovoid  or  oblong-  closed  involucre,  composed  of  numerous  united  scales,  the  tips  free 
and  spiuescent  or  hooked;  corolla  none  or  rudimentary:  style  with  filiform,  obtuse 
branches;  achenia  oblong:  pappus  none.  Sterile  heads  hemispherical;  the  12-20 
flowered,  cup-shaped  involucre  of  8-12  united  scales:  receptacle  nattish.  with  filiform 
chaff;  corolla  funnel-shaped.  4-5  toothed,  anthers  tipped  with  a  slender  inflexed  ap- 
endage  :  ovary  none;  style  radiate-penicillate  at  summit.  —  Herbs  or  suftrutesceut 
plants:  the  le;ives  alternate,  coarsely  toothed  or  lobed,  or  even  bipinnatifid. 


70  svxbftsis'  *(//*  THE  "FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

root,  with  lateral  decumbent  branches,  slightly  pubescent ;  leaves  lan- 
ceolate in  outline,  6'  long,  interruptedly  bipinnatitid,  nearly  smooth 
above,  closely  canesceut-toraentose  beneath,  segments  subovate,  acute, 
confluent  on  the  wide  rachis;  sterile  involucres  about  5-6  toothed ;  fertile 
flowers  few;  fruit  spiny. — Near  Denver,  Greene. 

ZINNIA1  GKRANDIFLORA,  Xutt.  Stems  numerous,  much-branched  from 
a  wroody  base,  4'-5'  high,  somewhat  hirsute;  leaves  opposite,  linear, 
connate,  with  scabrous  margins,  1'  long,  2"-3"  wide ;  scales  of  the  in- 
volucre rounded,  closely  imbricated;  rays  yellow,  very  large,  orbicular- 
oval,  f  wide;  palere  fiinbriate;  acheuia  of  the  disk  with  a  single  awn. — 
Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Colorado  Springs,  Eedfield. 

HELIOPSIS  L^SVIS,  Pursh. — Xear  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

EUDBECKIA  LAOINIATA,  L. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  B.  H.  tfrnith. 
Sierra  Madre  Bange,  Coulter. 

EUDBECKIA  HIRTA,  L.— On  the  Platte  near  Denver  and  Bear  Creek, 
Coulter. 

LEPACHYS  COLUMNARLS,  T.  &  G.  Strigose-scabrous,  branched  from 
the  base,  l°-2°  high ;  radical  leaves  usually  undivided,  spatulate-lance- 
olate,  caulineones  pinnately-parted,  the  upper  sessile,  segments  linear- 
lanceolate  or  oblong,  rigid,  mucrouulate,  entire,  rarely  somewhat  lobed; 
disk  columnar,  longer  than  the  5-8  oblong  or  obovate-oval,  recurved, 
yellow  rays;  chaff  with  woolly  tips.  Disk  1'  or  more  long. — Abundant 
on  the  plains  around  Denver  and  Colorado  Springs.  Hall  d*  Harbour, 
266;  Dr.  Smith;  Brandegee;  Coulter. 

Var.  TAOETES,  Gr.,  PI.  Wright,  1,  p.  106.  Kays  deep  reddish-browu.— 
Purgatory  Eiver,  Dr.  Bell.  Pueblo,  Greene. 

HELIANTHTJS  PETIOLARIS,  Nutt.  T.  &  G.  FL  N.  Am.  2,  p.  310.  Stem 
erect,  l°-3°  high,  strigose  or  hispid,  branching;  leaves  scabrous,  alter- 
nate, the  lower  sometimes  opposite,  ovate-lanceolate  or  ovate,  entire  or 
somewhat  repand-toothed,  3-iierved,  on  ver3r  long,  slender,  scabrous 
petioles;  peduncles  terminal,  naked,  bearing  solitary  (usually  large) 
heads;  scales  of  the  involucre  lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate;  disk- 
flowers  pubescent  at  base;  achenia  villous;  pappus  of  two  chaffy  awns. 
Heads  very  variable  in  size. — Near  Denver,  Dr.  &)n  ith.  Plai  us  near  Colo- 
rado Springs,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Jirandegee.  Meehan.  Along  the 
Platte,  Coulter.  Hall  cfc  Harbour,  270;  Parry,  420. 

HELIANTHUS  LENTICULARIS,  Dongl.  Annual,  scabrous  or  hispid, 
branching,  stout,  3°-8°  high;  leaves  ovate,  alternate,  acuminate,  coarsely- 
serrate,  3'-6'  long,  2/-4/  broad,  3-uerved  at  the  base  and  suddenly  nar- 
rowed into  a  petiole  nearly  as  long  as  the  leaf,  uppermost  often  lanceo- 
late and  entire ;  heads  mostly  panic-led,  peduncled  2'-4'  broad  ;  scales 
of  the  involucre  ovate,  ciliate,  abruptly  and  conspicuously  acuminate, 
in  about  3  rows,  spreading;  rays  20-40,  large;  chaff  of  the  flat  recep- 
tacle nearly  as  long  as  the  purplish  disk-flowers,  concave,  cariuate, 

1  ZINNIA,  L.  Heads  immy-tkrwered ;  the  ray-flowers  pistillate,  those  of  the  disk  tubu- 
lar, perfect.  Involucre  imbricate:  the  scnles  roundish  or  oval,  margined.  Receptacle 
conical  or  somewhat  cylindrical,  covered  with  oblong  eouduplicate,  chatty  scales  which 
envelope  the  disk  flowers.  Rays  obovate  or  oblong,  coriaceous,  reticulated,  persistent, 
continuous  with  the  summit  of  the  achenium,  or  rarely  somewhat  articulated.  Lobes 
of  the  corolla  of  the  disk  densely  velvety-villous  at  the  summit  with  colored  hairs. 
Branches  of  the  style  in  the  disk-flowers  terminated  by  a  hairy  somewhat  capitate 
cone.  Achenia  nearly  wingless;  those  of  the  ray  somewhat  3-sided,  mostly  destitute 
of  pappus;  of  the  disk,  compressed  or  flat,  1-2  awued  or  toothed,  rarely  naked. — Annual 
(American)  herbs,  with  opposite  mostly  sessile  entire  leaves.  Heads  solitary,  termi- 
nating the  branches,  showv,  persistent.  *  Rays  purple,  orange,  scarlet,  or  <>Teenish-\vhite. 
T.  f  G.  FL  X.  Am. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  71 

tricuspidate,  the  middle  point  ranch  the  strongest  and  dark-colored  ; 
achenia  finely  appressed-pubescent ;  pappus  of  two  lanceolate,  chaffy 
awns. — Plains  near  Denver  and  Colorado  Springs,  Porter;  Dr.  Smith. 
Caiioii  City,  Brandegee.  Along  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

HELIANTHUS  ORGYALIS,  DC.  Stem  tall,  6°-10°  high,  very  smooth ; 
leaves  very  numerous  and  narrow,  linear,  3'-6'  long,  l"-2"  wide,  flat,  the 
lower  remotely  denticulate,  1-nerved,  slightly  if  at  all  scabrous ;  heads 
5-7,  corymbose,  on  long  peduncles,  rather  large;  scales  of  the  involucre 
lax,  attenuate-subulate,  longer  than  the  disk;  rays  about  15,  I'  or  more 
long;  chaff  of  the  receptacle,  linear- subcuneifonn,  somewhat  ciliate  at 
the  apex ;  pappus  of  2-4  awns  ;  aeheuia  glabrous. — Parry,  57. 

HELIANTHUS  RIG-IDUS,  Desf. — Hall  <fc  Harbour;  Dr.  timith.  Canon 
City,  Brandegee.  Platte  River,  Coulter. 

HELIANTHUS  FUMILUS,  Nutt.  (?)  Sill.  Jour.,,  (X.  $.,)  v.  .'33,  p.  10. 
Stem  l°-3°  high,  hispid,  bearing  a  few  heads;  leaves  opposite,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  sub-entire,  cinereous-hispid,  (when  young,  covered  with  res- 
inous atoms,)  -tripli-nerved  next  the  base,  short-petioled,  uppermost 
lanceolate,  subsessile,  often  alternate ;  involucre  a  little  shorter  than 
the  disk,  scales  oblong,  not  appendaged,  obtusish,  white-villous  with- 
out; flowers  of  the  disk  yellow;  aeheuia  glabrous,  toward  the  apex 
sparsely  hispid-ciliate;  chaff  of  the  pappus  subulate,  a  little  shorter 
than  the  corolla,  with  smaller  ones  interposed  on  the  outside,  and  mar- 
gins appressed-hispid. — Hall  d'  Harbour,  269. 

HELIANTHUS  GIGANTEUS,  L. — Canon  City,  llrandcyee.  Denver,  Dr. 
Smith.  The  form  with  opposite  narrowly-lanceolate,  and  long  acumi- 
nate leaves,  and  long,  narrow,  foliaceous  involucral  scales. 

HELIANTHELLA1  UNIFLORA,  T.  &  G.  Stem  and  leaves  clothed  with 
a  short  and  soft,  somewhat-cinereous  pubescence,  2°-3°  high;  leaves 
broadly  lanceolate,  -A'-^'  long,  l'-2'  wide,  pointed,  narrowed  at  the  base, 
mostly  opposite,  lower  ones  petioled,  all  3-nerved  above  the  base ;  heads 
solitary  or  with  1-2  from  the  upper  axils,  on  long  peduncles,  2/-4/  broad; 
involucre  leafy  at  base,  scales  lanceolate,  ciliate-hirsute;  chaff  of  the 
slightly  convex  receptacle  closely  couduplicate,  delicately  scai  ions,  pu- 
bescent at  the  tip;  achenia  2- winged,  ciliate  and  pubescent,  crowned 
with  2  long  awns  and  2-4  intermediate  lacerate  squanielhe;  rays  15-20, 
pale  yellow. — Rail  d*  Harbour,  268.  Canon  City,  Brandeaee.  Near  Den- 
ver and  Horse  Shoe  Mountain,  Coulter. 

HELIANTHELLA PARRYI,  Gr., Proc. Acad.  Pit //.,  March.  1863, p.  68.  Xote. 
Hirsute;  stem  single  from  a  thickened  root;  radical  leaves  narrowly 
lanceolate,  hispidly-ciliate,  very  acute,  6'  long  including  the  petiole,  upper 
cauline  ones  sublinear,  V-2?  long;  heads  2-i,  small,  somewhat  nodding, 
on  short  or  elongated  peduncles;  scales  of  the  involucre  linear-lanceolate, 
long-acuminate,  inner  ones  exceeding  the  disk,  hispidly-ciliate;  chaff 
of  the  receptacle  slightly  scailous,  barbulate  on  the  truncate  apex; 
achenia  oblong,  awnless,  crowned  with  hyaline  squamelUe  which  are  re- 
solved into  a  villous  fringe  that  equals  the  proper  tube  of  the  corolla  in 

1  HEI.IANTHELLLA,  Torv.  &  Gr.  Heads  many-flowered :  the  i  ay-ri< » wers  H  >-24.  neutra  1 : 
those  of  the  disk  perfect.  Scales  of  the  involucre  linear  or  lanceolate,  in  about  2  series, 
loose,  somewhat  foliaceous.  Chaff  of  the  receptacle  persistent,  embracing  the  achenia. 
Corolla  of  the  disk  cylindrical,  elongated.  5-toothed,  with  a  very  short  proper  tube. 
Branches  of  the  style  very  hispid,  more  or  less  obtuse.  Ovary  compressed,  with  one  or 
both  margins  slightly  winged  and  produced  at  the  summit  into  a  short  auriculate  and 
lacerate  persistent  appendage  or  into  an  awn,  sometimes  with  intermediate  squamelhe, 
or  an  obscure  coroniform  fringe,  glabrous,  or  ciliate. — Perennial  herbs,  with  linear  or 
lanceolate  mostly  scattered  ami  sessile  entire  leaves,  and  solitary  showy  heads  termi- 
nating the  stem  or  branches.  T.  «|'  G.  FL  X.  Am. 


72  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

length;  involucre  6"  long;  disk  6"  broad;  ligules  7"-9"  long. — Caiiby. 
Ute  Pass,  Porter.  South  Park,  Coulter.  Central  City,  Greene. 

HELIOMERIS l  MULTIFLORA,  Nutt.  Jour.  Acad.  Phil.,  (N.  &,)  1,  p.  171- 
Steins  few  from  a  woody  root,  i°-2°  liigh,  simple  or  corymbosely  branched 
above;  leaves  narrowly  lanceolate,  l'-2J'  long,  3"-6"  broad,  more  or  less 
scabrous  pubescent,  entire  or  obscurely  serrate;  heads  6"-8"  broad, 
excluding  the  rays,  mostly  terminal  on  long  branches;  chaff  of  the  re- 
ceptacle rather  rigid,  pungently  acute,  villose;  rays  10-12,  oblong-oval, 
entire  or  slightly  emarginate;  achenia  compressed-pyriform,  scarcely 
angled,  black  and  somewhat  shining. — Hall  t&  Harbour, 211.  Near  Den- 
ver, Dr.  Smith.  Among  the  mountains,  Canby.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 
Mount  of  the  Holy  Cross  and  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

Yar.  LATIFOLI A,  Porter.  Taller,  3°  high;  leaves  larger,  3'-4'  long, 
I'-IJ  broad,  usually  serrulate  with  scattered  teeth. — Foot- hills  near  Col- 
or ad"o  Springs,  Porter. 

THELESPERMA2  FILIFOLIUM,  Gr.  Annual,  glabrous,  l°-2°  high,  much 
branched,  branches  slender ;  leaves  opposite,  1-2  pinnately  parted  or 
divided,  the  upper  3-5  divided  or  simple,  nearly  sessile,  divisions  atten- 
uate-filiform, scales  of  the  interior  involucre  with  broad  scarious  margins 
united  nearly  to  the  middle,  longer  than  the  linear-subulate,  exterior 
scales;  rays  obovate,  3-toothed;  acheuia  3"  long,  crowned  with  two 
triangular- subulate,  concave,  at  length  divaricate  short  awns  or  teeth 
which  are  fringed  with  yellow,  retiexed,  bristly  hairs;  heads  numerous, 
small,  G"  broad  without  the  rays. — Hall  &  Harbotir,  280.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Plains  around  Colorado  Springs, 
Porter.  Monument  Park,  Coulter  ;  Redfield. 

THELESPERMA  GRACILE,  Gr.  Erect,  2°-3°  high,  branched  above  5 
branches  strict,  elongated,  corymbose ;  leaves  pinnately  or  pedately  about 
5-parted,  with  narrowly-linear,  rigid  lobes,  the  uppermost  nearly  simple ; 
heads  few-many,  on  long  peduncles;  involucre  campanulate,  inner 
scales  united  above  the  middle,  obtuse  or  acutish,  often  with  narrow, 
scarious  margins,  exterior  ovate,  very  short,  obtuse  ;  rays  none ;  achenia 
oblong-linear,  crowned  with  2  stout  subulate,  persistent,  spreading,,  re- 
trorsely  pectinate-hispid  awns. — Hall  &  Harbour,  279.  Plains  around 
Denver  and  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

COREPOSIS  TINCTORIA,  Nutt. — On  the  plains.    Hall. 

COREPOSIS  INVOLUCRATA,  ^utt.  u Minutely  pubescent,  stem  quad- 
rangular below ;  leaves  1-2  piunately  3-7  parted,  the  divisions  linear  - 


1  HELIOMERIS,  Nutt. 


,  Nutt.  Heads  many-flowered,  radiate;  rays  neutral;  disk-flowers 
numerous,  perfect,  the  corolla  with  a  very  short  pubescent  proper  tube,  (i.  e.  ampli- 
ated  very  near  the  base,)  5-toothed.  Involucre  spreading;  oblong-linear  scales  in  about 
2  rows.  Receptacle  oblong-conical,  covered  with  persistent  lanceolate,  concave-cari- 
nate  chaff,  partly  embracing  the  disk-flowers  and  nearly  their  length.  Stamens  with 
broad  ovate  appendages  and  blackish  anthers.  Branches  of  the  style  obloiig-clavatc, 
slightly  hispid.  Achenia  cuneate-oblong,  compressed-quadrangular,  entirely  destitute' 
of  pappus. — Perennial  Western  North  American  herbs  or  sunrutescent  plants,  with 
nearly  entire,  mostly  opposite  leaves  and  yellow  flowers,  smaller  than  those  of  most 
ffcUanthi. 

-  THELKSPERMA,  Gray.  ( Covmidhim,  T.  &  G.,  FL  X.  Am.)  Heads  many-flowered ;  the 
ray-flowers  about  8,  neutral,,  or  sometimes  wanting;  those  of  the  disk  tubular,  perfect. 
Involucre  double,  each,  of  8  scales;  the  interior  oblong-ovate,  somewhat  niembrana- 
ceous,  united  to  the  middle,  much  larger  than  the  exterior.  Receptacle  flat ;  the  chaff 
scarious,  oblong,  obtuse,  with  *2  approximate  colored  nerves,  shorter  than  the  flowers, 
partly  investing  the  achenia,  and  deciduous  with  them.  Corolla  of  the  disk  with  a 
very  slender  tube  and  a  deeply  5-cleft  limb ;  the  segments  long  and  linear,  recurved, 
Achenia  linear-oblong  (obscurely-angled  when  young,)  terete  or  slightly  Decompressed, 
a  little  incurved  and  tubercnlate  on  the  back  when  mature,  not  rostrate,  the  abrupt 
summit  crowned  with  2  dentiform  retrosely  pectiiiate-ciliate  (persistent '?)  awns. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  73 

lanceolate,  iucisely  toothed;  heads  pauicnlate  ;  scales  of  the  exterior  in- 
volucre about  20,  linear-lanceolate,  hirsute  (as  well  as  the  peduncles) 
longer  than  the  interior  ;  acheiiium  oval,  hispid-ciliate,  2-  toothed  at  the 
summit/'  —  Parry,  31.  Plains. 

BIDENS  FRONDOSA,  L.  —  Caiion  City,  Brandegee.    Introduced. 

BIDENS  CHRYSANTHEMOIDES,  MX.  —  Plains  uear  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

BIDENS  BIPINNATA,  L.  —  Ute  Pass,  Porter.    Introduced. 

BIDENS  TENUISECTA,  Gr.,  PL  FendL,  86.  Annual,  nearly  glabrous  ; 
stein  l°-2°  high,  very  smooth,  terete,  branching,  ascending  ;  branches 
striate-angled,  with  i-3  heads  at  the  naked  summits  ;  leaves  opposite 
or  alternate,  bipiiiuately-parted  or  biternately-divided,  segments  linear, 
very  entire  or  2-3  lobed,  a  little  broader  than  the  rachis  ;  scales  of  the 
hirsute  involucre  linear;  rays  5-8,  inconspicuous,  scarcely  equaling 
the  disk  ;  achenia  attenuate  linear,  glabrous,  somewhat  4-augled,  striate, 
awns  2,  short.  —  Huerfano  County,  Greene. 

XiMENESiA1  ENCELIOIDES,  Cav.  Annual,  cinereous-pubescent;  stems 
stout,  striate,  3°-5Ghigh;  branched  above;  leaves  opposite  or  alternate, 
ovate,  coarsely  dentate-serrate,  tapering  into  sj  long,  winged  petiole, 
tripli-nerved,  paler  beneath;  heads  corymbose  on  long,  naked  pedun- 
cles; achenia  of  the  disk  slightly  villous,  surrounded  by  a  broad  wing, 
emarginate  at  the  summit  of  the  deeply  3-toothed,  yellow  ray.  rugose 
and  wingless.  —  Abundant  around  Caiion  City,  Brandegee. 

DYSODIA  CHRYSA^THEMOIDES,  Lag.  —  Plains  around  Denver  and  Colo- 
rado Springs,  Porter. 

GAiLLARDiA2  ARISTATA,  Pursh.  Perennial,  villous-pubesceiit  or  almost 
tomentose  with  jointed  hairs;  stem  simple  or  branched,  l°-2°  high;  leaves 
alternate,  minutely  punctate,  radical  and  lower  ones  lanceolate,  tapering 
into  slender  petiojes,  sinuate-pinnatin'd  or  coarsely  toothed,  minutely  ser- 
rate or  nearly  entire,  the  uppermost  linear  or  oblong-lanceolate;  sessile, 
usually  dilated  at  the  base,  and  partly  clasping;  heads  large,  li'-2J'  in 
diameter  including  the  rays;  involucre  hirsute;  corollas  of  the  disk 
with  short,  broadly  subulate  teeth,  of  a  rich  brownish  -purple  or  maroon 
color:  rays  10-18,  crowded,  elongated  cuneiform,  deep  yellow;  chaff  of 
the  pappus  0-8,  broadly  lanceolate;  nmbrilhe  of  the  receptacle  few, 
arista*  form,  slender,  distinct,  not  dilated  at  the  base,  2-3  times  the  length 
of  the  nearly  smooth  achenia.  —  Hall  cfc  Harbour.  Near  Denver,  B. 
H.  Smith.  Pleasant  and  Monument  Parks,  Coulter.  Sangrede  Cristo 
Kange,  Reflficld. 

GAILLARDIA  PINNATTFIDA,  Ton-.    Ann.  S.  Y.  Lye.  2,  p.  214.    Peren- 


.  Cav.  Heads  many-flowered^  the  rays  ligulate,  in  a  single 
Scales  of  the  involucre  somewhat  in  '2  series,  narrow,  acute,  t'oliaceous,  spreading. 
Receptacle  convex:  the  chaff  lanceolate,  membranaceoos,  embracing  the  flowers.  Tube 
of  the  corolla  his])i<l.  Branches  of  the  style  in  the  disk-flowers  appendiculftte. 
Achenia  of  the  disk  Hat  (ct)in])ressed  laterally.)  winded,  sonn'what  hairy,  deeply  emar- 
giiiate  at  the  summit,  with  2  setiform  awns  more  or  less  united  with  the  win«;;  those 
of  rhe  ray  mostly  dissimilar  and  wingless.  T.  .y-  (i.  /•'/.  X.  Am. 

-GAILLAHDIA,  FOII^C.  Heads  many-floweiv*!,  radiate:  the  ray-tlowers  neutral,  in  a 
single  series,  deciduous.  Scales  of  the  involucre  in  about  3  series,  vt-ry  acute. 
foliaceoiis,  more  or  less  callous  and  appressed  or  erect  at  the  base,  above  spreading  or 
at  length  rehYxed  :  the  «'xterior  largest.  Keceptacle  convex  or  hemispherical,  limbril- 
late  (the  timbrilhe  rigid  or  corneous  and  elongated,)  or  in  one  species  nearly  naked. 
Rays  cuneiform,  palmately  3-cleft  or  toothed  at  the  summit.  Corolla  of  the  disk 
with  a  short  tube,  and  an  elongated  cylindraceous  somewhat  inflated  5-toothed  limb: 
the  teeth  usually  subulate,  and  hispid  with  jointed  hairs.  Branches  of  the  style  ter- 
minated with  a  very  long  and  acute  filiform  hispid  appendage.  Achenia  obpyramidal, 
iuvolucrate  with  villous  hairs.  Pappus  of  (>-10  membranous  1-neived  scales,  the 
nerve*?  produced  into  awns  about  the  length  of  the  corolla.  T.  (y-  (!.  FL  X.  Am. 


74          SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

nial,  canescent;  stems  8'-lU'  high,  branching;  leaves  sessile,  piima- 
tifid,  the  rachis  and  remote  lobes  linear;  heads  rather  small  ;  involucre 
in  about  2  series,  nearly  equal  to  the  disk;  rays  deeply  3-cleft;  chaff  of 
the  pappus  lanceolate;  fimbrilhe  of  the  receptacle  aristreform,  slender, 
sparse,  longer  than  the  achenia.  —  Purgatory  Kiver,  Dr.  Bell. 

GAILLABDIA  PULCHELLA,  Foug.  Annual,  pnberulent,  or  slightly 
hirsute,  branching;  leaves  lanceolate,  the  lower  ones  tapering  at  the 
base  and  slightly  petioled,  somewhat  toothed  or  rarely  incised,  the 
upper  entire,  partly  clasping,  apiculate-acumiuate  ;  involucre  very  hir- 
sute and  callous  at  the  base,  longer  than  the  disk  ;  heads  V  or  more  in 
diameter;  rays  10-12,  attenuate  at  the  base,  deeply  3-cleft,  violet-purple, 
the  teeth  yellow;  corolla  of  the  disk  with  attenuate,  subulate  teeth; 
chaff  of  the  pappus  ovate,  or  lanceolate-oblong,  with  long  awns;  tiru- 
brillie  of  the  receptacle  arista^form-subulate,  not  dilated  at  the  base, 
slender,  longer  than  the  achenia;  achenia  involucrate  with  a  villous- 
ferruginous  tuft.  —  Plains  of  Eastern  Colorado,  Dr.  Bell. 

PALAFOXIA1  HOOKEEIAXA,  T.  &  G.,  (P.  Texana,  Hook.)  Plant  l°-2° 
high,  strigose-scabrous  ;  branches  paniculate  or  corymbose  ;  leaves 
lanceolate,  1-3  nerved;  heads  9"  long,  many-flowered,  radiate  j  scales 
of  the  involucre  12  or  more,  very  glandular  as  well  as  the  peduncles 
and  branches,  imbricated  in  2  series,  exterior  lanceolate,  interior  obovate- 
lanceolate  or  oblong;  rays  8-10,  more  or  less  exserted,  purple,  broadly 
cuneiform,  deeply  «'*  cleft;  limb  of  the  disk-corolla  5-cleft  below  the 
middle  ;  pappus  of  the  disk-flowers  of  t>-8  narrowly-lanceolate,  acu- 
minate scales  as  long  as  the  attenuated,  hairy  achenium,  in  the  rays  ot 
as  many  obovate-spatulate,  very  obtuse,  rigid  scales,  many  times 
shorter  than  the  nearly  glabrous  achenia.  —  Rail  &  Harbour,  352. 

Cn^ENACTis2  DOUGLASII,  Hook.  &  Arn.  (C.  achillctcfolia,  H.  &  A.) 
"  Biennial  and  sometimes  annual,  whitened  with  a  close  tomentuin,  or 
rarely  smoothish  ;  stems  2°-3°  high,  simple  or  much  branched,  often 
several  from  one  root  ;  leaves  somewhat  fleshy,  I'-.')'  long,  ovate, 
oblong  in  outline,  2-3  pinnatifld  Avith  very  numerous  and  often 
crowded,  minute  oblong  or  obovate,  rounded  lobes;  heads  few-many, 
corymbed  ;  involucres  turbinate  or  campauulate,  the  oblong-linear  scales 
in  1-2  series  ;  tlowers  6"—  7"  long,  whitish  or  flesh-colored  ;  corollas 
pubescent,  marginal  ones  scarcely  larger  ;  achenia  linear,  hispid, 
blackish,  as  long  as  the  corolla;  pappus  of  about  10  unequal  and 
oblong  or  lanceolate,  erosely-deuticulate  scales,  i-§  as  long  as  the 


,  Lagasca.  Heads,  10-30  flowered;  the  tlowers  all  perfect  and  tubular. 
or  tlit>  exterior  series  either  imperfectly  or  manifestly  radiate  ;  the  rays  3-cleft,  pistil- 
late, .scales  of  the  obeoiiical  or  eampanulate  involucre  8-15,  membranous  or  her- 
baceous with  scarious  tips,  appressed  (or  spreading  in  fruit,)  in  1-2  series,  shorter 
than  the  disk.  Receptacle  small,  flat,  naked  or  slightly  alveolate.  Corolla  of  the 
disk  with  a  slender  tube  and  an  expanded  deeply  .Vclci't  or  :Vp;nted  limb:  the  lobes 
linear  or  lanceolate,  spreading,  glabrous.  Branches  of  1  he  style  lony;  and  liliform, 
Hattish,  glandular-pubescent  throughout.  Achenia  quadi-angular,  slendt-r,  tapering 
to  the  base,  minutely  pubescent.  Pappus  of  G-l^membramu-eous.  d«'nticulate,pinnately 
striate  scales,  furnished  with  a  strong  midnerve,  which  is  thickened  at  the  base  and 
often  somewhat  produced  at  the  apex;  the  pappus  of  the  exteiior  tlowers  of  fen  much 
shorter.  T.  j-  G.  FL  X.  Jw. 

-  1Cii.EXA€Tis,  DC.  Meads  niauy-ilowered  ;  tlowers  all  tubular  and  perfect;  the 
corollas  glabrous  or  puberuleut,  elongated,  narrowly  obconic  or  ampliated  above  and 
trumpet-shaped.  5-toothed  ;  the  outer  ones  (rays)  more  expanded  than  the  rest  and 
often  somewhat  irregularly  ventricose,  5-cleft  ;  teeth  or  lobes  pubescent.  Involucre 
rampanulate  ;  the  scales  oblong-linear,  about  '20,  in  1-2  rows.  Receptacle  alveolate. 
Style  with  very  long,  narrowly-linear  branches,  the  upper  part  hispid.  Acheuia 
linear,  tapering  to  the  base,  striate  or  quadrangular.  Pappus  of  4-12  hyaline,  mem- 
branous, usually  nerveless  scales,  with  erosely-dentieulate  margins,  those  of  the  disk 
tlowers  usually  much  shorter. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.          75 

acheuium."  We  have  adopted  for  this  variable  species  the  excellent 
emended  description  of  Prof.  Eaton  in  King's  Report,  vol.  5,  p.  172. 
— Hall  &  Harbour,  283;  Parry;  Canty.  Upper  Arkansas,  Porter. 
Saugre  de  Cristo  Pass  and  Sierra  Mojado,  Brandegce.  Twin  Lakes, 
Mount  La  Plata,  and  Sierra  Madre  Bange,  Coulter. 

HYMEXOPAPPUS  TENUIFOLIUS,  Pursh.  Whitened-tomentose,  often 
becoming  smoothish ;  stems  8'-15'  high,  leafy  at  base,  sparingly 
corymbose  toward  the  summit,  sometimes  several  from  a  rather  stout, 
simple  or  branched,  perennial  caudex;  radical  leaves  petioled,  2/-4/ 
long,  2-3  pinna tely  divided,  divisions  very  narrowly  linear,  caiiline  ones 
sessile,  similar  but  smaller  or  reduced  above  the  linear  bracts ;  heads 
pedunculate,  4"-6"  wide,  hemispherieal-campanulate ;  scales  of  the  in- 
volucre 6-8,  oval,  appressed,  with  broad,  obscurely-denticulated,  scarious 
margins ;  corolla-tube  very  short,  throat  abruptly  inflated ;  pappus  of 
spatulate-oblong,  obtuse,  slightly-erose  scales,  nerved  to  the  middle, 
mostly  as  long  as  the  tube  of  the  corolla. — Hall&  Harbour,  282.  Upper 
Arkansas,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 
Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Redfield. 

BAHIA1  OPPOSITIFOLIA,  T.  &  G.  Perennial,  canescently  pubescent, 
very  much  branched  from  the  base  upward,  4'-S'  high ;  branches  op- 
posite, more  or  less  spreading  or  decumbent;  leaves  opposite,  petio- 
late,  1-2  palmately  divided,  segments  linear  or  lance-linear,  about  V 
long;  peduncles  slender;  involucre  campanulate;  scales  5-8,  oblong- 
ovate;  rays  about  the  same  number,  very  short;  pappus  minute,  scales 
5-8,  partly  obtuse,  somewhat  lacerate  ;  achenium  fusiform,  tapering  to 
the  base,  sparingly  scabrous. — Hall  ci*  Harbour,  278.  Around  Denver, 
Dr.  Sitilth.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee;  Cahby. 

ViLLANOVA2  CHRYSANTHEMOIDES,  Gr.  PL  Wright.,  2,  p.  96.  Puber- 
ulent ;  stems  erect,  l°-4°  high,  coryinbosely-panieulate  above;  flowering 
branches  and  peduncles  viscous-glandular;  leaves  alternate,  1-2  ter- 
nately  parted,  segments  2-3  lobed  or  pinnatitid,  lobes  oblong  or  sub- 
linear,  obtuse ;  heads  6"  in  diameter  exclusive  of  the  ligules  which  are 
5"  long ;  flowers  all  yellow ;  scales  of  the  involucre  16-20,  in  about  o 
series,  equal,  acuminate,  herbaceous;  ligules  16-20,  oval-oblong;  flow- 
ers of  the  disk  many,  tubes  glandular;  receptacle  rather  convex  ;  ache- 
nia  quadrangular,  sub-clavate,  nearly  glabrous,  striate,  all  fertile. — Hall& 
Harbour,  281.  Canon  City,  Bnuidegee.  Soda  Springs,  Porter.  Twin 
Lakes,  Coulter. 

ACTINELLA  ACAULIS,  L.  Caespitose,  dwarf  and  acauleseeut,  villous 
pubescent  or  silky;  cuudex  perennial,  simple  or  branching;  leaves  all 
radical,  spatulate  or  linear-obovate,  entire,  1/-2J/  long ;  scapes  l/-6/  high, 
usually  leafless  and  bearing  a  single  head,  O'^-lo"  broad;  involucre  of 
2  rows  of  oval  or  oblong  scales,  equaling  the  disk ;  rays  10-12,  broadly 
cuneate,  3-toothed.  and  often  sprinkled  with  resinous  atoms  ;  pappus  of 

1  BAIIIA,  Lagasea.  Heads  many-flowered," radiate;  rays  5-30,  pistillate,  fertile;  disk- 
rtoAvers  tubular,  perfect,  fertile  ;"  corollas  glandular-hairy,  5-toothed.  Involucre  sub- 
globose  or  campauulate;  the  scales  appressed,  in  one  or  two  rows.  Receptacle  convex 
or  conical ;  naked  branches  of  the  style  in  the  disk-flowers  short,  thickened  at  the  apex, 
and  obtuse,  or  truncate,  or  with  a  conical  fleshy  appendage.  Achenia  narrowly  tur- 
binate  or  linear,  4-sided.  Pappus  a  crown  of  short  scarious  nerveless  or  rarely  1 -nerved 
and  even  awnless  scales. 

2ViLLANOVA,  Lagasca,  DC.  Prod.  6,  p.  75.  Heads  few-flowered,  heterogamous. 
Ray-florets  5-10,  pistillate,  ligulate,  obovate,  toothed  at  the  apex.  Flowers  of  the 
disk  perfect,  fertile,  tubular,  terete,  5-toothed.  Scales  of  the  campanulate  involucre 
tew,  iii  1  series.  Receptacle  flat,  naked.  Branches  of  the  style  in  the  disk-flowers 
capitate,  blunt.  Acheiiia  obpyramidal,  wingless,  punctate,  glabrous.  Disk  epigynous, 
minute.  Pappus  none. 


76  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

5-7  broadly  ovate  scales,  tipped  with  slender  awns.  Alpine.— Hall  cO 
Harbour,  276. ,  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Mount  Lincoln,  at  14,000 
feet  altitude,  and  Horse  Shoe  Mountain,  Coulter.  South  Park,  Canby. 
Meehan. 

ACTINELLA  SCAPOSA,  ^utt.  Villous ;  scapes  single  from  a  woody 
caudex,  6'-9'  high,  leafless,  bearing  a  single  head  ;  leaves  radical,  linear- 
spatulate,  acute  or  obtusish,  2/-3/  long,  2"-3"  wide,  becoming  smooth  and 
shining,  conspicuously  punctate,  entire;  heads  V  wide,  including  the  rays  ; 
scales  of  the  involucre  ovate,  appressed,  rather  shorter  than  the  disk,  in 
about  3  series,  densely  villous ;  rays  about  12,  3"-4//  long,  cuneate-ob- 
ovate,  bright  yellow,  4-nerved  and  3-toothed ;  scales  of  the  pappus  5, 
short-awned,  oval. — Hall  &  Harbour,  27 '5.  Monument  Park,  Porter.  Gar- 
den of  the  Gods,  Coulter. 

ACTINELLA  BICHAUDSONII,  Nutt.  Puberulent ;  stems  3/-G/  high  from 
a  perennial,  somewhat  branching,  woody  caudex;  leaves  petioled,  rigid, 
3/_6'  long,  pinuately  or  irregularly  3-7  parted  toward  the  summit,  divi- 
sions narrowly  linear;  heads  loosely  corymbose,  9//-12//  broad,  including 
the  rays ;  involucre  shorter  than  the  disk ;  scales  in  2  rows,  oblong  or 
ovate,  the  exterior  united  at  the  base  ;  pappus  of  5-7  ovate-lanceolate, 
cuspidate-awned  scales ;  caudex  and  bases  of  the  lower  leaves  woolly 
tonientose. — Hall  &  Harbour,  274.  Abundant  at  middle  elevations,  South 
Park  and  Ute  Pass,  Porter.  Wilson  Creek,  Fremont  County,  Brande- 
gee. Canby.  Twin  Lakes  and  Weston's  Pass,  Coulter.  Redjield. 

ACTINELLA  GEANDIFLORA,  T.  &  G.  Perennial,  more  or  less  densely 
clothed  with  soft,  white  wool ;  stems  erect  from  a  woody  caudex,  stout, 
striate,  6/-9/  high,  leafy,  simple  or  with  2-3  branches  from  the  base  or 
middle  of  the  stem  ;  lower  leaves  pinnately  or  bipiunately  parted,  with 
margined  petioles  from  broad  scarious  bases,  2'-2£'  long,  including 
the  petiole,  divisions  linear ;  upper  cauline  leaves  simple  or  sparingly 
divided ;  heads  very  large,  2'-3'  broad,  including  the  bright  yellow 
rays;  involucre  very  densely  woolly  with  copious  white  wool;  scales 
of  the  involucre  in  about  2  series,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  exceeding  the 
disk;  ligules  oblong,  6"-12"  in  length,  2-3-cleft  at  the  truncate  apex; 
scales  of  the  pappus  6-8,  narrowly  subulate,  exceeding  the  tube  of  the 
corolla ;  acheuia  villous-hispid.  A  very  showy,  high-alpine  plant. 
—Hall  &  Harbour,  273.  Parry  ;  Meehan.  Mount  Lincoln,  at  14,000  feet 
altitude,  Gray's  Peak,  at  12,000  feet,  and  White  House  Mountain,  at 
13,000  feet,  Coulter. 

Var  GrLABRATA,  Porter.  Softly  tomentose,  becoming  glabrate  ? 
stems  simple  from  a  woody  caudex,  O'-S'  high,  unbranched,  naked 
above,  bearing  a  single  head ;  lower  leaves  spatulate-liuear,  simple 
or  3-7-parted  at  the  summit,  with  long,  flat,  margined  x^etioles  from 
somewhat  expanded,  scarious  bases,  2/-3/  long,  including  the  petiole, 
di vision s»linear  •  upper  leaves  linear,  entire;  heads  IJ'-IJ7  broad  includ- 
ing the  rays;  scales  of  the  involucre  ovate,  rather  obtuse,  in  about  2 
series,  woolly,  but  not  conspicuous^  so,  much  shorter  than  the  disk ; 
ligules  about  6"  long,  rather  narrow,  j'ellow,  2-3-cleft  at  the  apex ;  scales 
of  the  pappus  5,  subulate,  acuminate,  sharply  serrate  on  the  margins, 
much  shorter  than  the  corolla  of  the  disk,  lead-colored ;  acheuia  viliose. 
Alpine. — Sangre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegee. 

HELENIUM  ATITUMNALE,  L. — Platte  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Wet 
Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

HELENIUM  HOOPESII,  Gr.  Proc.  Acad.  Phil.,  March,  1863,  p.  65.  Note. 
Stem  stout,  somewhat  tomentose  above,  striate-angled,  2°-4°  high; 
leaves  pale  glaucous,  thickish,  punctate,  smooth  or  slightly  pubescent, 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.          77 

entire :  radical  ones  lanceolate-spatulate,  narrowed  into  a  short-winged 
petiole,  often  very  large,  G'-ll'  long;  cauliue  ones  oblong-lanceolate, 
seini-amplexicaul ;  peduncles  thickened  above ;  heads  on  long  peduncles, 
naked  above,  3-6,  very  large,  2'-3'  broad;  scales  of  the  involucre 
lanceolate  or  linear,  whitish-tomentose;  receptacle  subglobose;  rays 
15-20,  linear,  cuneate,  about  1'  long,  orange-yellow;  pappus  of  lanceo- 
late, subulate,  obscurely-nerved  scales,  a  little  shorter  than  the  corolla 
of  the  disk,  as  long  as  the  silky-villous  acheniuin.  A  very  showy  plant. 
— Hoopes.  Wet  Mountain  Yalley,  Brandegee.  Sierra  Madre  Range, 
Ooulter. 

ACHTLLEA  MILLEFOLIUM,  L. — Very  common  throughout  Colorado, 
Dr.  Smith  ;  Porter;  Coulter;  Brandegee ;  Canby ;  Median. 

LEUCAMPYX1  XEWBERRYI,  Gray. — Herbaceous,  at  first  woolly,  at 
length  nearly  glabrous;  stems  stout,  l°-2°  high,  coryinbosely  branched; 
leaves  2-3  piimately  parted,  segments  short,  linear,  re  volute  on  the  mar- 
gins, radical  ones  lanceolate  in  outline,  4'-6'  long  including  the  petioles; 
heads  many,  rather  large,  long-peduncled ;  scales  of  the  involucre  obo- 
vate,  obtuse,  with  broad  scarious  tips ;  corolla  of  the  disk  yellow,  of  the 
ray  white  or  cream-colored  with  a  spreading  cuneate  limb  6"  long;  ach- 
euia  glabrous,  angled,  black. — This  only  species  of  the  genus,  which  in 
habit  resembles  a  Hymenopappus,  was  first  collected  in  1867,  by  Dr. 
Xewberry  in  Xew  Mexico,  and  later  in  1872,  by  Prof.  Porter,  at  the  Soda 
Springs,  35  miles  X.  W.  of  Canon  City. 

ARTEMISIA  DRACUNCULOIDES,  Pursli. — Hall  t(-  Harbour,  302.  Canon 
City,  Brandcgee.  Hoopes.  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

ARTEMISIA  BOREALIS,  Pall. — Parry. 

ARTEMISIA  CANADEXSIS,  MX. — Hall  &  Harbour,  300;  Canby;  Dr. 
tim  ith  ;  Porter  ;  Hoopes. 

ARTEMISIAFILIFOLIA,  TOIT.  Stems  l°-3°  high,  with  slender,  virgate, 
pauicled  branches ;  leaves  l'-2'  long,  whitish-tomentose,  becoming 
smooth,  filiform,  with  revolute  edges,  lower  ones  mostly  3-parted;  heads 
very  small,  crowded  in  virgate.  leafy  panicles,  tomentose,  3-5  flowered; 
two  florets,  pistillate  and  fertile,  with  short  truncate  corollas,  the  rest 
perfect  but  sterile ;  corollas  funnel-form,  5-toothed.  Hall  i(-  Harbour,  307. 
Xear  Denver.  Dr.  Smith. 

ARTEMISIA  TRIDENT  AT  A,  Pursli.  Shrubby,  l°-6°  high,  much  branched, 
densely  silvery-canescent ;  leaves  crowded,  cuneiform,  6//-12'/  long, 
usually  3-toothed  at  the  apex,  teeth  short  and  obtuse,  those  of  the  flower- 
ing branchlets  often  linear  and  entire;  heads  obovoid,  5-6  flowered;  outer 
scales  of  the  involucre  tomentose,  very  short,  inner  ones  scarious ;  flow- 
ers all  perfect  and  fertile;  corollas  funnel-form,  5-toothed,  the  proper 
tube  very  short ;  styles  2-cleft,  the  branches  widened  somewhat  upward, 
truncate  and  somewhat  penicillate.— On  the  Blue  River,  west  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  Range.  Hall  &  Harbour,  306.  Canby.  B.  H.  Smith. 
On  the  Arkansas,  Porter  ;  Coulter. 

1  LKUCAMPYX,  A.  Gray  (in  Benth.  &  Hook.  Grew.  PI.  2.  p.  42*2.)  Heads  heterogamous, 
radiate :  flowers  of  tin-  ray  in  one  series,  pistillate :  those  of  the  disk  perfect;  both  feitile. 
Involucre  broadly  hemispherical :  bracts  in  '2-3  series,  imbricated,  broadly  scarions  at 
the  apex.  Receptacle  somewhat  convex,  covered  with  broad  meinbranaceons-hyaline, 
chaffy  scales  half  inclosing  the  acheiiia.  Corollas  of  the  ray  pistillate  ;  tub*  slender  : 
limb  broad,  3-toothed  or  3-cleft  at  the  apex;  those  of  the  disk  perfect,  regular,  tubu- 
lar: limb  campaiiulate,  5-cleft  at  the  apex.  Anthers  obtuse  at  base,  entire.  Branches 
of  the  style  in  the  perfect  flowers  \\ith  short  penicillate  appendages.  Achenia'cnueate. 
incurved,  dorsally  compressed,  subtriquetrous.  attenuate  at  base,  obtuse  at  the  apex. 
Pappus  noiir. 


78  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

ARTEMISIA  LUDOVICIANA,  Nutt. — Plains  around  Denver,  Coulter.  BK! 

Var.  LATILOBA,  Nntt.  Lower  leaves  dilated,  deeply  pinnatiftd  or  tho 
upper  trifid,  the  lobes  and  the  upper  leaves  broadly  lanceolate,  the  upper 
surface  less  toinentose  or  becoming'  smooth. — Near  Denver,  Dr.  timith. 
Glen  Eyrie,  Porter. 

Yar.  GNAPHALODES,  T.  &  G.  Very  tomentose-canescent  throughout ; 
leaves  entire  or  sharply  and  irregularly  serrate  to  wards  the  apex.— Near 
Denver,  Dr'.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith. 

Yar.  MEXICANA,  Gr.  Lower  leaves  piunatifid,  upper  ones  trifid; 
lobes  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  with  revolute  margins;  heads  small, 
tomentose-canescent. — Huerfano  County,  Greene. 

ARTEMISIA  DISCOLOR,  Pall.  Suffruticose,  erect  or  ascending,  1^-2° 
high,  glabrous,  simple  below ;  leaves  l'-3'  long,  mostly  smooth  above, 
paler  and  toinentose  beneath,  pinnatc4y-lobed  with  lanceolate,  pointed, 
entire  or  sparingly  toothed  segments,  with  revolute  margins;  heads  sub- 
globose,  lJ"-2"  broad,  disposed  in  an  elongated,  virgate  raceme,  or 
strict  panicle;  involucre  at  first  toinentose,  cup-shaped,  the  outer  scales 
ovate,  inner  ones  oval,  with  hyaline,  ci Hate-fringed  margins;  receptacle 
smooth ;  florets  numerous,  a  fewr  of  the  outer  ones  pistillate,  fertile,  with 
very  slender  corollas  and  smooth  branches  of  the  style,  the  rest  perfect, 
fertile,  with  funnel-form  corollas  and  truncate,  penicillate  styles. — Sierra 
Madre  Eange,  Coulter. 

ARTEMISIA  FRIGID  A,  Willd. — Hall  &  Harbour,  304;  Parry ;  T)r.  Smith  ; 
B.  H.  8 with;  Porter;  Meehan;  Brandegee;  Coulter. 

ARTEMISIA  ARCTIC  A,  Less.  Herbaceous,  tomeiitose-pubescent  or  nearly 
glabrous;  stems  S'-15'  high,  simple,  erect,  leafy,  terminating  in  a  virgate 
raceme  or  sparingly-branched  panicle,  somewhat  angled;  lower  leaves 
bipinnatih'd,  on  long  petioles,  lobes  linear  or  linear-lanceolate,  iucisely 
toothed;  heads  large,  globose,  nodding,  sessile  or  on  short  slender  peti- 
oles; scales  of  the  involucre  ovate,  with  blackish  scarious  margins. — Hall 
d'Htirbour,  298;  Parry;  Dr.  Smith;  Brandegee;  Meehan;  Coulter.  Alpine. 

ARTEMISIA scopULORUM,Gr.,  Proc.  Acad.  Phil,  March,  1863,  p.  66.  Note. 
CiBSpitose;  rhi/omti  creeping;  stems  very  simple,  3/-8/  high ;  leaves  white- 
silky,  numerous,  pinnately  3-5  cleft,  segments  especially  of  the  radical 
ones  3-parted,  lobes  as  well  as  the  uppermost  leaves  linear,  narrow; 
heads  many  or  few,  simply  racemose-spicate,  short-pedicelled,  erect, 
2//-3// broad ;  involucre  hemispherical,  scales  oval,  villose  on  the  back, 
margin  broad,  scarious,  dark-brown;  wool  of  the  receptacle  copious,  as 
long  as  the  florets;  florets  18-30.  Alpine. — AVeston's  Pass  and  White 
House  Mountain,  Coulter.  Summit  of  Pike's  Peak,  Canby. 

Yar.  MONOCEPHALA,  Gr.  I  c.  Stem  2/-6/  high,  terminated  by  a  solitary, 
larger  head;  radical  and  lower  leaves  simply  3-parted  or  occasionally 
5-parted;  uppermost  ones  linear,  very  entire;  flowers  30  or  more,  tipped 
with  purplish. — Summit  of  Pike's  Peak,  Can-by. 

ARTEMISIA  PARRYI,  Gr.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  vol.  7,  p.  361.  Yery  smooth : 
stem  simple,  a  span  or  more  high,  from  a  perennial  root,  leafy;  leaves  2-3 
pinnately  parted;  pinnae  5-9,  crowded,  segments  linear,  acute,  3"-5" 
long;  panicle  racemose,  many-headed;  heads  nodding,  nearly  3"  in  diam- 
eter; scales  of  the  involucre  ovate,  very  obtuse,  with  scarious,  dark- 
browu  «uargiu.s;  marginal  flowers  pistillate,  few,  the  others  fertile; 
corollas  very  smooth. — Sangre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Parry,  1867. 

GNAPHALIUM  LUTEO-ALBUM,  L.,  var.  SPRENGELII,  D.  0.  Eaton,  in 
King's  Rep.,  v.  5,  p.  184.  (G-.  Sprengeln,  H.  &  A.}  Annual,  whitened 
with  loose  wool;  stem  6'-30'  high,  simple  below,  corymbose  with  long 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLOKA  OF  COLORADO.          PU 

branches  toward  the  summit  (some times  imbranched;)  leaves  slightly 
decurrent;  lower  ones  27-37  long,  linear-spatulate,  obtuse:  upper  ones 
linear-lanceolate,  acute;  heads  clustered;  mvolncral  scales  shining,  yel- 
lowish-white, scarious,  oblong-ovate,  rather  obtuse;  pistillate  florets  very 
numerous,  in  several  rows  outside  of  the  perfect  ones;  acheuia  one-half 
larger  and  smoother  than  in  the  European  plant. — Brandegee.  Xear 
Denver,  Dr.  Smith;  H.  B.  Smith.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Redjield. 

GNAPHALIUM  STRiCTim,  Gr.  P<ic.  R.  R.,  v.  4,  p.  110.  Annual,  white- 
woolly;  stern  simple,  or  branched  from  the  base,  strict,  37-97  high,  vir- 
gate ;  leaves  narrowly  linear,  elongated,  uniform  throughout,  I'-IJ7  long, 
rather  crowded  ;  heads  closely  glomerated  in  the  axils,  leafy -bra  cfed ;  in- 
volucre companulate,  outer  scales  lanceolate,  brownish,  inner  ones  linear, 
white  at  the  apex;  receptacle  broad  and  flat;  acheiiia  smooth. — Hall 
<t-  Harbour,  311.  Wet  places  in  the  mountains. 

GNAPHALIUM  DECUBBENS,  Ives.  "Subalpiue;  rw."—Hall  it*  Har- 
bour, 312.  Hoopes. 

AXTENNARIA  GABPATHICA,  11.  Bl\,  Var.  PULCHEBK  OIA,  Hook.     Whole 

plant  covered  with  a  soft  silvery  tomentum,  becoming  somewhat  glab- 
rate  with  age;  stems  simple,  leafy,  97-157  high,  sterile  ones  not  stolonif- 
erous;  radical  leaves  narrowly  oblanceolate,  3'-4'  long,  acute,  3-5 
nerved,  upper  leaves  gradually  smaller  ;  corymb  more  or  less  spreading : 
involucre  woolly  at  the  base,  scales  brownish,  tips  white,  not  crisped. 
— Canby.  South  Park,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Plains  of  the 
Platte  and  Long's  Peak,  Coulter. 

AXTENXABIA  ALPIXA,  Grertn.  Cifspitose,  producing  stoloniferous. 
flowerless  stems ;  flowering  stems  2'-87  high,  simple  ;  leaves  &'—&'  long, 
white-tomentose,  the  radical  ones  spatulate,  the  cauline  linear ;  heads  3- 
7,  nearly  sessile  in  capitate  clusters ;  involucre  somewhat  woolly  at  the 
base ;  scales  olivaceous  with  paler  and  erosely- denticulate,  narrowed  tips, 
rather  obtuse  in  the  sterile  heads,  but  acute  in  the  fertile ;  pappus  of 
the  sterile  flowers  strongly  clavate. — Hall  <(•  Harbour,  310  :  Parry.  Clear 
Creek,  Canon  and  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

ANTENXABIA  DIOICA,  Gaertn.  Sterile  stems  stoloniferous,  07-1°  high, 
leafy;  leaves  silvery-tomentose.  canescenton  the  lower  or  on  both  sides; 
the  radical  spatulate,  1-nerved  or  3-nerved  at  base,  the  cauline  lanceo- 
late or  linear,  appressed ;  heads  usually  many  in  the  capitate  or  open 
corymbs ;  scales  of  the  involucre  with  loose-denticulate,  mostly  obtuse 
tips,  white,  ochroleucous,  rose-color  or  purple;  achenia  perfectly  smooth. 
— Parry;  Canby;  B.  H.  Smith  ;  Porter;  Brandegee ;  Coulter.  Common  at 
middle  elevations. 

ARNICA  ANGUSTIFOLIA,  Yahl.  More  or  less  villous  ;  stems  47-!0  high, 
bearing  a  single  head;  leaves  lanceolate,  acute  or  obtuse,  entire  or 
sparingly  denticulate,  3-nerved;  the  radical  and  lowest  tapering  into 
winged  petioles,  cauline  1-3  pairs,  sessile;  involucre  villous-hirsute : 
achenia  hirsute.— Hall  it*  Harbour,  334;  Parry.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 
Long's  Peak,  Monument  Park,  Horse  Shoe  Mountain,  and  Sierra  Madre 
Range,  Coulter.  "A  variable  species,  from  the  low  and  middle  to  the 
alpine  region;  flowering  early  and  late/' 

Yar. EBADIATA,  Or.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  Marcli,  1S63,  p.  G8.  Heads  discoid  : 
leaves  broader;  scales  of  the  involucre  longer  and  narrower;  usually 
taller  and  larger  in  every  way,  often  2°  high;  ripe  achenia  in  our  speci- 
mens hirsute. — Hall  i(-  Harbour,  338.  Parry,  10.  Gothic  Mountain. 
Coulter. 

ARNICA  CHAMISSOXIS,  Less.    Hirsute-pubescent  or  somewhat  woolly: 


80  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

stems  simple  or  branched  above,  1°-1J°  high,  bearing  3  or  more  heads, 
leafy  to  the  summit;  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  acute  or  obtuse,  entire 
or  sparingly  denticulate,  3-5-nerved,  radical  and  lower  cauline  ones 
narrowed  into  short  petioles,  the  rest  (2-6  pairs)  sessile ;  rays  short; 
involucre  finely  villous-pubescent;  acheuia  minutely  hirsute. — Hall  cl- 
Harbour,  337.  South  Park. 

ARNICA  MOLLIS,  Hook.  Readily  distinguished  by  its  almost  plumose 
pappus.  "Alpine  and  sub-alpine." — Hall  &  Harbour,  335;  Dr.  Smith. 
Sierra  Madre  Range,  at  11,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

ARNICA  LATIFOLIA,  Bong.  Sparingly  hirsute-pubescent  or  nearly 
glabrous;  stems  1°  high,  from  a  slender,  creeping  caudex;  leaves  thin 
and  flaccid,  ovate  or  oblong-ovate,  acute,  unequally  and  often  very 
sharply  serrate,  veiny;  the  radical  ones  on  long,  slender  petioles,  cauliue 
in  about  3  pairs,  closely  sessile  by  a  cordate  base  or  the  lowermost  some- 
what petioled;  heads  solitary  or  1-2  additional  from  the  uppermost 
axils,  rather  small;  involucre  obconic;  scales  lanceolate;  acuminate; 
somewhat  hairy  towards  the  base;  ligules  narrow;  achenia  nearly 
smooth. — Parry,  408.  White  House  Mountain,  at  12,000  feet  altitude, 
Coulter. 

ARNICA  CORDIFOLIA,  Hook.  Woolly-pubescent,  becoming  glabrate 
with  age;  caudex  slender,  creeping;  stems  6'-14'  high;  leaves  thinnish, 
radical  and  lower  ones  cordate,  roundish,  obtuse  or  acute,  on  long  slen- 
der petioles,  denticulate  or  sharply  toothed,  the  cauline  1-3  pairs,  on 
shorter  petioles,  less  deeply  cordate  and  more  acute,  the  highest  pair 
sessile;  heads  rather  large,  1-3,  on  long  peduncles;  involucres  villous- 
pubescent;  scales  lanceolate,  often  somewhat  abruptly  acuminate; 
acheuia  hirsute. — Hall  &  Harbour,  336.  Common;  alpine  andMib-alpine; 
very  variable  in  size.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith.  South  Park,  Canby. 
Meehan.  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Mount  Lincoln,  at  13,000  feet  altitude, 
Twin  Lakes  and  Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 

SENECIO  LTJGKENS,  Richards.  Perennial,  white-tomentose,deciduously 
lanate  or  nearly  smooth;  stem  G'-2°  high,  often  several  from  one  root; 
leaves  glandular- toothed  or  denticulate,  sometimes  entire,  obscurely 
veined,  2/-8/  long,  6/7-2'  wide,  the  radical  obovate  or  oblong-spatulate 
obtuse,  narrowed  into  a  petiole,  cauline  sessile  and  partly  clasping,  lan- 
ceolate; corymb  open  or  dense;  heads  variable  in  size,  usually  rather 
large;  involucres  with  a  few  bractlets  at  the  base;  scales  linear-lanceo- 
late, acute,  with  blackish-purple  tips;  rays  from  10-12,  oblong  linear; 
twice  as  long  as  the  involucre;  acheuia  glabrous. 

Var.  HOOKERI,  Eaton.  King's  Rep.,  vol.  5,  p.  188.  (8.  lugens.  Hook. 
Fl.  Bor.  Am.  1,  332,  t.  114.)  Deciduously  tomentose  or  smooth;  stem 
simple;  leaves  entire  or  glandular-toothed;  radical  ones  oblong  spatu- 
late,  cauliue  lanceolate,  acute,  clasping;  corymb  dense;  scales  of  the 
involucre  conspicuously  sphacelate. — Dr.  Smith.  Canon  City,  Brantlegec; 
Meehan.  Sierra  Madre  Range,  at  11,500  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

Yar.  PARRYI,  Eaton.  I.e.  Slightly  webhy  at  first,  becoming  glabrate; 
leaves  mostly  not  toothed,  rather  broad ;  involucral  scales  scarcely  or 
not  at  all  blackened  at  the  tips. — Long's  Peak  and  Head  of  Boulder 
Canon,  Coulter. 

Var.  EXALTATUS,  Eaton,  1.  c.,  (S.  exaltatm,  Nutt.)  Stem  and  corymb 
densely  webby-tomentose,  stout,  li°-2°  high  ;  leaves  nearly  entire  or 
finely  glandular-denticulate,  ample ;  lower  ones  sometimes  9'  long 
and  2'  broad;  heads  small,  in  a  dense  compound,  somewhat  umbel-like 
corymb  ;  scales  of  the  involucre  Avith  a  dark  midvein  and  the  tips  some- 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.          81 

what  blackened. — Hall  &  Harbour,  325.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith. 
Sangre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegee.  Meehan.  Clear  Creek  Canon  and 
Mount  Lincoln,  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

SENECIO  TRIAN&ULARIS,  Hook.  Glabrous  throughout ;  stems  2°-4° 
high,  simple,  striate,  leafy,  3-4  from  one  root;  leaves  3'-5'  long,  !J'-3' 
wide,  deltoid-ovate  or  triangular-lanceolate,  sharply  and  unequally  re- 
pand-dentate  or  cut-toothed,  acute,  truncate  or  subcordate  at  the  base  or 
abruptly  narrowed  into  a  winged  petiole ;  heads  rather  large,  6"  long, 
few  in  a  loose  or  sometimes  fastigiate  corymb ;  involucre  subcyliudraceous, 
with  a  few  subulate  bractlets  at  base ;  scales  about  15,  lanceolate,  with 
sphacelate  tips;  rays  6-9,  less  than  twice  as  long  as  the  involucre; 
acheuia  striate,  glabrous.— ITaM  &  Harbour,  323.  Twin  Lakes  and 
Mount  Lincoln,  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

StfNECio  ANDINUS,  Nutt.  Glabrous ;  stems  many  from  one  root, 
20.40  high,  simple,  striate,  very  leafy;  leaves  3/-5/  long,  3"-10"  wide, 
linear-lanceolate,  acute  at  both  ends,  sharply  serrulate  with  incurved 
teeth,  upper  ones  sessile,  lower  ones  short-petioled ;  heads  4"  long, 
numerous,  in  panicled  corymbs  ;  involucres  calyculate  with  small  subu- 
late bracts;  rays  5-8;  disk-flowers  12-20;  achenia  glabrous. — Hall  & 
Harbour,  324.  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

SENECIO  INTEGERRIMUS,  BTutt.  Glabrous  throughout ;  stem  simple, 
striate,  12/-18/  high;  leaves  entire;  radical  ones  3'-5'  long  and  V-% 
wide,  rather  obtuse,  tapering  into  a  petiole,  somewhat  fleshy,  upper 
small,  lanceolate,  acute,  partly  clasping;  corymb  simple  or  nearly  so; 
heads  rather  large,  8-20;  involucre  hemispherical,  bracteolate,  scales 
15-20,  narrowly  linear,  acute,  rays  about  8,  small;  disk  flowers  40-50; 
achenia  striate,  nearly  glabrous. — Hall  &  Harbour,  318.  "A  low  form; 
alpine." 

SENECIO  AUREUS,  L.  An  extremely  variable  species,  very  abundant 
among  the  mountains,  of  which  the  following  are  the  most  marked  varie- 
ties : 

Var.  ALPINUS.  Gr.,  Sill.  Jour.  (JV.  S.)  v.  33,  p.  11.  Stem  scapiform, 
bearing  1-2  heads,  3'  high,  bracteate ;  radical  leaves  coriaceous,  rounded 
or  obovate-oblong,  almost  veinless,  very  entire  or  somewhat  3-toothed 
at  the  apex.— Hall  &  Harbour,  229.  White  House  Mountain,  at  13,000 
feet  altitude,  Coulter.  The  specimens  of  the  last  collection  have  the 
leaves  more  denticulate;  heads  sometimes  3. 

Var.  WERNERI  JEFOLIUS,  Gr.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  March,  1863,  p.  68.  Note. 
Csespitose,  at  first  arachnoid- woolly;  radical  leaves  numerous,  spatulate, 
oblaiiceolate  or  spatulate-liuear,  attenuate  at  the  base,  erect,  coriaceous, 
rigid,  veinless,  very  entire,  margins  frequently  revolute,  becoming  gla- 
brate,  with  the  petiole  2/-4/  long,  2//-3//  broad ;  scapes  leafless,  3'-5'  high, 
bracts  few,  subulate-setaceous,  wrapped  in  wool ;  corymb  3-8  headed. 
— Hall  &  Harbour.  Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 

Var.  OBOVATUS,  T.  &  G.  Radical  leaves  roundish-obovate  or  broad- 
ly spatulate,  toothed  or  serrated. — White  House  Mountain,  at  11,500  feet 
altitude,  Coulter. 

Var.  BOREALIS,  T.  &  G.  Smooth ;  radical  leaves  thickish,  obovate  or 
spatulate,  entire  or  crenulate-toothed  at  the  apex  only. — Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 333  ;  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith.  Clear  Creek  Canon  and  Twin  Lakes, 
Coulter. 

Var.  BALSAMIT^E,  T.  &  G.  More  or  less  woolly,  becoming  glabrous ; 
radical  leaves  oval  and  oblong,  spatulate  and  lanceolate,  crenate,  sharp- 
ly crenate-toothedor  lyrately-incised;  achenia  glabrous  or  strigose  on  the 
6F  c 


82  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO 

angles. — Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith.  Twin  Lakes,  Bear  Creek,  Long's  Peak, 
and  Ute  Pass,  Coulter.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

Var.  CROCEUS,  Gr.  Proc.  Acad.  Phil.,  March,  1863,  p.  68.  Smooth ;  rad- 
ical leaves  roundish-oval,  more  or  less  crenately-toothed  or  incised  \ 
corymb  rather  compact;  rays  saffron-yellow. — Hall  &  Harbour,  332. 
South  Park,  Porter.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Twin  Lakes, 
Mount  Lincoln,  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  and  White  House  Mountain,  at 
13,000  feet,  Coulter. 

SENECIO  LONGILOBUS,  Benth.  Glabrous ;  stems  2°-2J°  high,  usually 
much  branched;  branches  erect;  leaves  linear,  somewhat  tapering  to 
the  base,2'-4/  in  length,  l"-2"  wide,  entire  or  pinnately  3-9  parted,  divis- 
ions linear,  divaricate;  heads  corymbose,  calyculate,  with  a  few  small 
scales,  5"  long;  scales  of  the  involucre  glabrous,  linear-lanceolate,  with 
scarious  margins,  finely  striate;  pappus  bright  white;  achenia  strigose- 
cauesceut.  Branches  of  the  panicle  often  flexuose. — Canby ;  B.  H. 
Smith;  Hall  &  Harbour,  328.  Plains  around  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Along 
the  Platte,  Coulter. 

SENECIO  FILIFOLIUS,  Nutt.,  var.  JAMESII,  T.  &  G.  Suffruticose, 
much  branched,  densely  tomentose-canescent;  branches  very  leafy  to  the 
summit;  leaves  narrowly  linear,  3'  long,  entire  or  pinnately-parted,  divis- 
ions 3-9,  margins  revolute;  heads  in  a  terminal  corymb,  rather  large; 
involucre  somewhat  calyculate;  rays  7-8,  linear,  rather  long;  acheuia 
caneseently-strigose. — Gafion  Gity,  Brandegee. 

SENECIO  CERNUUS, Gr.  Silt.  Jour.,  (N.  S.,)  v.  33,  p.  10.  Glabrous;  stem 
slender,  1£°  high,  paniculate  at  the  summit;  leaves  lanceolate  or  linear- 
lanceolate,  tapering  at  the  base  into  a  long  petiole,  subciliate  on  the 
margins,  sparingly  toothed  or  nearly  entire,  lower  leaves,  including  the 
petiole,  4'-7/,long,  V  broad;  heads  numerous,  small,  scarce  6"  long,  nod- 
ding, discoid;  pedicels  1-2  bracteolate;  involucre  with  a  few  minute 
bracteoles  at  base ;  achenia  very  glabrous. — Hall  &  Harbour,  320 ;  Parry, 
52;  Dr.  Smith.  Ute  Pass,  Porter.  Twin  Lakes,  Porter. 

SENECIO  CANUS,  Hook.  Whitish-tomentose  throughout ;  stems  tufted, 
2/-12/  high;  radical  leaves  oblong-spatulate,  entire,  cauline  sessile,  lan- 
ceolate, partly  clasping,  sinuate-piimatifid  or  somewhat  toothed  towards 
the  base;  heads  few,  in  a  simple  corymb;  involucre  nearly  ecalyculate; 
rays  8-12,  short;  achenia  glabrous. — Hall  &  Harbour, 330.  a  Alpine  and 
sub-alpine,"  Parry,  20. 

SENECIO  EREMOPHILUS,  Richards.  Perennial,  glabrous ;  stem  stri- 
ate, often  purplish,  l°-4°  high,  corymbosely  branched  toward  the  sum- 
mit, leafy;  leaves  short-petioled,  2'-3'  long,  6//-12//  wide,  lower  some- 
times larger,  deeply  incised,  with  unequal,  ovate-lanceolate,  toothed  seg- 
ments, sometimes  deeply  parted,  with  linear  segments  which  are  sharply 
toothed;  heads  many,  in  compound  corymbs ;  involucre  cylindrical-bell- 
*bjined ;  calyculate  bractlets  few ;  scales  often  blackish -tipped  and 
sphacelate ;  rays  7-9,  rather  long ;  achenia  striate,  glabrous. — Hall  & 
Harbour,  327.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Ute  Pass,  Porter.  Canon  Gity, 
Brandegee.  Near  Mount  Lincoln,  Coulter. 

SENECIO  FREMONTII,  T.  &  G.  Perennial,  glabrous;  stems  1-several, 
3'-15'  high,  leafy  to  the  top,  often  decumbent;  leaves  sessile,  oblong 
or  obovate-spatulate,  somewhat  fleshy,  laciniate-dentate  or  obscurely 
toothed,  upper  ones  l'-2'long,  lower  ones  gradually  smaller ;  heads  soli- 
tary or  few,  on  very  short,  erect  peduncles ;  involucre  bell-shaped,  4"-6" 
long,  sparingly  bracteolate ;  rays  10-16,  yellow ;  achenia  glabrous.  "Al- 
pine."-—Hall  &  Harbour,  322.  Dr  Smith.  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  83 

SENECIO  BIGELOVII,  Gr.  in  Bot.  Whippl.  Exped.,  Pacif.  R.  R.  Surv.,  4, 
p.  111.  Glabrous;  stem  simple,  stout,  erect,  18'-2°,  from  a  perennial 
root,  racemose  at  the  summit,  bearing  3-15  heads ;  leaves  ovate-lan- 
ceolate, acuminate,  sharply  callous-dentate,  contracted  into  a  large  mar- 
gined petiole;  uppermost  lanceolate,  narrowed  at  the  base,  partly  clasp- 
ing ;  heads  large,  nodding,  homogamous ;  involucre  broadly  cainpanu- 
late,  with  a  few  short  setaceous  bracteoles  at  base;  scales  10-12,  acute, 
equal,  outer  ones  lanceolate,  inner  ones  broader,  scarious-margined  j 
rays  none  ;  achenia  very  glabrous. 

Yar.  HALLII,  Gr.  Proc.  AcacL  Phil.,  March,  1863,  p.  67.  Note.  Leaves 
almost  all  lanceolate,  more  or  less  woolly  pubescent,  hairs  articulated  j 
cauline  leaves  all  sessile  or  the  lowest  contracted  into  a  winged  petiole. 
— Hall '  (£  Harbour ,321.  Canby.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Mount  El bert 
and  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

SENECIO  AMPLECTENS,  Gr.  /.  c.  Slightly  woolly,  becoming  glabrate; 
stem  G'-lo'  high  from  a  perennial  root,  naked  at  the  apex,  bearing  1-3 
heads ;  leaves  membranaceous,  oblong  or  lingulate,  either  repand  or 
very  sharply-toothed  or  even  sub-laciniate,  lowest  narrowed  at  the  base 
or  attenuated  into  a  winged  petiole,  upper  sessile,  half-clasping  by  a 
broad  base ;  heads  upon  long,  slender  peduncles,  nodding ;  involucre 
loosely  ealyculate;  rays  linear,  elongated,  l'-2'  long,  golden -y ello w ; 
achenia  very  smooth. — Hall  &  Harbour,  317.  Canby.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr. 
Smith  ;  Meehan.  White  House  Mountain,  at  13,000  feet  altitude,  La 
Plata  Mountain,  at  12,000  feet,  and  Horse  Shoe  Mountain,  at  11,000  feet, 
Coulter. 

Tar.  TARAXACOIDES,  Gr.  I.  c.  Truly  alpine;  2/-5/  high,  bearing  a  single 
head ;  head  smaller,  less  nodding ;  rays  less  than  V  long ;  leaves  all 
attenuated  at  base,  more  or  less  laciniate. — Summit  of  Pike's  Peak, 
Canby.  Sange  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegee. 

SENECIO*  SOLDANELL  A,  Gr.  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  March,  1863,  p.  67.  Note. 
Subcaulescent,  ±'-5'  high;  very  smooth,  sub-glaucous;  stems  bearing  a 
single  head,  rarely  more;  root  fasciculate- fibrous ;  leaves  thick,  purple- 
tinged  beneath,  radical  and  lowest  orbiculate,  occasionally  somewhat 
renitbrm,  contracted  at  the  3-nerved  base  into  a  long  or  very  long  flat 
petiole,  often  somewhat  denticulate,  l'-2'  in  diameter,  upper  ones  1-3, 
smaller,  oblong  or  spatulate,  on  short  dilated  petioles;  heads  large,  some- 
what nodding,  8//-12//  broad  and  about  as  long;  scales  of  the  involucre 
lanceolate,  with  scarious  margins,  16-20,  with  7-9  of  the  outer  ones  nar- 
rower, and  without  margins,  looser  and  either  a  little  or  one-half  shorter; 
rays  oblong,  16-18,  yellow,  about  4"  long,  scarely  surpassing  the  disk ; 
achenia  very  glabrous. — Hall  &  Harbour,  319.  "High  alpine,  among 
rocks."  Sangre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegee.  Mount  La  Plata,  at  14,000  feet 
altitude,  and  White  House  Mountain,  at  13,000  feet,  Coulter. 

SENECIO  RENIFOLIUS,  Porter,  (n.  sp.)  Very  smooth ;  stems,  as  well  as 
the  petioles  and  under  surfaces  of  the  leaves,  bright  purple,  numerous, 
ascending  from  a  long,  slender,  creeping  purple  root-stock,  l£'-2'  high; 
leaves  clustered  at  the  base,  all  reniform,  crenate,  or  crenate-lobed,  4"- 
6"  long,  on  flattened  petioles  of  the  same  length,  dark  green  above ;  up- 
per leaves  1-2,  spatulate,  crenate,  sessile  ;  peduncle  somewhat  elongated, 
bearing  a  single  erect  head,  about  4//-6//  long,  4//-5//  broad ;  scales  of 
the  involucre  rather  shorter  than  the  disk,  nearly  equal,  4"  long,  lance- 
olate and  linear- lanceolate,  purple,  inner  ones  with  slightly  scarious 
margins;  calyculate  scales  few,  minute,  subulate;  rays  oblong,  about 
4"  in  length;  bright  yellow;  achenia  glabrous.  High  alpine. — White 
House  Mountain,  at  13,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 


84  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

TETRAD YMiA1  CANESCENS,  DC.,  var.  INERMIS,  Gr.  (T.  inermis,  Kutt.) 
Shrubby,  much  branched,  l°-2°  high,  silvery-canescent,  unarmed; 
leaves  thiekish,  short,  6"-9"  long,  l"-2"  wide,  densely  tomentpse,  acute 
but  scarcely  mucronate;  axillary  fascicles  of  smaller  leaves  none;  heads 
corymbose-clustered;  in volucral  scales 2//-4//  long,  four,  oblong,  obtuse, 
carinate;  florets 4;  achenia  sparingly  villous  with  short,  soft  hairs,  soon 
becoming  nearly  smooth. — North  Park,  Hayden.  Upper  Arkansas,  Por- 
ter. Arkansas  River,  Coulter. 

TETRADYMIA  GLABRATA,  T.  &  G.  Pacif.  R.  R.  Rep.,  2,  p.  122,  t.  5. 
Shrubby,  divaricately  branched,  unarmed;  young  branchlets  and  foliage 
loosely  clothed  with  white  floccose  wool  which  is  soon  deciduous;  leaves 
subulate  or  acerose,  rather  fleshy,  primary  ones  erect,  not  spinesceut, 
3"-o"  long,  £"  wide,  linear-subulate,  mucronate,  producing  the  next  year 
from  their  axils  shorter,  obtuse,  ericoid  leaves ;  heads  corymbose ; 
scales  of  the  involucre  4,  white-pubescent  or  glabrate,  about  4"  long; 
florets  4;  achenia  villous,  the  hairs  much  shorter  than  the  pappus. 
—Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

CIRSIUM  UNDULATUM,  Spreng. — Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.    Along  the 
Platte,  and  also  a  form  with  yellowish  flowers,  Coulter. 
.    CIRSIUM     VIRGINIANUM,   MX.  —  Wet  Mountain  Valley,   Brandegee. 
Along  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

CIRSIUM  FOLIOSUM,  DC.,  (C.  edule,  Nutt.)  Stem  erect,  stout,  striate, 
somewhat  woolly,  branched  toward  the  top ;  leaves  loosely  webby  on 
both  surfaces,  elongated,  G'-ll'  long,  not  over  1'  wide,  irregularly  sinu- 
ate-toothed, teeth  triangular,  and  the  veins  ending  in  strong  stramineous 
spines ;  heads  large,  glomerate  in  the  axils  of  the  uppermost  leaves,  or 
peduncled ;  involucral  scales  linear-lanceolate,  appressed,  spine-tipped, 
arachnoid-tomentose. — Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Hall  cJ&  Harbour,  330 
and  341.  Weston's  Pass  and  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

CIRSIUM  DRUMMONDII,  T.  &  G.  Stemless  or  with  simple  stems,  l°-2° 
high,  sparsely  hairy  ;  leaves  green  and  smooth  above,  paler  and  slightly 
webby  beneath,  radical  ones  oblanceolate  or  spatulate,  primary  ones 
entire,  with  ciliate-spinulose  margins,  later  ones  and  the  stem-leaves 
pinnately  toothed  or  incised,  often  doubly  so,  and  spiny  with  weak 
slender  prickles;  heads  1-4,  sessile  or  short- stalked,  surrounded  either 
by  the  radical  leaves  or  by  a  circle  of  leaves  at  the  top  of  the  stem : 
involucres  glabrous,  or  with  the  scales  softly  ciliate  on  the  margins ; 
-scales  triangular-lanceolate,  appressed,  tipped  with  weak  prickles ; 
flowers  red  or  purplish.  - 

(a.)  Caulescent  form.  Hall  &  Harbour,  343.  (b.)  Acaulescent  form. 
Hall  &  Harbour,  339.  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

CIRSIUM  ERIOCEPHALUM,  Gr.  Proc.  Acad.  Phil.,  March,  1863,  p.  69. 
Stein  l°-2°  high,  simple,  leafy,  deciduously  arachnoid-tomeiitose  ;  leaves 
nearly  smooth  above,  paler  and  webby  beneath,  far  decurrent,  linear  or 
dblong-linear,  pinnatitid,  with  very  numerous,  crowded,  short,  very  spiny 
lobes;  heads  several,  sessile,  in  a  dense  terminal  cluster,  iuvolucrate 
with  very  spiny  foliaceous  bracts  which  pass  gradually  into  spinulose- 
ciliate,  spine-tipped  involucral  scales,  which  are  clothed  with  a  finely 

1  TETRAD  YMIA,  DC.  Heads  4-nowered,  (in  one  species  5-9-flowered;)  the  flowers  all 
tubular,  perfect  and  fertile ;  the  corollas  funnel-form  with  a  long  slender  tube,  deeply 
5-lobed,  the  linear  lobes  slightly  recurved.  Involucre  of  4  (rarely  5-6)  sub-equal  con- 
cave-cariuate,  rigid,  oblong,  scales.  Receptacle  very  small,  naked.  Anthers  linear, 
exserted.  Branches  of  the  style  linear,  with  very  short,  ovate,  obtuse,  pubescent  append- 
ages. Achenia  oblong-linear,  villous  or  glabrate.  Pappus  copious,  of  very  fine,  un- 
equal, capillary,  denticulate  filaments  as  long  as  the  tube  of  the  corolla. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  85 

tomentose  wool,  inner  scales  entire,  spine-tipped  ;  flowers  yellow. — Hall 
c(-  Harbour i  341.  Sangre  de  Christo  Pass,  Brandegee.  White  House 
Mountain  and  Mount  La  Plata,  at  13,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

CIRSIUM  OCHROCENTRUM,  Gr.  PL  FendL,  p.  110.  Stem  very  leafy, 
erect,  2°-3°  high,  webby-tomentose ;  leaves  piunatifid,  sessile;  upper- 
most decurrent,  becoming  glabrate  ;  cauliiie  leaves  4'-6'  long,  very 
spiny ;  opines  6"  in  length,  yellow ;  heads  subsolitary,  sessile  on  the 
ends  of  the  branches,  rather  small,  V  or  less  in  diameter ;  scales  of  the 
globose  iuvolucre  glabrous,  abruptly  ending  in  stout  yellow  spines  6"  in 
length. — Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

STEPHAN03IERIA1  MINOR,  Nutt.  /^Including  S.  runcinata,  Nutt.)  Pe- 
rennial, glabrous;  stems  single,  much  branched,  l°-2°  high,  lower  leaves 
2/-3/  long,  runcinately  toothed,  upper  ones  reduced  to  subulate  entire,  2-4 
toothed  bracts  ;  heads  5-7  flowered,  solitary  on  the  ends  of  the  branch- 
lets:  proper  involucral  scales  5-7, 4//-5//  long;  achenia 5-ribbed,  smooth \ 
pappus  of  15  distinct  setae,  plumose  nearly  or  quite  to  the  base. — Hall  & 
Harbour,  346.  Plains  near  Denver,  B.  H.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs. 
Porter. 

CYNTHIA  VIRGINICA,  Don. — Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee  :  Red- 
field. 

TROXIMON  CUSPIDATUM,  Pursh. — Plains  around  Denver  and  Saint 
Vrain  River,  Coulter. 

HIERACIUM  FENDLERI,  Schultz.  (Crepis  ambigua,  Gr.  PL  FendL,  p. 
114.)  Stem  scape-form  and  simple  from  a  perennial  root,  or  with  1  or  2 
elongated  branches  from  the  base  or  near  it,  each  bearing  5-8  heads ; 
leaves  obovate-oblong,  very  entire,  beset  with  scattered,  spreading, 
hispid  bristles,  otherwise  very  smooth,  2/-3/  long,  sessile,  the  radical 
with  a  tapering  base,  somewhat  purplish  underneath ;  heads  9"  long,  on 
rather  long  peduncles;  florets  about  30;  involucre  cylindrical,  hairy, 
scales  linear,  exterior  ones  twice  shorter,  appressed ;  ligules  very  short, 
a  little  longer  than  the  pappus,  usually  a  little  shorter  than  the  styles; 
achenia  fusiform,  narrowed  upwards,  but  not  truly  rostrate,  4"  in  length, 
many-ribbed,  very  smooth,  as  long  as  the  copious,  dull- white  pappus. — 
Mace's  Hole,  Fremont  Countv,  Brandegee.  Parry.  Wet  Mountain  Val- 
ley, Redfield. 

HIERACIUM  ALBIFLORUM,  Hook.  Stems  simple,  l°-3°  high,  rather 
slender,  smooth  above,  hispid  near  the  base,  like  the  petioles  and  mid- 
ribs, with  rather  long  deflexed  hairs  ;  leaves  mostly  radical  or  low  on  the 
stem;  oblong-lanceolate,  acute,  entire  or  denticulate ;  heads  rather  small, 
on  nearly  smooth,  bracteolate  pedicels,  in  a  compound,  at  length  very 
open  corymb;  involucre  nearly  ecalyculate,  the  blackish  scales  sparsely 
hairy;  flowers  white;  about  20;  achenia  very  slightly  narro  wed  toward 
the  summit. — Hall  &  Harbour,  350,  " subalpine,  west  of  the  range; 
rare."  Mountain  of  the  Holy  Cross,  Coulter. 

HIERACIUM  TRISTE,  Willd.  Stem  slender,  simple,  6/-12/  high,  smooth 
below,  hispid  with  blackish  hairs  above;  leaves  chiefly  radical,  hirsutu- 
lous  or  smooth,  entire  or  remotely  denticulate,  mucronate,  tapering  into 
slender  petioles ;  involucres  hispid  with  blackish  hairs ;  flowers  20-30 :. 

J  STKPHANOMERIA,  Xutt.  (Including  Heiniptilium,  Gray.)  Heads  3-12  flowered  j 
the  flowers  all  lignlate.  Involucre  cylindrical,  calyciilate';  bracelets  few,  very  .small; 
proper  scales  3-7,  suheqtial,  but  in  two  species  more  numerous,  unequal  andimbricated.. 
Receptacle  naked,  slightly  honey-combed,  Achenia  oblong-linear  or  clfrvate-oblong, 
with  5  prominent  angles  or  ribs',  the  intercostal  spaces  either  plain  or  tubereulate,, 
rugose,  or  occupied  by  additional  less  elevated  ridges.  Pappus  simple. .of.  5-25  plumose  \ 
filiform  seta?  or  bristles,  slightly  dilated  at  the  base. 


86  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

achenia  oblong,  not   narrowed  at  the  summit. — Hall  &  Harbour,  349. 
Sierra  Madre  Range  and  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

NABALTJS  RACEMOSUS,  Hook. — Hall  &  Harbour,  351.  "  South  Park ; 
rare."  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

LYGODESMIA  JUNCEA,  Don. — Hall  &  Harbour,  345.  Plains  near  Den- 
ver, Dr.  fimith.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee; 
RedMd.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

Var.  ROSTRATA,  Gr.  En.  Hall  &  Harbour,  p.  69.  Note.  Achenia 
attenuate-rostrate  at  the  apex,  6"  long;  heads  often  8-9  flowered; 
leaves  very  narrowly  linear,  elongated,  3'-4'.  Near  Greeley,  Greene. 

PYRRHOPAPPUS  GRANDIFLORUS,  Nutt.  Scape  simple,  naked,  much 
longer  than  the  deeply  pinnatifid  and  ciliate  radical  leaves,  bearing  a 
single  head,  1°  high,  with  a  small  bract  in  the  middle;  involucre 
slightly  canescent;  ligules  golden-yellow;  pappus  fulvous,  with  avillous 
ring  at  base;  aehenia  produced  into  a  long,  slightly  scabrous  beak. 
— Plains  of  Eastern  Colorado,  Dr.  Bell. 

CREPis1  RUNCINATA,  T.  &  G.  Perennial,  slightly  hirsute,  becoming 
smoother;  radical  leaves  obovate  or  oblong-lanceolate,  runcinate-lobed 
or  only  slightly  toothed,  tapering  to  the  base,  2'-7'  long ;  scape  l°-2° 
high,  branching,  bearing  a  few  linear,  bract-like  leaves ;  branches  and 
involucres  more  or  less  hirsute  with  blackish,  often  glandular,  hairs ; 
involucres  many-flowered,  calyculate ;  scales  linear-lanceolate,  with 
scarious  margins;  achenia  striate,  slightly  tapering  upwards. — Hall  d' 
Harbour,  348.  South  Park,  Porter.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 
Bear  Creek  and  Sierra  Madre  Eange,  Coulter. 

CREPIS  OCCIDENT ALIS,  T.  &  G.  Perennial,  canescent,  with  a  close 
furfuraceous  pubescence ;  stern  6/-18/  high,  branching,  leafy ;  radical 
leaves,  with  the  petiole,  6'-9'  long,  lanceolate,  tapering  both  ways, 
acuminate,  more  or  less  deeply  runcinate-piimatifld,  with  acute,  often 
toothed  lobes;  cauline  leaves  similar,  but  smaller  and  sessile ;  heads 
eoryinbed,  11-35  flowered;  involucres  calyculate,  with  a  few  loose 
bractlets,  the  proper  scales  8-10,  6"-S"  long ;  mature  achenia  rather 
stout,  3"  long,  tapering  to  the  apex,  evidently  10-striate. — Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 353. 

Var.  GRACILIS,  Eaton.  (C.  acuminata,  var.  gracilis,  Torr.  Ms.)  Stem 
evry  slender,  bearing  3-6  narrow,  9-14  flowered  heads;  leaves  narrowly 
linear,  long-acuminate,  with  a  few  very  narrow,  almost  filiform,  elongated 
teeth  near  the  middle.— Middle  Park,  Parry,  1864. 

CREPIS  NANA,  Bichards.  Perennial,  nearly  acaulescent;  scapes  nu- 
merous from  the  summit  of  the  somewhat  fusiform  caudex,  bearing  1 
or  more,  about  14-flowered  heads,  scarcely  equalling  the  elliptical,  or 
roundish,  entire,  or  siuuate-lyrate,  long  petioled  leaves;  petioles  pur- 
plish; rays  yellow;  involucre  few-flowered,  cylindrical,  exterior  calycu- 
late scales  short  and  appressed ;  receptacle  naked ;  achenia  slender, 
5-30  striate,  narrowed  at  the  apex,  scarcely  rostrate. — Mount  Lincoln, 
at  12,500  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

1  CREPIS,  L.  Heads  several-m  any-flowered;  the  flowers  all  ligulate.  Involucre 
usually  calyculate  with  a  few  small  bracteoles,  the  proper  scales  nearly  equal,  in  a 
single  series.  Receptacle  naked  or  slightly  hairy.  Achenia  terete  or  somewhat  com- 
pressed, 8-30  striate,  usually  narrower  above  or  even  tapering  into  a  short  beak,  the 
apex  expanded  into  a  minute  disk.  Pappus  pure  white,  copious,  of  denticulate  or 
scabrous  delicate  capillary  bristles,  or  sometimes  of  more  rigid  bristles  slightly  dilated 
toward  the  base. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  87 

MACRORRHYNCHUS1  GLAUCUS,  EatoD.  (Troximon  glaucum,  Nutt.) 
King's  Hep.,  vol.  5,  p.  204.  Perennial,  smooth  and  somewhat  glaucous; 
leaves  linear-lanceolate  or  lanceolate,  3'-6'  long,  about  6"  broad,  entire 
or  slightly  runcinately-  toothed;  scape  6'-9'  high;  involucral  scales  un- 
equal, the  outer  ones  shorter  and  broadly  ovate-lanceolate,  slightly 
pubescent,  inner  ones  lanceolate,  7"-9"  long;  achenia  10-ribbed,  con- 
tracted toward  the  summit,  but  scarcely  beaked;  pappus  rather  coarse, 
longer  than  the  achenium.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  354  in  part.  Wet  Mountain 
Yi\i\ey,-  Brandegee.  Common  on  the  plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter.  Gray's 
Peak,  Dr.  Smith. 

Var.  DASYCEPHALUS,  T.  &  G.  "  Involucre  woolly,  at  least  when  young, 
exterior  scales  spreading;  leaves  and  scape  often  somewhat  pubescent; 
receptacle  sometimes  but  not  always  furnished  with  a  few  linear,  acu- 
niinate,  chaffy  scales  intermixed  among  the  flowers."  —  Hall  <£*  Harbour, 
356.  Along  the  Platte  and  in  the  Sierra  Madre  Kauge,  Coulter. 

MACRORRHYNCHUS  TROXIMOIDES,  T,  &  G.  Perennial,  smooth  and 
somewhat  glaucous;  leaves  oblanceolate,  or  linear-lanceolate,  4/-10/  long, 
3"-9"  wide,  acuminate  or  obtuse  and  slightly  apiculate,  entire  or  lacini- 
ately  pinnatitid;  scapes  4/-2°  high;  involucre  Q"-W  long;  scales  nearly 
equal,  lanceolate  from  a  broad  base;  acheiiia  10-ribbed,  at  length  produced 
into  a  slender  beak  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  achenium  proper  and  with 
it  slightly  or  considerably  longer  than  the  pappus.  —  Hall  &  Harbour, 
355.  u  Very  variable  at  all  heights,  even  alpine;  flowers  in  July  and  Au- 
gust.7' Near  Denver,  B.  H.  Smith.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 
Plains  of  the  Platte,  Twin  Lakes  and  White  House  Mountain  at  12,000 
feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

TARAXACUM  PALUSTRE,  DC.  Sparingly  toinentose,  at  length  very 
smooth  ;  leaves  lanceolate  or  oblong-spatulate,  entire,  sinuate,  or  strongly 
runeinate,  usually  shorter  than  the  scape,  4/-8/  long,  5"-2'  broad,  obtuse 
or  acutish;  inner  scales  of  the  involucre,  more  or  less  corniculate, 
lanceolate,  outer  scales  ovate,  appressed,  much  shorter;  achenia  inuricate 
and  spiuulose  towards  the  apex,  when  mature  scarce  half  the  length  of 
the  beak.  Scapes  4/-12/  high.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  357.  Wet  Mountain 
Valley  and  Sangre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegee.  Clear  Creek  Canon; 
Mount  Lincoln,  at  14,000  feet  altitude,  and  White  House  Mountain,  at 
13,000  feet,  Coulter. 

MULGEDIUM  PULCHELLUM,  ^utt.  —  Hall  &Harbour,  344.  Bear  Denver, 
Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 


LOBELIA  SYPHILITICA,  L.  —  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.   Near 
Denver,  Dr.  Smith  ;  Greene. 
LOBELIA  CARDINALIS,  L.  —  Pueblo,  Greene,  1873. 

CAIWPANULACEJE. 

CAMPANULA  ROTUNDIFOLIA,  L.  Hall  &  Harbour,  358.  Xear  Denver, 
Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Xorth  Park,  Hay  den. 
Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

LM  ACRORRHYXCHUS,  Lessing.  Heads  many-flowered,  the  flowers  all  ligulate  ;  involucre 
campanulate;  the  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate  scales  imbricated  in  2-3  series,  the 
inner  ones  scarious-niargined,  the  onter  ones  sometimes  shorter,  often  foliaceoiis.  Recep- 
tacle naked,  or  very  rarely  with  a  few  chaffy  scales  among  the  flowers.  Achenia  gla- 
brous, terete  or  slightly  obcompressed,  10-ribbed  or  winged,  narrowed  above  and  in  most 
species  at  length  produced  into  a  long  slender  beak,  the  apex  dilated  into  a  small  flat 
disk.  Pappus  of  copious,  white,  scarcely,  scabrous,  soft  and  capillary  or  coarser  and  some- 
what rigid  bristles. 


88  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

CAMPANULA  LANGSDORFFIANA,  Fisch.  Glabrous  ;  stem  simple,  slen- 
der, erect,  4'-l°  high,  leafy  toward  the  base,  1-flowered ;  leaves  sparsely 
denticulate,  radical  ones  spatulate,  l'-2'  long,  tapering  to  the  base,  stem- 
leaves  narrowly  lanceolate  or  linear ;  ovary  obconic;  calyx-lobes  lance- 
olate, acuminate,  serrulate  on  the  margins,  more  than  half  as  long  as  the 
corolla ;  corolla  spreading-campanulate,  deeply  5-lobed,  narrowed  toward 
the  base,  large  for  the  size  of  the  plant,  I'  in  diameter. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
359.  "  Very  common  in  the  subalpine  region  and  lower,  in  wet  ground." 
North  Park,  Hayden.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  South  Park, 
Porter.  Sierra  Madre  Eange  and  Ute  Pass,  Coulter. 

CAMPANULA  UNIFLORA,  DC.  Prod.  7,  p.  482.  Stem  1-flowered;  leaves 
subentire,  lower  obovate,  petioled,  the  middle  ones  obovate-lanceolate 
and  the  upper  ones  occasionally  linear-lanceolate;  calyx  slightly  villous 
with  linear  acuminate  lobes,  nearly  equaling  the  funnel  form  corolla ; 
capsule  cylindrical;  stems  2/-4/ high. — Hall  &  Harbour,  360.  " Pike's 
Peak ;  high  alpine.77  Divide  between  Sacramento  and  Mosquito,  at  13,000 
ft.  lat.,  Coulter.  Sangre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegee. 

CAMPANULA  APARINOIDES,  Pursh. — Hall  &  Harbour,  361. 

SPECULARIA  PERFOLIATA,  A.  DC. — Plains  of  the  Platte  near  Denver, 
Coulter.  Golden  City,  Greene. 

ERICACEJE. 

VACCINIUM  C^ESPITOSUM,  MX. — Hall  &  Harbour,  363. 

VACCINIUM  MYRTILLUS,  L.  Branches  sharply-angled,  green ;  leaves 
deciduous,  ovate,  minutely  serrate,  glabrous,  shining ;  peduncles  1-flow- 
ered, solitary,  axillary,  nodding ;  stemG'-l0  high,  very  diffusely  branched ; 
flowers  small,  V  in  length,  white ;  fruit  small,  about  W  in  diameter, 
light  red.  Leaves  variable  in  size,  2//-6//  long,  2"-6"  broad.  Alpine  and 
subalpine. — Hall  &  Harbour,  362.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Georgetown, 
Dr.  Smith.  Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS  UVA-URST,  Spreng. — Hall  &  Harbour,  364.  Dr. 
Smith  ;  B.  H.  Smith  ;  Porter.  Common  in  the  mountains,  Coulter.  The 
"  Kinnikinick  "  of  the  Indians. 

GAULTHERIA  MYRSINITES,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.-Am.  2,  p.  35,  t.  129.  Low, 
trailing;  stems  2/-6/  long,  leaves  orbicular-ovate,  ciliate-serrate,  shining, 
4//-9//  in  diameter;  flowers  solitary,  with  several  ovate  bracts  ;  subcam- 
paimlate  corolla  scarcely  exceeding  the  calyx,  white,  V  in  length ;  anthers 
obtuse ;  filaments  glabrous ;  disk  none  ;  fruit  scarlet. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
365. 

KALMIA  GLAUCA,  Ait.,  var.  MIOROPHYLLA,  Hook.  Stems  leafy,  l'-2' 
long;  leaves  somewhat  oval,  scarcely  6"  in  length;  flowers  1-4,  on  ped- 
icels I7  long.  Alpine. — Hall  &  Harbour,  370. 

PYROLA  ROTUNDIFOLIA,  L.,var.  ULIGINOSA,  Gr. — Hall  &  Harbour,  367 ; 
Parry.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Eedjield. 

PYROLA  CHLORANTHA,  Swartz. — Hall  &  Harbour,  368 ;  Meehan. 
•PYROLA  SECUND A,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  366.  Georgetown,  Dr.  Smith; 
Meehan.  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

PYROLA  MINOR,  L. — Parry.  Twin  Lake  Creek,  at  10,000  feet  altitude, 
Coulter.  Alpine  forests,  Jefferson  County,  Greene. 

MONESES  UNIFLORA,  Gr. — Hall  &  Harbour,  369.  Wet  Mountain  Val- 
ley, Brandegee.  Mount  La  Plata,  at  11,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

PTEROSPORA  ANDROMEDEA,  Nutt. — North  Park,  Hayden.  Chiaim 
Canon,  Porter.  Hall  &  Harbour,  371.  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  Eedjield. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  89 

PtANTAOINACEJE. 

PLANTAGO  ERIOPODA,  Torr.  Ann.  N.  T.,  Lye.  2,  p.  237.  Perennial  ; 
base  of  the  leaves  and  scape  invested  with  a  long  dense  wool  of  a  rusty 
brown  color  ;  leaves  broadly  lanceolate,  4'-6'  long,  !7-27  wide,  attenuate 
at  each  end,  long-petioled,  acute,  very  smooth  and  entire,  distinctly 
5-nerved;  scape  6'-l°  high,  terete,  very  glabrous;  spike  cylindrical, 
3'-6'  long,  of  rather  remote,  perfect  flowers  ;  stamens  and  styles  very 
long;  bracts  broadly  ovate,  obtusish;  capsules  2-celled,  4-5  seeded; 
seeds  not  hollowed.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  372.  South  Park,  Porttr.  Wes- 
ton's  Pass,  Coulter. 

PLANTAGO  PATAGONICA,  Jacq.,  var.  GNAPHALIOIDES,  Gr.  Very  abun- 
dant on  the  plains.  Hall  &  Harbour,  374.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  ftmith. 
Colorado  Springs,  Porter;  B.  H.  Smith.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

Var.  ARISTATA,  Gr.  —  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 


PRIMULA  PARRYT,  Gr.  Sill.  Jour.  (N.  S.)  34,  p.  257.  Leaves  oblance- 
olate,  narrowed  to  a  broad,  fleshy  petiole,  and  with  the  rest  of  the  plant 
somewhat  glandular-scabrous,  at  least  upon  the  margin,  which  is  entire 
or  denticulate  with  short  glandular  teeth,  6/-12/  long;  scapes  4/-16/ 
high  ;  flowers  rose-color,  becoming  purple  in  drying,  6-15,  on  unequal 
pedicels,  ^'-3'  long;  leaves  of  the  involucre  subulate  or  linear,  unequal, 
acute,  several  times  shorter  than  the  elongated  pedicels  ;  calyx-lobes 
broad-lanceolate,  acute,  equaling  the  tube  of  the  pink  corolla;  corolla- 
lobes  rounded,  obcordately  2-cleft  or  ernarginate.  Alpine  and  sub- 
alpine;  common.  —  Parry,  311;  Hall  &  Harbour,  379.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr. 
Smith;  Aleehan.  Mount  Lincoln,  at  13,000  feet  attitude,  July  9,  Coulter. 
Redjield. 

PRIMULA  ANGUSTIFOLIA,  Torr.  Ann.,  N.  Y.  Lye.  1,  p.  34,  t.  3,  fig.  3. 
Tufted,  from  a  thick  rootstock;  scapes  3//-12//  high,  leafless;  leaves 
elliptical  lanceolate  or  oblong,  sometimes  spatulate,  6/7-1277  long,  obtuse, 
mem  bran  aceous,  veinless,  glabrous,  very  entire  ;  scape  solitary,  1  -flow- 
ered, shorter  than  the  leaves,  with  a  bract  a  little  below  the  flower; 
calyx  cylindrical-oblong,  5-6  cleft,  smooth,  segments  subulate,  erect; 
corolla  purple,  sub-campanulate,  tube  £  longer  than  the  calyx,  limb 
erect,  spreading,  with  ovate,  obtuse,  very  entire  segments,  6/7-7/7  broad  ; 
stamens  in  the  tube  of  the  corolla  ;  filaments  very  short  ;  anthers  oblong, 
2-celled;  style  1,  straight,  persistent;  stigma  globose;  capsule  ovate. 
High-alpine.  —  Pike's  Peak,  Porter;  Parry.  James's  Peak,  at  12,000  feet 
altitude,  Mount  Lincoln,  at  13,000  feet,  and  Mount  La  Plata,  at  14,000  feet, 
Coulter.  Gray's  Peak,  Redfield. 

PRIMULA  FARINOSA,  L.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  378.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 
Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  South  Park,  Coulter. 

ANDROSACESEPTENTRIONALIS,L.  DC.  Prod.  8,  p.  52.  Annual,  acaules- 
cent,  minutely  pubescent;  leaves  rosulate,  lanceolate  or  lance-ovate,  J7-!7 
long,  denticulate,  on  a  broad  petiole;  scapes  numerous,  many-flowered, 
3-20,  £7-67  high  ;  leaflets  of  the  involucre  subulate,  acute  ;  calyx-lobes 
ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  equaling  the  corolla;  pedicels  numerous, 
filiform;  calyx-tube  obconic.  Common  at  all  elevations  from  low  sub- 
alpine  to  alpine.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  37  '6;  Parry.  Canon  City,  Brandegee; 
Canby.  Georgetown,  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith.  Porter.  Clear  Creek 
Canon,  Long's  Peak,  and  the  Sierra  Madra  Range,  Coulter. 

ANDROSACE   FILIFORMIS,  Retz.    DC.  Prod.  8,  p.  53.    Acaulescent  ; 


90          SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

leaves  rosulate,  ovate,  or  ovate-rotund,  subacute,  very  smooth,  serrate- 
dentate,  petiolate,  petiole  winged,  nearly  equaling  the  limb;  scapes 
numerous,  erect,  filiform,  sparingly  pilose  above;  involucre  small;  ped- 
icels 20-30,  capillary;  calyx  5-cleft,  campanulate,  very  smooth,  lobes 
equaling  the  tube  or  a  little  shorter,  lance-ovate,  acute ;  limb  of  the 
corolla  very  small,  with  obtuse,  lance-ovate  lobes. — Much  smaller  and 
more  delicate  in  all  its  parts  than  the  preceding,  which  it  much  re- 
sembles, but  is  readily  distinguished  by  its  subglobose  calyx  with  shorter 
acd  less  spreading  teeth. — "  Subalpine;  not  rare."  Hall  &  Harbour,  375. 

ANDROSACE  OCCIDENTALIS,  Nutt. — "On  the  plains."  Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 377. 

ANDROSACE  CHAM^EJASME,  Willd.  DC.  Prod.  8,  p.  51.  (A.  carinata, 
Torr.)  Steins  erect;  l'-2'  high;  leaves  rosulate,  much  crowded,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acute,  very  entire,  scarcely  petioled,  subglabrous  on  both 
sides,  ciliate  on  the  margin  ;  scapes  1  or  few,  2-5-flowered,  villous  with 
jointed  hairs ;  leaflets  of  the  involucre  equaling  the  pedicels  or  a  little 
shorter,  lance-ovate,  villous,  ciliate;  lobes  of  the  campanulate  calyx 
about  5,  pilose,  about  equaling  the  tube,  acute  or  obtuse;  lobes  of  the 
corolla  entire,  ovate,  sinuate;  capsule  globose,  1£"  in  diameter.  High 
alpine. — Pike's  Peak,  Porter.  Hall  &  Harbour,  202.  Sangre  de  Cristo 
Pass,  Brandegee.  Mount  Evans,  Greene. 

DODECATHEON  MEADIA,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  381 ;  Meehan.  Middle 
Boulder,  Coulter.  South  Park,  Porter.  Subalpine  and  alpine. 

LYSIMACHIA  CILIATA,  L. — "  Mountains  at  medium  height,"  Hall  d* 
Harbour,  382 ;  Meehan. 

GLAUX  MARITIMA,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  60  and  577.  South  Park, 
Porter  and  Coulter. 

L.ENTIBUJLACEJE. 

UTRICULARIA  VULGARIS  L. — "  In  a  subalpine  lake."  Hall  &  Harbour, 
580 .    Cold  Marsh,  near  Long's  Peak,  Coulter. 
UTRICULARIA  GIBBA,  L. — Alpine  lake,  1870,  Greene. 

OROBANCHACEJE. 

PHELIP^A  LUDOVICIANA,  Don. — On  rootsof  Artemisia  frigida,V?illd., 
Meehan. 

APHYLLON  FASCICULATUM,  T.  &  G.—Hall  &  Harbour,  383.  Near 
Denver,  B.  H.  Smith;  Meehan.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  South  Park, 
Porter.  Monument  Park  and  Weston's  Pass,  Coulter. 

APHYLLON  UNIFLORUM,  T.  &  G.— Golden  City,  Greene. 

SCROPHUL.ARIACE  JS. 

LINARIA  CANADENSIS,  Spreng. — Golden  City,  Greene. 
SCROPHULARIA  NODOSA,  L.— Foot-hills  west  of  Denver,  Porter.    Bear 
Creek,  Coulter;  Greene. 

COLLINSIA  PARVIFLORA,  Dougl.— Hall  &  Harbour,  402.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee.  Saint  Vrain  Canon,  Coulter. 

PENTSTEMON  BARBATUS,  Nutt.  Gr.  Rev.  Pentst.  Proc.  Am.  Aead.,  6. 
p.  59.  Very  glabrous,  2°-3°  high;  leaves  very  entire;  upper  ones  linear- 
lanceolate  ;  panicle  lax,  elongated ;  segments  of  the  short  calyx  margined ; 
corolla  strongly  bilabiate,  scarlet,  V  or  more  long,  upper  lip  broad,  con- 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.          91 

cave,  slightly  emarginate-bifid,  lower  deflexed,  deeply  3-cleft,  scarce 
equal  in  length  to  the  upper,  usually  bearded  ;  tube  elongated,  scarcely 
ampliate  ;  sterile  filanieut  naked. 

Var.  TORREYI,  Gr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.,  p.  114.  (P.  Torreyi,  Benth.  in 
DC.  Prod.  10,  p.  324.)  Tall,  2°-3°  high,  glaucous;  leaves  entire,  can- 
line  sessile,  lanceolate  or  linear ;  panicle  elongated,  few-flowered  ;  corolla 
l'-l£'  long,  somewhat  dilated  above,  throat  less  bearded  or  naked;  lips, 
especially  the  upper,  a  little  longer;  bright  scarlet. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
395.  Cahou  City,  Brandegee.  Upper  Arkansas,  Porter.  Ute  Pass,  Coul- 
ter.. Not  common. 

PENTSTEMON  GLABER,  Pursh.  Gr.  Rev.  I.  c.,  p.  59.  Very  glabrous ; 
stems  6'-3°  high,  usually  several  from  the  same  root,  stont ;  leaves  fleshy, 
glaucous,  sessile,  entire,  2'-4'  long,  4//-9//  wide ;  flowers  large,  showy,  in 
a .  thyrsoid  panicle,  violet-purple,  12//-15//  long;  sepals  broadly  ovate, 
submembrauaceous  on  the  margin,  obtuse  or  more  or  less  pointed;  corolla 
bright  purple,  showy,  widely  dilated  above,  the  limb  shortly  2-lobed 
with  the  lobes  rounded  and  spreading  equally,  bearded  in  the  throat ; 
anthers  loosely  hairy,  hirsutulous  or  glabrous,  the  divaricate  cells  dehis- 
cent from  the  base  nearly  to  the  summit,  but  not  expanded ;  the  sterile 
filament  short-hirsute  toward  the  apex  or  glabrous. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
384.  Monument  Park,  Porter.  Plains  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Com- 
mon. 

Var.  ALPINTJS,  Gr.  (P.  alpinus,  Torr.)  Dwarf,  4/-12/  high,  more  strict, 
sometimes  pruinose-puberulent;  sepals  from  an  ovate  base  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  long  acuminate. — Parry.  "  Rocky  Mountains  on  both  sides." 
Hoopes. 

PENTSTEMON  CYANANTHUS,  Hook.  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  60.  (P.  glaber, 
var.  cyananthus,  Gr.)  Glabrous;  stems  slender  but  sometimes  stout- 
l£°-2°  high ;  cauline  leaves  broadly  ovate  or  oblong,  acute  or  acurni, 
nate,  2/-4/  long,  l'-2'  broad ;  thyrsoid  panicle  usually  very  short,  4'  long- 
sepals  ovate-lanceolate  with  a  long  attenuated  acumiuation ;  otherwise 
as  in  P.  glaber. — Platte  River,  Coulter. 

Var.  BRANDEGKEI,  Porter.  Minutely  pubemlent  except  the  peduncles 
and  flowers ;  stem  stout,  erect,  1  J°-2°  high ;  leaves  opposite,  very  entire, 
thick,  coriaceous,  veiny,  the  lower  ones  spatulate  or  ovate-lanceolate, 
narrowed  to  the  base,  upper  ones  much  larger,  somewhat  crowded,  cor- 
date-ovate, sessile,  clasping  and  almost  connate,  finely  ciliate  on  the  mar- 
gins, 2/-3/  long,  I'-IJ'  broad;  bracts  of  the  ample  thyrse  (6'  long)  similar 
but  smaller;  cymes  6-8-flowered ;  calyx-segments  broad-ovate,  with  scari- 
ouserose-deuticulate  margins, subulate-acuminate, glabrous;  corolla  I'-IJ' 
long,  abruptly  veiitricose-campaimlate,  the  upper  part  and  the  rounded 
lobes  bright  azure  blue,  paler  or  white  beneath,  slightly  hairy  in  the 
throat,  smooth  within ;  sterile  filament  scantily  bearded  under  the  dilated 
apex;  capsule  ovoid,  acute. — Sierra  Mojado,  Brandegee. 

PENTSTEMON  FREMONTI,  Gr.  Gr.  Rev.  I.  c.,  p.  60.  Pruinose  puber- 
uleut,  a  span  or  more  high  ;  lower  leaves  spatulate,  cauline  lanceolate, 
sessile;  panicle  strict,  spike-form,  naked,  cymules  approximate,  many- 
flowered,  very  short-peduucled ;  sepals  oblong-ovate,  acute,  membra- 
nous on  the  margin  ;  corolla  9"  long,  narrowly  funnel-form,  scarcely 
bilabiate ;  anthers  sparingly  hirsute ;  sterile  filament  dilated  and  bearded 
at  the  apex. 

Var.  PARRYI,  Gr.  King's  Rep.  vol.  5,  p.  218.  Stem  slender,  1°- 
2°  high ;  leaves  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  2'  long,  4//-9//  wide ; 
panicle  few-many-flowered,  more  or  less  interrupted,  with  the  pedun- 


92  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

cles,  6"-12"  long ;  flowers  purple  or  occasionally  nearly  white  ;  anthers 
glabrous  except  along  the  dehiscence. — Colorado,  Parry. 

PENTSTEMON  C^ERULEUS,  Nutt.  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  61.  (P.  angustifolim, 
Nutt.)  A  span  high ;  glabrous  or  the  upper  stem  and  leaves  usually  min- 
utely pubescent ;  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  thick,  entire,  sessile,  erect, 
crowded;  sepals  lanceolate,  gradually  acuminate,  often  ciliolate  on  the 
margins,  white-membranaceous;  corolla  6"  long,  somewhat  dilated, 
scarcely  2-lipped,  bright  azure  or  purplish-blue  ;  anthers  glabrous,  often 
with  short- ciliate  margins;  sterile  filament,  usually  dilated  and  yellow- 
bearded  at  the  apex. — Foot-hills  near  Denver,  Coulter. 

PENTSTEMON  ACUMINATUS,  Dougl.  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  61.  Glabrous  and 
glaucous,  6'-18'  high ;  radical  leaves  spatulate,  cauline  lanceolate,  oblong 
or  ovate-lanceolate,  or  the  upper  ones  subcordate,  rigid,  glaucous ;  thyr- 
sus elongated,  many-flowered,  often  secund ;  sepals  either  ovate  or  lan- 
ceolate, acute  or  acuminate;  corolla  Q"-W  long,  blue  or  purple,  tube 
gradually  dilated  upward,  lobes  rounded,  flat,  spreading;  capsule  very 
sharply  acuminate. — Hall  &  Harbour,  386;  Parry.  Near  Denver,  Dr. 
Smith.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  B.  H.  Smith.  Monument  Park  and 
Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 

PENTSTEMON  SECUNDIFLORUS,  Benth.  DC.  Prod,  10,  p.  325.  Glabrous, 
pale,  and  somewhat  glaucous,  12'-30'  high;  radical  leaves  petioled,  ellip- 
tic-spatulate  or  narrowly -lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acute,  upper  ones  lanceo- 
late or  linear-lanceolate,  sessile,  middle  ones  3'-4'  long,  erect ;  thyrsus 
elongated,  narrow,  6'-9'  long,  interrupted;  cymes  secund,  few-many- 
flowered;  segments  of  the  calyx  oval-oblong,  acute  oracutish,  with  mem- 
branous margins ;  tube  of  the  corolla  more  or  less  abruptly  ampliated 
below  the  middle;  anthers  glabrous  or  very  minutely  puberulent; 
sterile  filament  dilated  at  the  apex,  not  bearded,  (bearded,  Benth.) — This 
species  is  merged  by  Dr.  Gray  into  the  preceding  one,  Rev.  Pentst.,p.  62, 
but  it  seems  to  maintain  its  distinctive  characters  well.  It  is  extremely 
abundant  on  the  plains  and  at  lower  elevations  in  the  mountains. — Canon 
City,  Brandegee.  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Georgetown,  B.  H.  Smith.  Colo- 
rado Springs,  Porter.  Monument  Park,  Canby. 

PENTSTEMON  AMBIGUUS,  Torr.  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  64.  Glabrous,  l°-2° 
high,  paniculately  branching  from  a  ligneous  base ;  lower  leaves  linear, 
attenuated  at  base ;  upper  ones  subulate-filiform  or  acerose-subulate ; 
racemes  loosely-flowered ;  corolla  5"-8"  long,  tube  6",  often  incurved, 
scarcely  dilated  above,  with  the  spreading  limb,  6"  in  diameter ;  sterile 
filament  glabrous.— Southeastern  Colorado,  F.  R.  Diffenderffer. 

PENTSTEMON  C^ESPITOSUS,  Nutt.  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  66.  Grayish  puberu- 
lent, depressed,  branching  from  the  base ;  branches  crowded,  short,  2/-6/ 
long,  decumbent  or  ascending,  very  leafy  to  the  apex ;  leaves  3"-12" 
long,  lanceolate  or  linear-spatulate,  acute  or  submucronate,  veiiiless,  en- 
tire ;  peduncles  axillary,  short,  secund,  at  length  de-curved,  spread- 
ing, with  2  leafy  bracts  at  the  apex  and  1-3  flowers  ascending  on  short 
pedicels ;  sepals  linear-lanceolate,  rather  broader  and  scarious-marglned 
at  the  base ;  corolla  6/x-97/  long,  bluish-purple,  tubular,  somewhat  dilated 
above  and  biplicate;  limb  shortly  bilabiate,  with  nearly  equal  lobes; 
sterile  filament  long-bearded.— Middle  elevations.  Hall  d;  Harbour,  393; 
Middle  Park,  Parry.  South  Park,  Porter.  Taylor  River,  Coulter.  Canon 
City,  Brandegee.  Canby. 

PENTSTEMON  ALBIDTJS,  Nutt.  Gen.  2,  p.  53.  Stem  puberulent,  6'-9' 
high;  lower  leaves  petioled,  oblong,  obtuse,  subentire,  upper  serrate, 
lanceolate,  glabrous  or  puberuleut;  thyrsus  oblong,  subverticillately- 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  93 

interrupted;  cymes  subsessile,  few-flowered ;  segments  of  tbe  calyx  lan- 
ceolate, pubescent;  tube  of  the  corolla  widened  above,  f  long,  less  ven- 
tricose  than  iu  P.  cristata  ;  beard  of  the  sterile  filament  rather  short,  some- 
what interrupted. — a  Plains;  flowers  white,"  Hall  &  Harbour,  389. 

PENTSTEMON  CRIST ATUS,  Niitt.  Gr.Rev.  I.  c.,  p.  67.  Viscid-pubescent; 
lower  leaves  oblanceolate,  petioled,  upper  ones  oblong-lanceolate,  sessile, 
clasping,  entire  or  denticulate ;  panicle  strict,  with  short,  appressed, 
3-4-flowered  peduncles;  sepals  linear-lanceolate,  attenuate, very  hirsute; 
corolla  1'  long,  violet,  broadly  funnel-form  above  the  calyx,  somewhat 
bilabiate,  the  lower  lips  and  sterile  filament  strongly  bearded  with  long 
hairs ;  anthers  glabrous,  expanding. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Pueblo, 
Greene.  The  specimens  differ  from  the  typical  form  in  having  much 
narrower,  sometimes  almost  linear  leaves. 

PENTSTEMON  PUBESCENS,  Soland.,  var.  GRACILIS,  Gr.  (P.  gracilis, 
Xutt.)  Gratfs  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  69.  Nearly  glabrous;  cauline  leaves  and 
thyrsus  narrowed ;  corolla  usually  more  slender,  not  bearded. — Canon 
City?  Brandegee.  Colorado  Springs  and  South  Park,  Porter.  Monument 
Park,  Coulter. 

PENTSTEMON  HUMILIS,  Nutt.  Gr.  Rev.,  1.  c.,  p.  69.  Glabrous  below 
and  somewhat  glaucous,  minutely  viscid-pubescent  above,  3'-10'  high  ; 
lower  leaves  spatulate  or  oblauceolate,  the  upper  oblong  or  linear- 
oblong,  sessile  and  clasping;  all  acute  or  acuminate,  usually  entire, 
occasionally  somewhat  serrulate ;  peduncles  rather  short,  appressed, 
2-8-tiowered;  sepals  ovate-lanceoate,  with  usually  a  slender  herbaceous 
recurved  acuminatiou  ;  corol las  4"-8"  long,  deep  blue,  dilating  upwards, 
somewhat  bilabiate,  throat  open  and  without  folds;  anthers  glabrous, 
expanding;  sterile  filament  yellow-bearded. — "Low  mountains;  an  early 
species,"  Hall  &  Harbour,  387.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Dr.  Smith.  Clear 
Creek  Canon,  Coulter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

PENTSTEMON  GLATJCUS,  Grah.  Gr.  Rev.,  1.  c.,  p.  70.  Glabrous  except 
the  viscid-pubescent  inflorescence,  £°-lJ°  high;  leaves  subglaucous, 
denticulate  or  entire  ;  radical  ones  subovate,  petioled,  the.  upper  oblong- 
lanceolate,  dilated  and  clasping  at  the  base;  thyrse  subcompact ;  sepals 
ovate-lanceolate;  corolla  I'  long,  widely  and  abruptly  ventricose  above 
the  base,  the  throat  open  and  without  folds,  the  lower  lip  slightly 
longer  and  sparingly  villous  with  long  hairs,  violet  or  lilac  color ;  anthers 
glabrous  and  expanding  ;  sterile  filament  yellow-bearded. 

Yar.  STENOSEPALTJS,  Gr.  Sepals  lanceolate  with  a  long  slender  acu- 
inination;  thyrse  short. — Hall  &  Harbour,  399.  Sangre  de  Cristo  Pass, 
Brandegee.  Mount  Lincoln,  at  13,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

PENTSTEMON  HALLII,  Gr.  Gr.  Rev.,  I.  c.,  p  7C.  Stems  numerous  from 
a  creeping  root-stock,  3'-5'  high,  glabrous  except  the  inflorescence  which 
under  the  microscope  is  very  minutely  glandulose;  leaves  very  enure, 
pale,  glaucous,  linear-spatulate  or  linear,  radical  and  lower  cauline  ones 
attenuated  at  the  base,  l'-2'  long,  including  the  petiole,  lJ"-4"  wide; 
thyrse  or  simple  raceme  4-10-flowered  ;  pedicels  short;  sepals  ovate  or 
oblong,  with  broad,  often  erose,  scarious  margins;  corolla  7//-9// long,  in- 
flated, ventricose-campanulate  from  a  very  short  base,  bluish-purple, 
lips  short,  about  equal  in  length,  upper  one  almost  2-lobed  to  the  middle, 
lower  3-lobed,  glabrous  within  ;  beard  of  the  sterile  filament  short. — 
Hall  &  Harbour,  388.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Horse  Shoe 
Mountain,  at  11,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter.  Gray's  Peak,  Redfield. 

PENTSTEMON  HARBOURII,  Gr.  Gr.  Rev.,  I.  c.,  p.  71.  Stems  many  from 
a  slender,  creeping  root-stock,  low,  2'-4'  long,  pruiuose-puberuleut  even 


94          SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

to  the  top,  leafy;  leaves  uniform,  almost  glabrous,  thickish,  obovate  or 
oblong,  very  obtuse,  very  entire  or  repand;  pedicels  short,  alternate, 
viscous-pubescent,  as  well  as  the  calyx ;  sepals  ovate,  shortly  acuminate 
or  broadly  lanceolate,  margins  not  scarious;  corolla  purple,  1"-$"  long; 
tube  cyliudraceous,  limb  shortly  2-lipped,  upper  lip  deeply  2-lobed, 
lower  lip  deeply  3-lobed,  with  a  hispid  beard  in  the  throat;  sterile  fila- 
ment dilated  at  the  apex  and  bearded  downwards;  capsule  scarce  ex- 
ceeding the  calyx. — "  Mount  Breckenridge  on  Blue  River,  west  of  the 
main  range,  in  the  high  alpine  region  near  perpetual  snow,"  Hall  c(- 
Harbour,  396.  Brandegee. 

PENTSTEMOK  CONFEKTUS,  Dougl.  Or.  Rev.,  1.  c.,  p.  72.  Very  glabrous, 
erect,  1°-1J°  high;  lower  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  petioled,  the  upper 
sessile  and  lanceolate  or  somewhat  ovate,  all  entire;  flowers  densely 
clustered  in  an  interrupted  spike,  the  upper  cymes  nearly  sessile, 
crowded,  often  reflexed;  sepals  broadly  lanceolate  or  ovate,  margins 
white-scarious  or  erose-dentate  or  laciniate,  acute  or  produced  into  a 
long  green  acumination ;  corolla  5"-$"  long,  sulphur-yellow,  narrow, 
somewhat  bilabiate ;  sterile  filament  bearded. 

Var.  O^ERULEO-PURPUREUS,  Gr.  Stems  6'-2°  high;  corolla  deep 
bluish-purple. — Hall  &  Harbour,  391.  Twin  Lakes,  Porter.  Brandegee; 
B.  H.  Smith.  Abundant  throughout  the  mountains  in  damp  places. 
Mount  Lincoln,  at  13,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

CmoNOPHiLA1  JAMESTI,  Beuth.  Low,  glabrous,  from  a  thick  root-stock ; 
stem  scape-form,  1/-4'  bigh,  with  a  pair  of  leaves  above  the  middle, 
terminated  by  a  crowded  spike  of  flowers;  radical  leaves  tapering  into 
the  expanded  membranaceous,  hyaline  bases,  spatulate  or  oblong-linear, 
obtuse,  very  entire,  thickish  ;  dowers  u-4,  crowded ;  bracts  opposite 
ovate,  connate  at  base,  obtuse  or  acute,  unequal,  flower  in  the  axil  of 
the  larger  one  which  nearly  equals  its  tube  ;  flowers  yellowish,  on  very 
short  pedicels;  calyx  4^"-^"  long,  companulate,  teeth  broad,  obtuse; 
corolla  a  little  longer,  lower  lip  densely  tomentose  within. — Plant  dries 
black.— Hall  &  Harbour,  397.  "High  alpine,  Pike's  Peak,7'  Meehav. 
Mount  Lincoln,  at  13,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

MIMULUS  LUTEUS,  L.  DC.  Prod.  10,  p.  370.  Smooth  orviscid-puberu- 
lent,  ascending  or  erect,  2/-4°  high ;  leaves  numerous,  erose-dentate  or 
denticulate,  orbiculate,  ovate,  or  suboblong,  the  lower  loug-petioled  and 
often  sublyrate,  the  upper  sessile  or  cordate-amplexicaul,  about  7-iierved, 
shorter  than  the  peduncles;  calyx  ovate,  becoming  inflated  in  fruit, 
with  ovate  teeth,  the  upper  one  largest;  tube  of  the  dilated  yellow 
corolla  twice  longer  than  the  calyx,  the  lower  lip  bearded. — Very  com- 
mon in  damp  spots  at  middle  elevations.— _ff«M  &  Harbour,  398 ;  Bran- 
degee j  Porter  •  Coulter. 

MIMULUS  JAMESII,  Torr.,  var.  FREMONTII,  Benth.  Pedicel  slender, 
longer  than  the  leaf;  flowers  smaller. — Hall  &  Harbour,  399.  Cherry 
Creek,  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

MIMULUS  FLORIBUNDUS,  Gr.  DC.  Prod.  10,  p.  372.  Viscidly-pilose; 
stem  slender,  2/-18/  long,  diffusely  branching  at  the  base,  ascending- 
leaves  petioled,  3'-18'  long,  ovate,  dentate,  or  denticulate,  lower  sub- 
cordate,  somewhat  pinnately  5-7  nerved ;  peduncles  axillary  to  nearly 

1  CHIONOPHILA,  Benth.  in  DC.  Prod.  10,  p.  1, 331.  Calyx  large,  membranous,  4-5  toothed, 
the  fifth  tooth  smaller.  Tube  of  the  corolla  scarcely  exsert ;  lips  short,  broad,  upper  one 
emarginate,  somewhat  concave,  lower  spreading,  short-tritid.  Fertile  stamens  4, 
declined  at  base,  at  length  ascending ;  anthers  glabrous ;  cells  confluent ;  filament  of 
the  fifth  stamen,  sterile,  scarcely  shorter  than  the  others.  Apex  of  the  style  slightly 
stigmatose.  Ovaries  numerous  in  each  cell. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  95 

every  leaf,  solitary,  slender,  mostly  longer  than  the  leaves;  aclyx  ovate, 
5-angled,  with  very  short,  subequal  teeth,  becoming  much  dilated  ;  cor- 
olla yellow,  3"-4'Mong,  twice  longer  than  the  calyx. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
400.  Upper  Arkansas,  Porter.  Grand  Canon  of  the  Arkansas,  Brande- 
yee. 

MnirLUS  RUBELLUS,  Gr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.,  p.  116.  Annual,  dwarf,  £'-3' 
high,  glabrous  or  viscid-puberulent ;  stem  erect,  simple  or  much  branched ; 
leaves  2//-6//  long,  obovate  or  spatulate,  narrowly  oblong  or  lanceolate 
or  linear,  3-5  nerved,  mostly  entire,  sessile  and  narrowed  at  base  or 
the  lower  short-petioled,  about  equaling  the  peduncles;  calyx  oblong. 
l"-2"  long,  becoming  somewhat  dilated,  the  mouth  squarely  truncate, 
with  short  equal  teeth;  corolla  yellow,  red  or  purple,  small  and  scarcely 
exserted  or  2-3  times  longer  than  the  calyx  and  the  dilated  limb. — "  Sub- 
alpine;  scarce."  Hall  &  Harbour,  401. 

GRATIOLA  VIRGINIANA,  L. — Platte  Eiver,  Coulter. 

LIMOSELLA  AQUATICA,  L. — uLow  mountains,"  Rail  &  Harbour,  80; 
Bra  n  degee  ;  Canby. 

SYNTH YRIS  PLANT AGUNEA,  Benth.  DC.  Prod.,  10,  p.  455.  Woolly-pu- 
bescent, becoming  smooth  ;  radical  leaves  oblong,  crenate,  thick,  coria- 
ceous, 3/-6/  long,  2'-3£'  broad,  abruptly  narrowed  at  base  and  somewhat 
decurrent  on  the  petiole ;  petioles  '2'-3'  long,  somewhat  pilose  on  the 
veins  and  ribs ;  scape  G'-IU'  high,  furnished  with  numerous  oblong  or 
orbicular,  nearly  sessile  bracts;  flowers  in  a  long,  dense  spike,  in  fruit 
6'  in  length ;  fruit  scarcely  exceeding  the  round,  ovate,  persistent  bracts. 
— Hall  ib  Harbour,  405;  Canby.  Chiaun  Canon,  IJte  Pass,  and  South  Park, 
Porter.  Este's  Park,  Coulter.  At  lower  elevations. 

SYNTHYRIS  ALPINA,  Gr.  Sill.  Jour.,  (N.  S.,)  33,  p.  125.  Somewhat 
woolly,  becoming  smooth;  radical  leaves  elliptic  or  oval,  sometimes 
subcordate,  closely  crenate,  l'-2',  on  slender  petioles;  scape  2/-6/  high, 
leafy-bracted;  spike  short,  dense,  in  flower  9//-12// long ;  sepals  lanceo- 
late, villous  on  the  outside  toward  the  edge  with  long  hairs  as  well  as  the 
bracts ;  corolla  2-parted,  upper  lip  very  broad,  erose,  lower  much 
smaller,  2-3-parted,  lobes  narrow,  purplish-blue  ;  stigma  capitate  ;  sta- 
mens exsert. — High  alpine. — Parry, 255.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith;  Mee- 
han. Chicago  Lakes,  at  13,000  feet  attitude,  C0*tor.  Redjield. 

VERONICA  AMERICANA,  Schwein. — Hall  &  Harbou r, 408 ;  Dr.  Smith; 
Porter  ;  Meehan;  Coulter. 

VERONICA  ALPINA,  L. — Hall  <£•  Harbour,  407 ;  Meehan ;  Brandegee. 
Mount  Lincoln,  at  14,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

VERONICA  SERPYLLIFOLIA,  L. — Hall  tf*  Harbour,  406 ;  Meehan.  Clear 
Creek  Canon,  at  9,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

VERONICA  PEREGRINA,  'L. — Monument  Park,  Coulter. 

GERARDIA  TENUIFOLIA,  Vahl.  Branches  slender,  erect,  strict, 
crowded.— Xear  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Clear  Creek,  below  Golden  City, 
Greene. 

CASTILLEIA  LINARI^EFOLIA,  Benth.  DC.  Prod.,  10,  p.  532.  Gray's  Rev. 
Sill.  Jour.,  (N.  S.,)  34,  p.  335.  Very  glabrous,  smooth  or  loosely  woolly-pu- 
bescent above;  stems  2°-4°  high  from  a  woody  base,  simple  or  branched, 
somewhat  glaucous,  shining,  rarely  pubescent  throughout;  leaves  1'— 3' 
long,  occasionally  3" -A"  broad,  1 -nerved  or  more  or  less  3-nerved  at 
base,  linear,  entire  or  often  3-cleft  or  parted,  narrowed  at  base,  floral 
ones  scarlet-colored  and  acute  ;  spike  interrupted ;  flowers  sessile  or  on 
short  peduncles;  calyx  incurved,  J'-l7  long, deeply  cleft  anteriorly,  sub- 


96  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

ulately  4-toothed  at  the  apex,  mostly  exceeding  the  bracts,  colored; 
corolla  1/-2'  long,  nearly  glabrous,  bright  scarlet;  lobes  of  the  lower  lip 
linear-subulate,  the  yellow  galea  usually  I'  or  more  in  length  or  some- 
times scarcely  exsert. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Twin  Lakes,  Porter  and 
Coulter.  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  Redfield. 

CASTILLEIA  BREVIFLORA,  Gray  (non  Benth.)  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  238. 
(Etiahromfi  breviflora,  Nntt.)  Low,  subvillous  or  subcinereous,  3'-6'  high, 
branched  from  the  base ;  leaves  mostly  3-5  cleft  with  linear  lobes,  the 
floral  ones  not  dilated  or  colored ;  spikes  dense,  scarcely  I'  long  in  flow- 
er; calyx  equally  cleft  or  moderately  cleft  in  front,  segments  deeply 
bind,  obovoid-oblong,  lobes  lanceolate ;  tube  of  the  yellow  corolla  nearly 
included,  lower  lip  tri-saccate,  cariuate,  shortly  3-cleft,  lobes  oblong,  ob- 
tuse. Alpine.— Hall  &  Harbour,  409 ;  Parry,  1872.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr. 
Smith. 

CASTILLEIA  PARVIFLORA,  Bong.  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  336.  Perennial, 
pilose  pubescent  and  hirsute  throughout,  scarcely  hispid ;  stems  3/-20/ 
high,  usually  numerous,  simple  or  branched ;  the  lower  leaves  usually 
entire  and  linear,  upper  ones  3-cleft  or  laciniately -pinnate,  the  floral  ones 
more  or  less  dilated  and  nearly  always  colored,  color  deep  red,  flesh- 
color,  yellow,  or  rarely  green  ;  calyx  deeply  cleft  both  above  and  below ; 
the  segments  either  eniarginately  2-lobed  or  deeply  bifid ;  lip  of  the 
corolla  very  short,  galea  scarcely  exceeding  the  calyx  or  exserted,  5"-6" 
long.  Sangre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegee.  North  Park,  Hayden. 

CASTILLEIA  INTEGRA,  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  338.  Loosely  tomentose; 
stems  numerous  from  one  root,  erect,  6'-15'  high,  usually  branched 
above ;  leaves  linear  or  lance-linear,  all  very  entire,  l%'-2'  in  length, 
whi  rish-tomentose,  widely  spreading,  the  floral  ones  somewhat  lobed, 
rarely  tritid,  much  enlarged  and  bright  scarlet  above;  flowers  1£7  long; 
segments  of  the  calyx  mostly  bind;  galea  exserted. — The.  most  abund- 
ant species  on  the  plains  and.  in  the  mountains  as  far  west  as  the  Snowy 
Range.  Hall  &  Harbour,  410.  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Clear  Creek  Cafion, 
Pleasant  Park,  and  Monument  Park,  Coulter.  Colorado  Springs  and 
Twin  Lakes,  Porter. 

CASTILLEIA  PALLID  A,  Kunth.  Gr.  Rev.  c.,  p.  337. — Subalpine.  Canon 
City,  Brandegee.  Clear  Creek  Canon  and  Weston's  Pass,  Coulter.  Hall& 
Harbour,  412. 

Var.  MINIATA,  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  337.  (C.  miniata,  Dougl.)  Greener,  gla- 
brous below,  taller,  l°-2°  high  ;  floral  leaves  dull  red ;  galea  usually 
much  exserted. — Hall  &  Harbour,  411.  The  most  common  form  at  mid- 
dle elevations.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Gumiison  River,  East  River, 
Sierra  Madre  Range,  and  South  Park,  Coulter.  Meehan.  North  Park, 
Hu/den.  Denver,  Dr.  Smith  ;  B.  H.  Smith.  Canby.  Ute  Pass  and  Twin 
Lakes,  Porter. 

Var.  ALPINA,  Porter.  Woolly- pubescent,  2'  high,  few-flowered  ;  flow- 
ers almost  concealed  in  the  broad  uucolored  floral  leaves. — High  alpine. 
Summit  of  Pike's  Peak,  Porter.  Mount  Lincoln,  at  12,000  feet  altitude, 
Co  utter. 

ORTHOCARPUS1  LUTEUS,  Nutt.    DC.  Prod.,  10,  p.  536.    Stem  hard,  his- 

1  ORTHOCARPUS,  Nutt.  Calyx  tubular-campanulate,  membranous  at  base,  usually 
sub-equ.illy  4-cleft  or  4-toothed.  Corolla-tube  sleuder  ;  galea  erect,  entire,  channeled, 
the  margin  inflexed  ;  lower  lip  shorter,  3-plicate  or  3-saccate,  sub-entire  at  the  apex  or 
with  three  erect  teeth.  Stamens  with  one  anther-cell  fixed  by  the  middle,  the  other 
pendulous,  smaller  or  wanting.  Capsule  loculicidal.  Seeds  usually  numerous  and 
small,  with  a  loose,  reticulated  or  pitted  testa,  the  radicle  usually  pointing  toward 
the  hiluui. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.          97 

pid,  erect,  2'-15'  high,  simple  or  branched  above,  branches  strict:  leaves 
linear-lanceolate,  entire  or  trifid ;  spike  elongated,  leafy,  somewhat  in- 
terrupted :  bracts  oblong  or  ovate,  entire  or  3-lobed,  rarely  5-lobed,  seg- 
ments acute  or  acutish ;  calyx  3"-4"  long  with  short  lanceolate,  acute 
teeth  a  little  shorter  than  the  tube ;  corolla  yellow,  pubescent,  6"  long, 
little  exceeding  the  bracts ;  capsule  3"  long,  obtuse,  many-seeded  ;  seeds 
small. — Hall  &  Harbour,  413.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  South  Park, 
Porter.  Xortli  Park,  Hay  den.  Canby.  Taylor  liiver,  Coulter. 

BHIXANTHUS  CRIST A-GALLI,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  422.    Hooves. 

PEDICULARIS  CANADENSIS,  L. — "In  the  mountains  at  middle  eleva- 
tions,17 Hall  ct-  Harbour,  416.  South  Park,  Porter.  Platte  Kiver,  Coulter. 
Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Red-field. 

PEDICULARIS  GR<EXLAXDiCA,Retz.  DC.  Prod.,  10,  p.  566.  Erect,  l°-2o 
high,  glabrous ;  stem  simple,  leafy ;  leaves  pinnateiy-parted,  segments 
lanceolate-linear,  serrate;  spikes  elongated,  3'-S'  long,  many  -flowered; 
calyx  2"-3"  long,  tubular,  5-toothed,  the  upper  tooth  smallest,  the 
lateral  ones  with  very  shallow  sinuses  ;  galea  of  the  reddish  corolla 
arched,  exceeding  the  calyx,  produced  into  an  elongated,  subulate  beak, 
twice  longer  than  the  calyx,  nearly  straight  or  more  usually  becoming 
strongly  recurved  upward  and  almost  circulate. — Hall  &  Harbour.  419 ; 
Parry ;  ('unity.  Georgetown.  Dr.  HmitJt.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Mount 
Lincoln,  at  12,000  feet  altitude.  Coulter. 

PEDICULARIS  BRACTEOSA,  Benth.  DC.  Prod.,  10,  p.  574.  Glabrous  or 
scantily  pilose  upon  the  spike;  stem  erect,  l°-2°  high,  leafy;  leaves 
pinnately-parted,  segments  lanceolate,  incisely-dentate  or  piuuatifid; 
spike  pedunculate,  elongated,  2/-8/  long,  densely  flowered  ;  the  bracts 
ovate,  acuminate  and  somewhat  membranous ;  calyx-lobes  lanceolate, 
setaceous ;  galea  of  the  yellow  corolla  slightly  incurved,  not  beaked, 
hooded  at  the  apex  and. terminating  in  an  obtuse,  somewhat  2- toothed 
projection  ;  lip  much  shorter. — Hall  t(-  Harbour,  417;  Parry. 

PEDICULARIS  RACEMOSA,  Dougl.  DC.  Prod..  10,  p.  580.  Glabrous: 
steins  numerous,  simple  or  occasionally  branched  above,  ascending,  1°- 
2°  high,  leafy ;  leaves  short-petioled,  iy-4/  long,  narrowly  lanceolate, 
doubly  serrate  with  minute  teeth;  flowers  axillary,  in  a  loose,  leafy  ra- 
ceme ;  calyx  cleft  above,  2-toothed ;  galea  of  the  ochroleucous  corolla 
arched,  beak  long,  subulate,  incurved. — "  Subalpine  ;  common  in  pine 
woods."  Hall  d-  Harbour,  414  ;  Parry.  Mount  La  Plata,  at  11.000  feet 
altitude,  and  Horse  Shoe  Mountain,  Coulter. 

PEDICULARIS  CRENULATA,  Bentli.  DC.  Prod.,  10,  p.  568.  Pubescent ; 
stems  erect,  simple  6/-12/  high  ;  leaves  all  linear-oblong,  obtuse,  doubly 
crenate,  9"-15"  long;  spikes  short,  densely  flowered;  calyx  cleft  on  the 
upper  side,  minutely  2-3- toothed;  galea  hooded,  subincurved,  2-toothed 
under  the  apex. — Ute  Pass,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Canby  . 
Horse  Shoe  Mountain  at  11.000  feet  altitude,  Coulter.  South  Park,#«7? 
<(•  Harbour,  415. 

PEDICULARIS  PARRYI,  Gr.  Kill.  Jour.  (X.  &)  3:5,  p.  250.  Very  smooth 
except  the  ciliated  bracts;  stem  6'-l°  higlj,  more  or  less  bracted:  leaves 
linear-lanceolate,  pectinate-piunatind,  petioled,  cauline  ones  small, 
segments  linear,  acute,  about  3"  long,  cartilaginous-serrate;  bracts  small, 
trifid;  flowers  numerous,  short-pedicelled,  somewhat  crowded  in  a 
narrow  spike,  l'-2'  long,  of  a  dirty  or  faded  yellow;  calyx  rneuibrana- 
ceous,  marked  with  5-strije,  at  length  subinflated,  teeth  5,  short,  lance- 
olate, very  entire,  lanulose  within  ;  galea  narrow,  apex  incurved,  gradually 
produced  into  a  longish,  emarginate  beak  which  is  somewhat  decurved. 
7  F  c 


98  SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

much  surpassing  the  lower  lip  ;  filaments  very  smooth.  —  Hall  d-  Harbour, 
420;  Parry,  251.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Mount  Lincoln,  at  12,000  feet 
altitude,  and  Western's  Pass,  Coulter. 

PEDICULARIS  SUDETICA,  Willd.  DC.  Prod.,  10,  p.  508.  Erect,  simple, 
8'-12'  high,  glabrous  except  the  spike;  lower  leaves  pinnately-parted, 
narrowly  lanceolate  in  outline;  segments  lanceolate,  subincised-serrate 
and  creiiate,  upper  ones  pinnatitid;  spike  short,  densely  hirsute-woolly; 
calyx  5-toothed,  teeth  entire  or  the  lateral  denticulate;  galea  of  the  red- 
dish-purple corolla  arcuate,  scarcely  hooded,  shortly  and  broadly  subros- 
trate,  2-toothed  under  the  apex. 

Var.  Differs  from  the  typical  form  in  the  smoother  spikes  and  the  lack 
of  teeth  on  the  tip  of  the  galea.—  Hall  &  Harbour,  421  ;  Parry,  253.  South 
Park  and  Mount  Lincoln,  Coulter. 

PEDICULARIS  PROCERA,  Gr.  Stem  l^°-3°  high,  stout  leafy,  bearing 
above  a  dense-flowered,  softly  pubescent  spike  9'-18'  long;  leaves  glab- 
rous, pinnately-parted,  segments  lanceolate,  laciniate-pinnatifid,  lobes 
serrate  or  incised,  radical  ones  1°-1J°  long;  bracts  elongated,  linear 
.from  an  ovate-lanceolate  base,  lower  ones  pectinate-piunatitid,  exceed- 
ing the  flowers;  calyx  about  equally  5-cleft,  lobes  lanceolate,  entire, 
about  half  shorter  than  the  tube;  corolla  1'  or'  more  long,  striate,  dirty 
green;  galea  hoodedatthe  apex,  not  beaked,  truncate,  2-toothed,  scarcely 
equaling  the  shortly  3-lobed,  somewhat  spreading  lip.  —  Hall  d  Harbour, 
418;  Parry,  252;  Brandegee.  Weston's  Pass,  Coulter. 


VERBENA  HAST  AT  A,  L.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

VERBENA  BRACTEOSA,  MX.  —  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter.  Colorado 
Springs,  Porter. 

VERBENA  AUBLETIA,  L.  —  Plains  near  Denver  and  Saint  Vrain  Kiver, 
Coulter. 

VERBENA  STRICTA,  Vent.  —  Common  on  the  Arkansas  at  Pueblo, 
Greene. 

LIPPIA  LANCEOLATA,  MX.  —  Purgatory  River,  7>r.  Bell.  Eastern  Colo- 
rado, Porter. 

JLABIAT.E. 

TEUCRIUM  CANADENSE,  L.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

TEUCRIUM  LACINIATUM,  Ton.  Ann.  N.  Y.  Lye.,  2,  p.  231.  Perennial; 
stern  suffrutescent,  branched,  smooth;  leaves  opposite,  lower  ones  pin- 
nately  5-parted,  sessile,  segments  linear,  rather  obtuse,  nearly  smooth, 
minutely  reticulate,  upper  ones  trifid,  cuneate  at  base;  flowers  axillary, 
solitary,  on  pedicels  about  2"  long,  large  in  proportion  to  the  plant  ; 
calyx  subcampanulate,  5-cleft,  smooth;  segments  lanceolate,  acute,  low- 
est one  2-cleftor  3-toothed;  stamens  exserted,  anthers  roundish;  nutlets 
destitute  of  longitudinal,  thickened  ribs.  —  Afterward  referred  by  Dr. 
Torrey  to  T.  Cubense,  L.,  from  which  it  is  shown  by  Dr.  Gray  to  be 
clearly  distinct.  Proe.  Amer.  Acad.,  May,  1872,  8,  p.  372.  —  Pueblo  County, 
1873,  Greene. 

MENTIIA  CANADENSIS,  L.,  var.  GLABRATA,  Benth.  —  Near  Denver,  Dr. 
Smith.  Hall  &  Harbour,  425.  Mountains  west  of  Denver,  Porter  and 
Coulter. 

LYCOPUS  SINITATUS,  Ell.     Gray  in  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  Dec.  1870,  8,  p.  280. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  99 

/,.  Kuro/Mt'nx,  L.,  vsuc.xiiUiatuft,  (Jr.  Manual,  p.  346.) — Canon  City,  If  ran- 
de(/ee. 

PYCNANTHEMUM:  LANCEOLATOi,  Pursh. — Xear  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

C-ALAMrxTHA  CLIXOPODIU:M:,  Benth. — Sierra  Madre  Range,  at  10,000 
feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

HEDEOIMA  IIISPIDA,  Pursh. — Hall  &  Harbour,  423.     (H.  hirta,  Xutt.) 

HEDEOMA DRU^IMOXDII,  Benth.  DC.  Prod.,  12, 245.  Gray  in  Proc.  Am. 
Acad.i  May,  1872,  8,  p.  367.  An nual,cinereous-puberulent  or  pubescent, 
4'-6'  high,  branched  from  the  base;  leaves  oval,  oblong,  or  the  upper 
ones  linear,  obtuse,  very  entire,  sessile  or  narrowed  at  the  base  into  a 
petiole;  whorls  few- flowered;  calyx  ovate,  tubular,  hispid,  scarcely  2- 
lipped.  teeth  all  subulate-setaceous,  conuiveut,  erect  after  flowering  and 
more  or  less  curved  upward,  lower  ones  twice  longer  than  the  upper, 
more  or  less  shorter  than  the  corolla. — Hall  &  Harbour,  424.  Purgatory 
Kiver,  Dr.  Bell.  Median. 

HEDEOMA  PIPERITA,  Benth.  Gray,  I.  c.,-  p.  306.  Cinereous-pubescent 
or  puberulent;  leaves  ovate,  obtuse,  usually  rounded  at  the  base, 
uppermost  floral  ones  sometimes  oblong,  petiolate;  whorls  loose,  few- 
many-flowered ;  calyx  oblong- tubular,  gibbous,  hirsute,  2-lipped,  upper 
lip  spreading,  with  subulate  teeth,  the  lower  with  longer,  more  setaceous 
erect  teeth,  about  equaling  the  corolla. — Bluffs  of  the  Arkansas  near 
Pueblo,  1873,  Greene. 

SAL  VIA  LANCEOLATA,  Willd.  (»V.  trichostemmoidcs,  Pursh.)  Canescently 
pubescent;  stems 3' -15'  high,  herbaceous,  ascending,  branched;  leaves 
lanceolate  or  oblong-linear,  l'-2'  long,  rather  obtuse  or  acuminate,  nar- 
rowed at  the  base  into  a  long  slender  petiole,  sparsely  and  obtusely  ser- 
rulate in  the  middle;  bracts  subulate,  a  little  longer  than  the  short 
pedicels;  raceme  simple.  2/-4/  long,  whorls  about  2-flowered,  all  remote; 
calyx  tubular,  striate,  puberulent,  enlarged  in  fruit,  inflated  at  the  base, 
teeth  acute;  corolla  blue,  a  little  longer  than  the  calyx,  and  with  it  4" 
long;  style  short-bearded. — Hall  cO  Harbour,  426.  N«ar  Denver,  7>r. 
Smith.  Plains  around  Colorado  Springs,  Porter;  Median. 

SALVIA  PITCHERI,  Torr.  DC.  Prod,  12,  p.  302.  Tomentose-pubesceut 
or  canescent:  stem  herbaceous,  lj°-2°  high,  erect,  simple  or  branching 
above;  leaves  oblong-lanceolate, ~or  linear,  acute,  subserrate,  narrowed 
at  the  base,  but  scarcely  petioled,  somewhat  tomentose  beneath,  smoother 
above;  raceme  simple,  elongated,  (6')  whorls  distant,  6-15-flowered; 
bracts  lance-linear,  much  longer  than  the  pedicels  and  often  equaling  the 
calyx;  calyx  subsessile,  tubular,  striate,  villose,  teeth  3,  broad,  obtuse ; 
corolla  twice  or  more  longer  than  the  calyx,  pubescent  on  the  outside ; 
style  bearded. — HaU  d'  Harbour,  427.  Eastern  Colorado,  Porter;  Dr. 
Smith. 

MONARDA  ARiSTATA,Xutt.  DC.  Prod.,  12,  p.  363.  Canescent,  l°high, 
with  numerous  spreading  branches;  leaves  linear  or  oblong-lanceolate, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  sharply  and  remotely  serrate,  floral  ones  and  outer 
bracts  sessile,  somewhat  colored,  tipped  with  a  long  subulate  awn ; 
whorls  many-flowered,  compact,  remote ;  calyx  striate.  pubescent,  beard- 
ed in  the  throat,  teeth  nearly  equal,  long,  subulate,  pilose,  penicillate  at 
the  apex;  tube  of  the  corolla  scarcely  longer  than  the  calyx-teeth. 
— Plains  and  base  of  the  foot-hills,  HaU&  Harbour,  428.  Colorado^Springs, 
Porter.  Near  Denver,  /?.  H.  Smith.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter.  Wet 
Mountain  Valley,  Red  field. 

MONARDA  FISTULOSA,L.     Very  common  along  streams  on  the  plains 


100  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

aud  extending  into  the  mountains.    Colorado  Springs  and  Denver,  /'or 
ter.     Canon  City,  Brandegee.     B.  H.  Smith;  Dr.  Smith. 
MONARDA  PUNCTATA,  L.—  Foot-hills  west  of  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

MONARDELLA1  ODORATISSIMA,  Beutll.      DC.  Prod.,  V2,  p.  190.      Stems 

numerous,  from  a  woody  base,  procumbent,  O'-IO'  high  ;  leaves  subses- 
sile,  oblong-lanceolate,  G"-12"  long,  very  entire,  or  with  a  few  denticu- 
lations,  acute  at  each  end;  hoary,  or  at  length  becoming  green;  heads 
of  flowers  9"  -12"  in  diameter;  outer  bracts  broadly  ovate,  very  obtuse, 
colored,  equaling  the  elongated  tubular  calyces;  lobes  of  the  rose-col- 
ored corolla  oblong-linear,  3"  long;  calyx-teeth  and  margins  of  the  bracts 
softly  villose.—  Gothic  Mountain,  August,  Coulter. 

LOPIIANTIIUS  URTiCvEFOLius,  Bentb.  DC.  Prod.,  12,  p.  368.  Gla- 
brous, erect,  i,°-4°  high  ;  leaves  cordate-ovate,  creuate  or  serrate,  green 
upon  both  sides,  obtuse  or  the  uppermost  acute,  the  floral  ones  sessile, 
ovate  and  acute;  bracts  few,  lanceolate  or  lance-linear,  shorter  than 
the  calyx;  spikes  dense,  oblong,  2/-4/  long  ;  calyx  2//-G//  long,  incurved, 
glabrous  or  puberulent,  the  throat  oblique,  the  membranous  teeth 
colored,  long-subulate-acuminate,  the  upper  ones  longest  :  corolla  pur- 
ple, short-exserted,  the  throat  slightly  inflated  and  limb  short;  stamens 
much  exserted.  —  Sierra  Madre  liange,  Coulter. 

LopHAjrmrs  AMSVTUS,  Benth.  —  Hull  iC*  Harbour,  42;).  [Mains  near 
Denver,  Coulter. 

DRACOCEPHALUM  PARVIFLORUM,  Benth.  —  Rail  ti;  Harbour,  4:>o.  Twin 
Lakes,  Coulter.  Upper  Arkansas,  Porter.  Georgetown,  I>r.  Smith. 
Canon  of  the  Arkansas,  Redfield. 

BRUNELLA  VULGAKLS,  L.     Canon  City,  Brandegee;  Redfield. 

SCUTELLARIA  RESixosA,  Torr.  DC.  Prod.,  12,  p.  427.  Minutely  glandu- 
lar pubescent  or  puberulent,  much  branched  from  the  base,  2/-12/  high  ; 
leaves  J'-l'  long,  short-petioled,  broadly  ovate,  obtuse,  entire  or  eremite, 
rounded  or  cuneate  at  base,  floral  ones  similar;  flowers  axillary,  oppo- 
site, secund,  very  variable  in  size;  corolla  blue,  2//-l/  long,  densely  vil- 
lous,  attenuate  at  base,  usually  more  than  four  times  longer  than  the 
herbaceous  calyx.  —  Hall  cf*  Harbour,  431.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 
South  Park,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Bear  Creek,  Clear  Creek 
and  Saint  Train  River,  Coulter*. 

SCUTELLARIA  G-ALERICULATA,  L.  —  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Canon 
City,  Brandegee.  Hall  &  Harbour,  432. 

STACHYS  PALUSTRLS;  L.,  var.  COEDATA  Gr.  (S.  cordata.Iii&d.)  Near 
Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Cafioo  City,  Brandegee.  Meehan.  Near  Colorado 
Springs,  Porter.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter  ;  Redfield. 


ONOSMODIUM  CAROLINIANUM,  DC.  —  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Canon 
City,  Brandegee.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

LITHOSPERMUM  ANGUSTIFOLIUM,  MX.  (Including  L.  longiflorum, 
Spreng.)  The  latter,  according  to  M.  E.  Bebb,  Am.  Nat.  7,  p.  691,  is  only 


A,  Benth.  Calyx  tubular,  often  elongated,  10-13-nerved,  5-toothed  ; 
teeth  short,  nearly  equal,  straight,  throat  naked  within  ;  corolla-tube  equaling  the 
calyx  or  slightly  exserted,  the  throat  glabrous  within;  somewhat  bilabiate,  the  upper 
lip  2-cleft,  the  lower  3-cleft,  and  the  lobes  all  oblong  or  linear,  flat  and  nearly  equal. 
Stamens  4,  somewhat  equal,  or  the  lower  ones  longer,  straight,  divergent,  and  exserted. 
Anthers  with  two  parallel  cells,  becoming  divergent  or  divaricate.  Styles  very  shortly 
•2-cleft.  Nutlets  drv. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA  X^C^LQ&^OO.       -.    -  -V»l  01 


the  spring-state  of  the  former  with  larger  flowers  and  greatly  elongated 
corolla  tubes.  —  Caiioii  City,  Brandegee.  Meehan.  Clear  Creek.  Coulter. 

LiTHOSPKR3iTDi  HiRTUM,  Lehm.  —  Xear  Denver,  Dr  Smith. 

LITHOSPERMUM  piLOSUM,  Xutt.  Watson  in  King"  >t  Rep.,  vol.  5, 
p.  238.  Stems  slender,  branched,  1°-1J°  high,  strict,  numerous  from 
a  perennial  root,  hirsute,  silicate;  leaves  broadly  linear  or  linear-oblong, 
l'-2'  long,  sub-acute,  sessile,  strigose  and  somewhat  hispid;  spikes  very 
leafy,  elongated  in  fruit;  flowers  nearly  sessile,  yellow,  <3"  long,  tube 
much  exceeding  the  linear  sepals;  calyx  5-parted,  hirsute,  lobes  un- 
equal. linear:  nutlets  \V  long,  smooth  and  shining.  —  Hall  tl*  Harbour, 
441.  Parry.  21)5.  Xear  Denver,  Dr.  Smith  ;  B.  H.  Smith.  -Bear  Creek, 
Pleasant  Park,  and  Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 

MERTENSIA.  PAXICVLATA,  Don.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee;  Parry. 

MERTEXSIA  SIBIRICA,  Don.  Gr.  Eei'.llert.  Sill.  Jour.,  (X.  &  J34,  p.  340. 
Glaucescent,  glabrous  or  subpubeseeut,  1°-5G  high;  cauliiie  leaves 
ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  or  often  oblong-lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate, 
mostly  sessile  or  very  short  petioled  ;  calyx  5-parted,  the  lobes  oblong  or 
oblong-linear,  ciliate,  obtuse,  2-4  times  shorter  than  the  corolla-tube, 
Avhich  is  sparingly  hairy  or  nearly  glabrous  within  ;  corolla  4"-6"  in 
length,  limb  5-cleft,  more  than  half  longer  than  the  tube  ;  filaments  di- 
lated, shorter  than  the  anthers.  —  Hall  i(-  Harbour,  442.  Chicago  Lakes, 
at  11.000  feet  altitude.  Coulter.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Twin 
Lakes,  Porter.  J>r  Smith.  Banks  of  mountain-streams  ;  variable. 

MERTEXSIA  ALPIXA,  Don.  </>•.  Rev.  1.  c.,  p.  340.  Glabrous  or  hirsute, 
6//_12/'  high  :  leaves  spatulate-oblong,  lanceolate  or  the  uppermost  oblong- 
ovate.  rather  small  and  mostly  acute  ;  calyx-segments  ovate  or  oblong- 
lanceolate  and  obtusish  or  linear-lanceolate  and  acute,  ciliate,  a  little 
shorter  than  the  corolla-tube  which  equals  the  limb  and  is  usually  hairy 
within:  anthers  inserted  in  the  throat.  —  Common  on  the  plains  and  in  the 
mountains,  and  very  variable.  Hall  cO  Harbour,  444  and  445.  Colorado 
Springs  and  South  Park,  Porter.  Canon  City  and  AVet  Mountain  Valley, 
Brandegee.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith  and  B.  H.  Smith.  Canbu.  Horse 
Shoe  Mountain,  at  11,000  feet  altitude.  Gray's  Peak,  at  12,000  feet, 
Mount  Lincoln,  at  lo.OOO  feet,  and  Clear  Creek  Canon,  at  0.000  feet, 
Coulter. 

MBRTEXSIA  BREVISTYLA,  Watson.  Kimj*  Rep.,  vol.  5,  p.  239.  t. 
23.  Low,  4/-10/  high,  pubescent  with  short,  appressed.  rigid  hairs,  the 
lower  surface  of  the  leaves  excepted;  leaves  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate 
or  oblanceolate,  very  obtuse;  flowers  in  a  loose  panicle;  calyx  deeply  5- 
cleft  or  5-parted,  very  hirsute,  lobes  oblong  or  ovate-lanceolate,  usually 
acute  ;  corolla-tube  short,  but  little  exceeding  the  calyx  and  rarely  as 
long  as  the  deep  blue  limb;  anthers  inserted  near  the  base  of  the  tube 
and  included  within  it;  style  very  short.  —  Hall  i(-  Harbour,  443. 

ERiTRicimni1  YILLOSOI,  DC.  Prodr..  10,  p.  126.     Stems  3f-V  high, 


M,  Schr;i(l.  Calyx  5-parttMl.  Corolla  salvcrform,  the  throat  closed  l>y 
small  obtuse  scales.  Stamens  and  style  included.  Nutlets  4.  attached  laterally,  (usii- 
ally  near  the  base)  the  surface  of  insertion  very  narrow,  imperforate  at  base,  ilat  (or 
convex)  anteriorly,  the  angles  smooth  or  rarely  creuate.—  Mostly  annual,  with  entire 
Ami  commonly  alternate  leaves,  the  usually  very  small  blue  or  white  flowers  in  lateral 
or  axillary  spieate  racemes.  DiHering-  from  3£yo9oti»  in  the  quiucuncial  aestivation 
of  the  corolla  and  the  more  or  less  lateral  insertion  of  the  nutlets,  which  are  also  usu- 
ally rngo.se  or  granulate  upon  the  back,  and  from  EcJiinnapennnm  in  the  attachment  of 
the  nutlets  (in  most  cases)  not  extending  above  the  middle  of  the  style,  the  nutlets  not 
dilated  below,  prickles  rare  and  not  barbed,  and  the  attachment  (if  the  seed  ventral 
and  not  at  the  apex.  —  ])<'.  Prodr. 


FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

loosely  branched  from  the  base  and  caespitose,  rooting  below,  the  flower- 
ing shoots  elongated,  leafy,  erect,  pubescent;  leaves  elliptic-oblong, 
acute,  sparingly  villous  with  long  silky  hairs;  racemes  in  pairs,  erect, 
several-flowered,  bracteate  at  base;  nutlets  with  indexed,  ciliate  teeth 
on  the  margins. 

Var.  ARETIOLDES,  Hook.  Densely  c;espitose,  3" -2'  high,  covered  with 
soft  silky  hairs;  leaves  densely  imbricated  below,  elliptical-lanceolate, 
acute;  racemes  few-flowered,  short-exserted ;  tube  of  the  corolla  scarcely 
exceeding  the  calyx,  limb  bright  blue,  l"-3"  in  diameter;  nutlets  nearly 
V  in  length,  concave  on  the  back,  the  toothed  margin  conspicuous. — 
High  alpine.  Hall  &  Harbour,  440;  Parry,  278.  James' Peak,  at  12,000 
feet  altitude,  Chicago  Lakes,  at  13,000  feet,  and  Mount  Lincoln,  at  14,000 
feet,  Coulter.  Saugre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Hrandegee.  Median.  Gray's  Peak, 
at  12-13,000  feet  altitude,  RedfieM. 

ERITRICHIUM  ANGUSTIFOLIUM,  Ton-.,  Pacif.  E.  R.  #wr.,  5,  p.  363. 
Annual,  very  hispid,  with  spreading  hairs;  stem  3'-!°  high,  suberect, 
widely  branched;  leaves  linear;  racemes  terminating  the  branches, 
usually  forked  and  at  length  elongated;  flowers  sessile,  bractless;  calyx 
2^-3"  long  in  fruit,  very  hispid  with  yellowish  hairs,  lobes  lanceolate- 
linear ;  corolla  white,  C^-1277  long,  falling  early ;  stamens  inserted  near 
the  base  on  very  short  filaments;  nutlets  1-4,  oblong,  acute,  V  long, 
convex  and  minutely  papillose  on  the  back,  attached  to  the  style  to  the 
middle  by  a  ventral  groove. — Near  Denver  and  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

ERITRICHIUM  CRASSISEPALUM,  T.  &  G.  Pacif.  R.  R.  Sum\,  2,  p.  171. 
Annual,  very  hispid,  with  spreading  hairs;  stem  much  branched  from 
the  base,  branches  ascending,  3'-o'  high;  leaves  obovate-lauceolate, 
rather  obtuse;  racemes  bracteate  except  the  upper  portion;  fructiferous 
calyx  ventricose  at  base,  closed  and  contracted  above  the  middle,  the 
segments  thickened  and  indurated  on  the  back,  finely  pilose  on  the  mar- 
gins, with  large,  strong,  hispid  hairs  on  the  back ;  nutlets  heteromor- 
phous,  ovate,  convex  on  the  back,  3  of  them  muriculate-granulate,  the 
4th  larger  and  nearly  or  quite  glabrous. — Hall  &  Harbour.  434.  Denver 
and  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegce. 

ERITRICHIUM  GLOMERATUM,  DC.,  Prod.  10,  p.  131.  Perennial  or  bien- 
nial; stem  simple,  erect,  6'-lS'  high,  usually  solitary  and  rather  stout 
and  rigid,  very  hirsute  with  spreading  hairs,  leafy  especially  at  base : 
leaves  2'-4'  long,  alternate,  oblong  or  linear-spatulate  or  ol lanceolate, 
sub  acute,  hirsute  and  usually  more  or  less  appressed,  pubescent ;  spike- 
lets  5-9  flowered,  lateral  axillary,  clustered,  more  or  less  peduncled,  and 
usually  bifurcated,  and  the  upper  ones  sessile ;  flowers  2//-4//  long, 
nearly  sessile ;  calyx  very  hispid,  5-parted,  the  linear-lanceolate  lobes 
equaling  the  corolla-tube,  much  enlarged  in  fruit;  limb  of  the  white  co- 
rolla broad  and  expanded,  truncated  scales  of  the  throat  conspicuous ; 
nutlets  large,  1J"  long,  ovate  and  narrowed  above,  but  obtuse,  more  or 
less  rugose  and  tuberculated  on  the  back,  which  is  surrounded  by  an 
acute,  slightly  raised  margin,  sulcate  ventrally  and  attached  to  the 
elongated  style  to  the  middle. — Hall  &  Harbour,  438  in  part.  Colorado 
Springs,  Porter. 

Yar.  VIRGATUM,  Porter,  (E.  virgatum,  Porter,  Haydeti's  Rep.,  1870,  p. 
479.)  Stout ;  stein  erect,  2°-3°  high,  very  hispid ;  inflorescence  much 
elongated,  virgate,  spike-like,  l°-2°  in  length;  cymes  many,  conglomer- 
ated, few-flowered,  lower  ones  short-peduncled,  upper  ones  sessile,  very 
much  shorter  than  the  long,  spreading,  bracteal  leaves,  which  become 
narrowly  linear  above. — This  variety  is  very  common  on  the  plains  at 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  103 

tlie  base  of  the  mountains  and  among  the  foot-hills. — Colorado  Springs, 
Monument  Park,  and  Ute  Pass,  Porter.    Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 

ERITRICHIIDI  JAMESII,  Torr.,  (Jlyosotis  suffruticosa,  Torr.  in  Ann. 
X.  Y.  Lye.  2,  p.  225.)  Hirsute,  much  branched  from  a  suffruticose  base ; 
branches  G'-IO'  high;  leaves  linear-lanceolate,  tapering  to  the  base,  l'-2' 
long;  spikes  terminal,  numerous;  flowers  on  very  short  pedicels;  calyx 
campanulate,  at  first  scarcely  longer  than  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  but  in 
fruit  elongated  and  closed,  segments  ovate ;  corolla  ochroleucous,  tube 
shorter  than  the  calyx-teeth,  spreading  limb  2//-3//  wide,  lobes  very  ob- 
tuse; nutlets  4,  similar,  depressed,  conniving  at  the  top,  but  separated 
at  the  sides,  very  convex  and  smooth  on  the  back,  shining,  edges  very- 
acute,  ventral  suture  adhering  to  the  style  above  the  middle. — Hall  & 
Harbour,  435.  Plains  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs,  Por- 
ter. Canon  City,  Brandcyce.  Meelian.  Plains  of  the  Platte.  Coulter. 

KmixospERMOi  DEFLEXUM, Lehm.,  var.,  FLORIBUKDUM,  Watson.  (E. 
floribundum,  Lehm.)  Biennial ;  stem  erect,  2°-4°  high, fistulous,  branched 
villous  with  spreading  hairs  ;  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acuter 
ciliate  at  base,  hirsute-pubescent ;  racemes  erect,  spreading,  bifid,  brae- 
teolate,  with  deflexed  pedicels ;  calyx-lobes  ovate,  shorter  than  the  bluish 
or  white  corolla;  nutlets  compressed,  with  a  single  marginal  row  of 
barbed  prickles  which  are  connate  at  ba.se,  the  dorsal  surface  granulate 
or  shortly  pilose  or  nearly  smooth.  Xear  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Plains  of 
the  Platte,  Coulter.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Colorado  Springs, 
Porter.  B.  H.  Smith. 

Einirrvi  Ki:D;>\vsKii,Leh]ii. — Xear  Denver,  Dr.  Smith  ;  B.H. 
Canon    City,    Bmndegee.     Abundant   on   the   plains,   Porter; 
Coulter. 

HELIOTEOPIOI  C  UK  ASS  A  vie  or,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  192. 

HELIOTR  OPIUM  COXVOLVULACELTI,  Gr.  Canesceut  with  appressecl 
scabrous  pubescence,  branching  from  a  suffrutesceiit  base,  brandies 
weak  and  spreading,  G'-9'  high ;  leaves  ovate  and  lance-ovate,  9"-!' 
long,  ciliate  on  the  margins,  petioles  short,  about  3"  long;  flowers 
scattered  along  the  leafy  branches,  short-peduncled ;  calyx-lobes  subu- 
late; corolla  salver-form,  tube  3"-4"  in  length,  narrow,  spreading  limb 
G"-9"  long,  somewhat  5-angled,  throat  naked ;  nutlets  4,  approximate 
in  pairs,  angled,  oblique,  hairy,  aduate  to  the  style. — Hall  tl*  Harbour, 
436. 

IIYDROPHYLLACE.E. 

HYDUOPHYLLTM  VIRGIXICTM,  L.  Mountains  west  of  Denver,  Dr. 
Smith.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  ClearCreek  Canon  at  9.000  feet  altitude, 
Coulter  ;  Redfleld. 

ELLISIA  XYCTELEA,  L.— Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

PIIACELIA  CIRCIXATA,  Jacq.  DC.  Prod.  9,  p.  298.  Perennial,  hispid: 
stems  erect  or  ascending,  G'-20'  high,  branching  or  subsimple ;  leaves 
petioled,  1/-3'  long,  simple  or  pinnate,  the  3-5  leaflets  distinct  or  the 
uppermost  confluent,  terminal  one  much  larger,  ovate  to  narrow-lance- 
olate, acute,  entire,  or  obscurely  serrulate,  usually  strongly  nerved,  on 
the  upper  side  the  appressed  strigose  hairs  between  the  nerves,  on  the 
lower  side  chiefly  upon  the  nerves :  racemes  densely  many-flowered, 
strongly  circmate;  calyx-lobes  oblong  or  linear,  erect,  acute:  corolla 
blue  or  nearly  white,  2//-3//  long,  somewhat  exceeding  the  calyx  ; 
stamens  exserted  :  filaments  hairy  :  capsule  2"  long,  very  hispid  with 


104         SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

erect  hairs,  shorter  than  the  calyx;  seeds  often  solitary,  deeply  pitted. 
—Hall  <G  Harbour,  430.  Georgetown,  Dr.  ftmith.  Denver,  Porter.  Plains 
of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

PIIACELIA  INTEGKBIFOLIA,  Torr.  DC.  Prod.,  9,  p.  290.  Annual,  erect, 
±'-15'  high,  branching  above  and  sometimes  at  the  base,  viscidly  glandu- 
lar pubescent ;  leaves  l'-2'  long,  varying  from  oblong  to  ovate,  cordate 
or  truncate  at  base,  simple  or  crenately-dentate  or  donbly  serrate,  or 
sometimes  more  or  less  deeply  pinnatifid,  and  the  segments  often 
toothed,  the  upper  at  times  nearly  sessile ;  sepals  ovate,  ciliate-hispid 
and  glandular ;  corolla -segments  oblong,  the  appendages  short  and  en- 
circling the  base  of  the  filaments;  stamens  exserted,  naked;  style 
united  to  the  middle;  ovary  oblong,  hairy;  capsule  globose,  minutely 
pubescent  and  glandular,  equaling  or  slightly  exceeding  the  calyx ;  seeds 
4,  minutely  warted  on  the  back  and  transversely  ridged  on  the  face. 
— Southeastern  Colorado.  F.  IL  Diffenderffer. 

PHACELIA  POPEI,  Torr.  &  Gr.Pacif.  R.  R.  Surv.  2,  p.  172,  t.  10.  Vis- 
cidly pubescent,  hispidulous  with  spreading  hairs;  stems  4'-l°  high, 
branching  from  a  biennial  root ;  leaves  bipiimately  parted  or  pinnately 
cut,  2/-4/  long,  segments  pinnatifid,  3y/-10/7  long,  or  the  lower  ones  re- 
duced in  size,  lobes  5-9,  short,  obtuse;  spikes  corymbose,  densely- 
flowered  ;  segments  of  the  calyx  spatulate,  about  half  the  length  of  the 
white  campanulate  corolla  and  a  little  longer  than  the  globose  capsule  ; 
stamens  at  length  much  exserted  ;  filaments  naked  ;  seeds  4,  oval,  with 
the  inner  face  strongly  bilunate,  the  central  keel  veiy  prominent,  pitted, 
1J"  long. — Hall  &  Harbour,  440.  Xear  Denver,  Coulter.  Gray's  Peak, 
Dr.  Smith. 

PHACELIA  TANACETIFOLIA,  Benth.  DC.  Prod.  9,}).  200.  Annual,  3'-2- 
high,  suberect ;  branches  lax  and  slender,  more  or  less  scabrous-pubes- 
cent, or  the  stem  and  branches  glabrate ;  leaves  variable,  2/-6/  long, 
1-2-pinnatifid,  the  3-7  pairs  of  segments  oblong  and  incised  dentate  : 
calyx-lobes  linear  or  lanceolate,  usually  dilated  and  foliaceous  above, 
very  pilose,  especially  on  the  margins ;  corolla  campanulate,  3"  long, 
scarcely  exceeding  the  calyx,  the  appendages  small,  and  encircling  the 
filaments ;  style  hairy  at  base,  bifurcate  to  below  the  middle ;  ovary 
hairy,  4-ovuled ;  capsule  2"  long,  ovate,  acute,  pubescent ;  seeds  li" 
long,  pitted. — Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  South  Park,  Coulter. 

PHACELIA  NEO-MEXICANA,  Thurber.,  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.  Surr.,  p.  143. 
Stem. erect,  l°-2°  high,  hispidly-pilose  and  viscidly-pubescent ;  leaves 
pinnatisect,  3/-4/  long,  thin,  the  segments  rather  distant  and  unequal, 
about  I'  long,  incised-dentate,  lobes  ovate,  subdentate,  mostly  obtuse ; 
racemes  spike-form,  densely-  flowered,  corymbose ;  flowers  subsessile : 
calyx  not  enlarged  in  fruit,  lobes  oblong  f  corolla  scarce  twice  longer 
than  the  calyx,  small,  campauulate,  margin  minutely  erose  dentate  : 
stamens  scarcely  exserted;  filaments  smooth  ;  style  cleft  to  the  middle, 
hairy  beloAv  ;  capsule  globose-ovate,  3"  long  ;  seeds  very  minutely  pitted! 
nearly  3"  in  length.— Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter.  Garden  of  the  Gods, 
Porter. 

PIIACELIA  SERICEA,  Gr.  (Eutocasericea,  Grah.7>(7.  Protf.,9,p.  204.) 
Perennial,  canescent  with  a  somewhat  silky  pubescence  appressed  upon 
the  leaves;  steins  G'-2°  high,  rather  stout,  simple,  terminating  in  a  nar- 
row, compound  raceme;  leaves  mostly  oblong,  2/-3/  long,  incised-pin- 
natifid,  segments  coarsely  cut  or  entire,  petioles  hispid-ciliate;  racemes 
mostly  short-peduncled,  \-\J  long  in  fruit,  forming  a  compound  raceme, 
3/-12/  in  length;  calyx-lobes  linear,  exceeding  the  pedicels,  shorter 
than  the  corolla  which  is  3"  long,  campanulate,  blue  or  rarely  white, 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         105 

persis.eut,  the  appendages  conspicuous,  nearly  as  long  as  the  tube  and 
distinct  from  the  filaments;  stamens  3  times  longer  than  the  corolla,  the 
anthers  small  and  roundish;  style  bifid  at  the  apex;  capsule  pubescent, 
ovate-oblong,  acute,  3"  long,  about  16-seeded;  seeds  pitted. — Hall  it* 
Harbour,  447.  Sangre  de  Cristo  Kange,  Brandegee.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr. 
Smith.  Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter;  Red  field. 

XAMA1  DicnoTOMA,  Ruiz  &  Pav.  Gray  in  Proc.  Am.  Acad.,  8,  p.  283. 
More  or  less  viscously  pubescent :  corolla  not,  or  but  little,  surpassing 
the  leaves  ;  capsule  ovate  or  short-oblong  ;  seeds  strongly  rugose-pitted, 
i"-4"  long,  oval-oblong. 

Var.  ANGUSTIFOLIA,  Gray.  /.  c.,  ]).  L'84.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate. — S. 
Colorado,  Hayden  ;  Hoopcx. 

POL.E3ION1ACE/E. 

PHLOX  CANESCENfc,  T.  &  G.  Or.  Rev.  Polemon,  Proc.  Amer.  Acacl.,  Dec., 
1870,  v.8,  p.  253.  Dwarf  and  matted-erespitose,  with  a  woody,  perennial, 
much-branched  base  which  is  usually  covered  with  the  dead  leaves  of 
previous  seasons ;  the  branchlets  densely  leafy  up  to  the  solitary,  sessile 
flowers,  woolly-caneseent;  leaves  3"-4"  long,  evergreen,  rigid,  subulate, 
more  or  less  acerose,  scarious-connate  at  base,  usually  strongly  revolute 
on  the  margin,  soon  spreading  or  somewhat  squarrose-recurved  from  the 
appressed  base;  tube  of  the  white  corolla  exceeding  the  calyx,  the  ob- 
ovate  lobes  entire  or  emargiuate,  3"-4"  long;  ovules  solitary. — Canon 
City,  Brandegee. 

PHLOX  O^ESPITOSA,  Nutt.  Or.  Rev.  I.  c.,  253.  Dwarf,  densely  or  rather 
loosely  caespitose:  leaves  rigid,  linear-subulate,  or  oblong-linear,  4"-6" 
long,  pungent,  hispid  on  the  thickened,  somewhat  revolute  margins, 
otherwise  smooth  or  sparingly  glandular;  corolla-tube  more  or  less  ex- 
ceeding the  calyx,  lobes  obovate,  entire,  3"  long. 

Yar.  CONDENSATA,  Gr.  Densely  crespitose,  iy~2'  high ;  leaves  short, 
2//-3//  long,  very  closely  crowded,  erect,  imbricated. — Gray's  Peak,  at 
13,000  feet i  altitude,  Coulter.  Hall  &  Harbour ;  Parry. 

PHLOX  DOUGLASII,  Hook.  Gr.  Rer.  I.  c.,  254.  Crespitose,  very  much 
branched,  pubescent  or  smoothish;  leaves  rather  rigid,  acerose,  usually 
spreading,  less  crowded;  margins  naked  or  somewhat  hirsute-ciliate  at 
base;  flowers  subsessile;  corolla  purple  or  white,  tube  exceeding  the 
calyx,  lobes  obovate,  entire,  3"  long. — Hall  iO  Harbour.  453. 

PHLOX  LCXNGIFOLIA,  Xutt.  Gr.  Rer.  I.  c..  255.  Perennial,  woody  only 
at  the  base,  glabrous  or  pubescent;  steins  erector  ascending;  leaves 
slightly  rigid,  not  fascicled,  linear  or  very  narrowly  linear,  sometimes 
lanceolate,  1/-3'  long ;  flowers  solitary  or  subcymose,  loug-peduncled; 
corolla  white  or  pink,  tube  longer  than  the  narrow,  subulate  calyx-teeth; 
style  elongated  and  often  equaling  the  tube. — Xear  Long's  Peak, 
Coulter.  Sangre  de  Cristo  llange,  .ttrandegee. 

CoLLcmiA2  LIXEARIS,  Xutt.     Gr.  Rci\  I.  c..  259.     Annual,  more  or  less 

1XAMA,  L.  Calyx  5  sepalcd.  persistent.  Corolla  tuVmlar-fmmelfovm.  Stamens  sub- 
included.  Styles  '>.  A\ith  rather  obtuse  stigmas.  Capsuls  2-L-elled.  locnlicidal,  the 
septum  bearing  t^o  laminar  phicenta1  projectiii"1  into  each  cell  from  the  axis,  -svhicli 
are  at  rirst  united,  at  length  free. — Low,  annual  branching  herbs,  perennial  or  some- 
what woody  nt  the  base,  variously  pubescent,  with  alternate  or  rarely  opposite  entire 
leaves,  and  axillary  and  tei  iiiinal  Mowers. — Choisy,  DC.  Prod,  10,  p.  182. 

2C1OLLOMiA,  Xutt.  Corolla  tubular-fuimel-forui  or  salver-form,  with  a  more  or  less 
dilated  throat.  Filaments  slender,  unequally  inserted,  usually  protruded.  Ovules 
solitary,  few  or  many  in  each  cell.  Seed-coat  developing  mucilage  and  projecting  spiral 
threads  (spiricles)  when  wetted,  (except  in  C.  r//v<e*7/#.) — Annuals  or  semi-biennials, 
with  alternate  leaves,  which  are  usually  pinnately  incised  or  divided,  and  with  clus- 
tered or  sometimes  scattered  flowers. 


106         SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

viscid- pubescent,  becoming-  glabrate below,  glandular  above;  .stems  erect, 
simple  or  brandling,  6' -IS1  high;  leaves  sessile,  lanceolate,  very  entire; 
heads  crowded;  lobes  of  the  calyx  triangular-lanceolate,  acute;  corolla, 
light  blue  or  nearly  white,  6"  long,  slender,  but  little  enlarged  at  the 
throat,  the  limb  small;  ovules  solitary;  seeds  with  very  numerous  spi- 
racles.— Hall  &  Harbour,  404.  Canon  City,  Kramle-gee.  Monument  Park 
and  plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

COLLOMIA  GrRACiLis,  Dougl.  Gr.  Rev.  I.  c.,  259.  Annual,  viscid-pubes- 
cent, at  length  much  branched  and  spreading,  2'-6/  high;  leaves  sessile, 
lanceolate  or  linear  or  the  lowest  oval  or  obovate,  entire;  flowers  rather 
loosely  cymose  or  scattered;  calyx  rounded  at  the  base  and  nearly 
5-parted,  with  linear-subulate  segments  ^corolla  5"  long,  purple  or  violet, 
nearly  salver-form,  the  narrow  tube  yellowish  and  seldom  exceeding  the 
calyx;  seeds  without  spiracles. — Hall  d*  Harbour.  403.  Plains  near  Den- 
ver, Coulter. 

COLLOMIA LONGiFLOHA,  Gr.  Gr.  Rev.  1.  e.,  261.  Annual,  very  smooth, 
erect,  6'-2°  high,  much  branched,  panicnlately  ramose,  loosely  flowered; 
peduncles  1-flowered,  generally  slender,  subcorymbose ;  leaves  apiculate, 
piunately  3-7-parted,  segments  linear  or  almost  filiform;  lobes  of  the 
calyx  shorter  than  the  tube,  subulate;  corolla  white,  salver- form,  tube 
very  long,  JV-18",  not  widened  above,  lobes  orbicular  or  ovate,  some- 
times apiculate  at  the  apex;  filaments  included,  sometimes 2-3 unequally 
inserted  at  the  throat;  anthers  oblong,  cells  about  10-12-ovuled. — On  the 
plains  around  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canon 
City,  Brandegce. 

GiLiA1  NUDICAULLS,  Gr.  Gr.  Rei\  I  c.,266.  Annual,  very  glabrous, 
l'-4'  high;  stem  leafless  from  the  cotyledons  to  the  capitate  inflorescence 
which  is  subtended  by  an  involucre  of  several  ovate-lanceolate  or  lanceo- 
late, sessile,  entire,  foliaceous  bracts,  from  whose  axils  sometimes  1  or  2 
smaller  heads  are  produced  on  short  peduncles;  corolla  white,  pink  or 
yellow,  salver-form,  tube  2//-3//  long,  slender,  exceeding  the  calyx,  the 
cuneate  lobes  l"-2"  long,  somewhat  undulate-toothed  or  decidedly  1-3 
dentate  at  the  broad  apex;  anthers  sessile  in  the  someAvhat  dilated 
throat,  short,  included;  ovaries  numerous. — South  Park.  Hall. 

GILIA  XUTTALLII,  Gr.  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  267.  Puberuleiit;  stems  nu- 
merous from  a  perennial  woody  base,  slender,  simple  or  loosely  branched, 
8/-12/  high ;  leaves  opposite,  mostly  shorter  than  the  internodes,  pal- 
mately-parted  into  3-7  narrow-linear,  mucronate  or  acerose  segments, 
G'M)"  long ;  flowers  crowded  into  a  leafy  cluster ;  corolla  white  with  a 
yellow  throat,  fragrant,  salver-form,  with  a  short  dilated  funnel- form 
throat,  the  tube  puberuleiit,  scarce  exceeding  the  narrow  calyx :  fila- 
ments short,  inserted  in  the  throat,  scarcely  exserted  ;  anthers  ovate-ob- 
long; cells  2-ovuled.  Figured  by  Watson,  King's,  Rep.,  vol.  .">.  PL 
25. — Near  Mount  Lincoln,  Coulter. 

GILIA  PUNGENS,  Beuth.  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.,  268.  Viscid-pubescent,  puber- 
tilent  or  glabrate,  much  branched  from  woody  stems  ;  leaves  alternate, 
short,  erect  or  a  little  spreading,  rigid,  fascicled  in  the  axils,  palmately 
3-7-parted,  segments  entire  and  with  the  calyx-lobes  acerose  or  subulate 
and  pungent ;  flowers  solitary  or  few  in  a  terminal  cluster ;  corolla  pink, 
white  or  yellow,  salver-form,  tube  at  length  longer  than  the  calyx,  the 

JGiLiA,  Ruiz.  &  Pav.  Corolla  from  salver- form  or  funnel-form  to  compannlate  or 
rotate.  Stamens  equally  inserted  in  or  below  the  throat  or  sinuses  of  the  corolla  and 
mostly  equal;  filaments  not  declined,  naked  (rarely  pubescent)  at  the  base.  Ovules 
sometimes  solitary,  commonly  few  or  many  in  each  cell.  Seed-coat  (with  few  excep- 
tions) developing  mucilage  or  spiracles  when  wetted. — Herbs,  or  in  a-few  cases.  siillrn- 
Ticose;  leaves,  &c.,  various. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         107 

wedge-obovate  lobes  2"-4/' loiig ;  anthers  in  the  some wh at  funnel-form 
throat  oblong,  cells  8-10  ovuled;  seed-coat  close,  without  mucilage  or 
spiracles. — Hall  &  Harbour,  463.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Upper  Ar- 
kansas, Porter.  E.  H.  Smith.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Twin  Lakes, 
Coulter. 

GILIA  MINIMA,  Gr.  Or.  Rev.  1.  c.,  269.  Low,  J'-l'  high,  simple  or 
branched,  smoothish  ;  leaves  pimiately  divided  with  the  acerose,  spines- 
cent  segments  widely  divaricate ;  bracts  densely  crowded,  almost  hiding 
the  small  white  flowers,  nearly  glabrous  ;  calyx  slightly  hairy  in  the 
sinuses,  teeth  unequal,  entire  or  two  of  them  somewhat  divided ;  corolla 
li"  long,  about  equaling  the  calyx  tube ;  stamens  shorter  than  the  cor- 
olla-lobes ;  cells  1-3  ovuled,  1-seeded. — Colorado,  Vasey. 

GLLIA  SPICATA,  Nutt.  Gr.  Rev.  1.  c.7  273.  Perennial ;  stem  stout,  erect, 
4'-10'  high,  bearing  many  heads  crowded  in  a  long  virgate  interrupted 
leafy  spike,  densely  woolly-tomentose ;  leaves  trifld  or  very  entire, 
scarcely  pointed,  alternate,  becoming  smooth;  lobes  of  the.  corolla  ob- 
long-ovate,  shorter"  than  the  more  or  less  exserted  tube ;  anthers  sub- 
sessile  in  the  throat,  cells  4-6-ovuled. — Hall  &  Harbour,  400.  Northern 
Colorado,  Hayden. 

Yar.  CAPITATA,  Gr.  Smaller;  leaves verv  entire;  flowers  in  a  single 
terminal  head.  Hall  iFHarbour,  461.  Weston's  Pass,  at  11-12,000  feet 
altitude,  Coulter. 

GILIA  COXGESTA,  Hook.  Gr.  Rev.  I.  c.,  274.  Perennial,  more  or  1»  >s 
woolly-pubescent,  bearing  single,  terminal  or  few  corymbose  and  close 
heads;  stems  3'-12'  high;  leaves  very  entire  or  3-7  pinnately-parted, 
with  3-7  narrowly-linear  segments,  divisions  aristulate-mucronate;  co- 
rolla salver-form,  white,  the  tube  about  equaling  the  oval  lobes,  not  ex- 
ceeding the  usually  awned  calyx-segments;  filaments  inserted  in  the 
sinuses,  equaling  or  exceeding  the  anthers ;  cells  2-4-ovuled. — South 
Park,  Canby.  Gray's  Peak,  B.  H.  Smith.  Hoopes. 

GILIA  AGGREGATA,  Spreng.  Gr.  Rev.  I.  c.,  275.  Biennial,  more  or 
less  pubescent;  stems  l°-4°  high,  less  leafy  above  and  loosely  branch- 
ing; leaves  alternate,  pinnately-parted,  with  linear,  mucronulate-apicu- 
late  segments  ;  panicle  contracted  in  to  a  virgate  spike  or  loose  with  open 
branches ;  calyx  usually  glandular,  lobes  subulate ;  corolla  deep  scarlet, 
varying  to  light  pink  or  even  white  or  variegated  and  spotted,  tubular- 
funnel-form,  6"-20"  long,  with  ovate  or  lanceolate-acute,  widely  spread- 
ing or  soon  recurved  lobes ;  filaments  either  exserted  or  included ; 
anthers  oval  or  short-oblong;  ovules  numerous;  seeds  mucilaginous  and 
spiraliferous. — Very  common  on  the  plains  on  dry  slopes  and  among  the 
foot-hills  up  to  an  elevation  of  9,000  feet. — Hall  &  Harbour  459;  Parry  ; 
Dr.  Smith;  B.H.  Smith;  Canby.  North  Park,  Hayden.  Porter;  Coulter. 

GILIA  PIXNATIFLDA,  Nirtt.  Gr.  Rev.  I.  c.,  276.  Minutely  viscid-glan- 
dular, especially  above ;  stem  6' '-2°  high ;  leaves  pinnately-piimatifid, 
narrowly  lanceolate  in  outline,  lobes  uniform,  oblong,  3"  long,  curved 
upward,  apiculate,  rarely  cleft ;  panicle  ample,  thyrsoid  or  sometimes 
widely  spreading  and  corymbose  ;  bracts  linear  or  subulate,  few  ;  corolla 
salver-form,  white  or  bluish,  tube  about  twice  longer  than  the  calyx,  a 
little  longer  than  its  obovate  lobes ;  filaments  inserted  beneath  the  sinu- 
ses, much  exserted  ;  anthers  ovate ;  cells  6-8  ovuled  ;  seeds  neither  mu- 
cilaginous nor  spiraliferous. — Hall  &  Harbour,  456.  South  Park,  Canby. 
Common  on  the  plains  around  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs, 
Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  B.  H.  Smith.  Pleasunt  Park  and  La 
Plata  Mountain,  at  11,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 


108         SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

GILIA  INCONSPICUA,  Dougl.  Gr.  Rev.  I.  c.,  278.  Annual,  erect,  4'-li>/ 
high,  glabrate  or  viscid-glandular  and  pubescent,  branched  and  loosely 
panicled;  leaves  alternate,  the  lower  1-2  pinnatifid  or  pinnate-toothed; 
flowers  scattered,  on  slender  pedicels,  purple  or  blue,  rarely  white,  3"-5" 
long,  funnel-form,  with  the  throat  more  or  less  dilated,  2-3  times  the 
length  of  the  calyx,  the  tube  little  or  not  at  all  exserted,  the  lobes  ovate 
or  obovate,  mostly  exceeding  the  stamens;  filaments  slender;  cells 
many  ovuled ;  verv  variable. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Hall  &  Harbour, 
457." 

POLEMONIUM  CONFERTUM,  Gr.  Or.  Rev.  I.  c.,  280.  Perennial,  G'-8' 
high,  glandular- viscid  and  musk-scented,  woolly-pubescent  above ;  leaf- 
lets very  numerous,  small,  V-A"  long,  mostly  as  if  wh  oiled  or  fascicled, 
being  2-5  divided  and  sessile,  segments  either  broadly  oval  or  linear- 
oblong;  flowers  capitate-crowded,  at  length  raceinose-spicate,  some- 
what nodding,  honey-scented ;  lobes  of  the  calyx  narrow,  twice  shorter 
than  the  cylindrical  or  oblong  tube ;  corolla  8//-12//  long,  blue,  the  nar- 
row funnel-form  tube  longer  than  the  calyx  and  2-3  times  longer  than 
its  rounded  lobes ;  filaments  barely  hairy  and  scarcely  dilated  at  base. 
— Hall  &  Harbour,  450  and  451.  Gray's  Peak,  at  12,000  feet  altitude  and 
Horse  Shoe  Mountain,  at  11,000  feet,  Coulter.  B.  If.  Smith ;  'Red-field. 

Var.  MELLITUM,  Gr.  Laxer  in  leaflets  and  inflorescence,  with  a  pale 
or  whitish  corolla  V  long,  the  lobes  one-fourth  the  length  of  the  narrow 
tubes.  Alpine,  2/-3/  high. — Hall  &  Harbour.  Sangre  do  Cristo  Range, 
Brandegee. 

POLEMONIUM  YISCOSUM,  Nutt.  Gr.  Rev.  I.  c.,  280.  Low,  3'-4'  high, 
pubescent  and  very  viscid-glandular;  leaflets  very  entire,,  ovate  or 
rounded ;  flowers  subcorymbose;  calyx  subcampanulate,  lobes  elongated- 
lanceolate,  (broadish,  Gray;}  corolla-tube  equaling  the  calyx,  not  exceed- 
ing its  own  lobes. — Gray's  Peak,  B.  H.  Smith. 

POLEMONIUM  C^ERULEUM,  l^.—Hall  &  Harbour,  449.  Twin  Lakes, 
Co  niter  /  Porter. 

Tar.  FOLIOSISSIMTJM,  Gr.  Gr.  Eev.  I.  c.,  281.  Very  viscid-pubescent; 
stems  2°  high,  with  the  corymbose  branches  very  leafy  to  the  top;  leaf- 
lets often  confluent  on  a  wing-margined  rachis;  stamens  and  style  mostly 
shorter  than  the  smaller  white  or  blue  corolla,  which  is  twice  longer 
than  the  calyx. — Hall  &  Harbour,  448.  AVet  Mountain  Valley,  Brande- 
gee. Plains^of  the  Platte,  Coulter.  South  Park,  Porter. 

POLEMONIUM  HUMILE,  Willd.  (P.pulchellum,T>\iiige.'7  P.  RichardsoniL 
Grab.;  P.  capitatum,  Beiith.;  P. pulclierrimum,  Hook.)  Gr.  Rev.  I.  c.,  281. 
Dwarf,  4'-S7  high,  branching  from  the  base,  softly  glandular-pubescent ; 
stems  i-2  leaved ;  leaflets  ovate  or  oblong-ovate",  acute,  small ;  flowers 
subcorymbose,  few,  on  rather  long,  slender  pedicels,  small,  blue,  tube 
shorter  than  the  calyx ;  calyx  cleft  below  the  middle ;  ovules  2-4 ;  seeds 
1-2  in  each  cell. — Hall  &  Harbour,  452 ;  Parry.  Wet  Mountain  Valley, 
Brandegee.  Chicago  Lakes,  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  and  Horse  Shoe 
Mountain,  at  11,000  feet,  Coulter.  Subalpine  woods. 

CONVOI/FUtACEJE. 

IPOM^EA  LEPTOPHYLLA,  Torr.  in  Fremont,  1st  Rep.,  p.  1)4 ;  Emory's 
Rep.,  p.  148,  t.  11.  Annual(?),  2°-3°  high,  much  branched  from  the  base; 
branches  long,  spreading  and  prostrate,  angular,  glabrous;  leaves 
linear  and  lanceolate-linear,  attenuated  at  both  ends,  strongly  veined, 
glabrous,  mucronate-apiculate,  short-petioled:  peduncles  1-3 -flowered, 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         109 

A'-l.1/  iii  length;  sepals  appressed,  broadly  ovate,  very  obtuse,  with  a 
minute  inucro,  5"  long;  corolla  funnel-form,  2'-2£'  long,  purple;  sta- 
mens inserted  near  the  base,  filaments  villous  at  the  base,  anthers  ob- 
long-linear, large;  style  as  long  as  the  stamens;  stigma  2-lobed,  lobes 
capitate;  ovary  2-ceiled,  with  2  ovules  in  each  cell. — On  the  Platte 
near  Denver  aiid  on  the  mesas  around  Colorado  Springs,  Porter  and  Dr. 
Smith. 

CONVOLVULUS  LOB ATUS,  Eng.  &  Gr.  PL  Lindh.,  p.  44.  (('.  haxtatu*. 
Xutt.  Trans.  Amer.  Phil  8oe.,  (n.  ser.,)  5,  p.  194,  -non  Thurb.  C.yiittallii, 
Torr.  in  Emory  8  Rep.,  p.  1 49.)  Boot  perennial ;  stem  twining,  herbaceous 
and  pubescent ;  leaves  petiolate,  on  either  surface  covered  Avith  a  short 
hoary  and  silky  pubescence,  the  primary  ones  simply  hastate,  the  rest 
partly  palmated,  about  2'  long,  commonly  producing  on  either  side  of  the 
base  two  lateral,  retiexed  and  toothed,  or  almost  entire  lobes,  the  cen- 
tral segment  more  than  twice  their  length  and  double  their  breadth ; 
peduncles  solitary,  mostly  2-flowered,  much  longer  than  the  leaves,  the 
pedicels  each  producing  2  bracts;  segments  of  the  5-leaved  calyx  exter- 
nally pubescent,  imbricated,  oval  and  obtuse,  tinged  with  purple;  corolla 
rose-colored;  stigmas  2,  filiform;  capsule  2-celled,  cells  2-seeded. — 
Oaiion  City,  Brandegee. 

CALYSTEGIA  SEPIUM,  K.  Br. — Along  the  Platte  near  Denver  and 
Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Pleasant  Park,  Coulter. 

EVOLYULUS  ARGEXTEUS,  Pursh.— Hall  it-  Harbour,  579.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

CUSCUTA  ARVENSIS,  Beyrich.  Eng.  Monog.,  Trans,  Saint  Louis  Aead., 
vol.  1,  p.  494.  Var.  pentagons  Eng.  /.  c.,  p.  494.  Calyx  thin  and  shining  : 
lobes  orbicular,  as  long  or  longer  than  the  shallow  tube  of  the  corolla, 
forming,  where  they  join,  5  projecting  angles. — Hall  &  Harbour,  4G4. 

CUSCUTA  DECORA,  Eng.  1.  c.,  p.  501.  On  Psoralea,  near  Denver,  Dr. 
Smith.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Plains,  Porter. 

CUSCUTA  GRONOYII,  YVilld.  Eng.  I  c.,  p.  507.— Canon  City,  Brande- 
gee. Manitou  Springs,  Porter  ;  climbing  high  on  Clematis  It  gust  ic  (folia. 
Foot  of  the  Spanish  Peaks,  Huertano  County,  Greene. 

CUSCUTA  CUSPIDATA,  Eng.  I  c.,  p.  509.  Inflorescence  loosely  panicu- 
late, with  many  sterile  hyaline  bracts  011  the  pedicels  and  at  the  base  of  the 
calyx;  flowers  pediceled,  meinbrauaceous,  about  2"  long;  sepals  free, 
imbricate,  ovate  or  orbicular,  cuspidate  or  sometimes  obtuse,  like  the 
surrounding  sterile  bracts ;  ovary  oval,  Avith  a  thick  stylopodium  ;  cap- 
sule thick  and  ^landless  at  the  apex ;  seeds  about  4"  long,  obovato, 
compressed,  rostrate,  with  a  very  short  oval,  mostly  transverse  liilum  ; 
withered  corolla  covering  the  capsule  like  a  hood. — Parry,  273. 

SOLANACEA.E. 

SOLANUM  TKIFLOKIM,  Xutt.  Gen.  1,  p.  128.  Stem  unarmed,  herba- 
ceous, procumbent,  hirsutulous ;  leaves  petiolate,  pinnatifid,  segments 
acute,  entire,  or  dentate,  with  broad  sinuses ;  peduncles  nearly  opposite 
the  leaves,  2-3-flowered ;  calyx  about  5-parted,  lobes  linear-oblong : 
corolla  small,  white,  with  re  volute  lobes ;  berry  globose,  about  the  size 
of  a  cherry,  when  ripe  blackish-brown. — Buffalo  Peaks,  Coulter.  Colo- 
rado Springs,  Porter.  Hall  &  Harbour,  407.  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

SOLANU3I  NIGRU3I,  L. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.     Greene. 

SOLANUM  ROSTHATUM,  Duiial.  DC.  Prod.,  13,  p.  329.  Stem  herba- 
ceous, 2°-3°  high,  much -branched,  armed  with  strong,  straight,  yellow 


110  ,    SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

spines  and  pilose  throughout  with  cinereous-stellate  hairs;  leaves  pctioled, 
spiny,  pbovate  in  outline,  2'-3'  long,  5-7  lobed,  lobes  obovate,  obtuse ; 
racemes  2/-3/  long, 5-8-flowered ;  peduncles!7  long;  pedicels 3"-4"  long, 
1-flowered,  longer  in  fruit ;  calyx  villous,  globose-cup-form,  tube  very- 
spiny,  longer  spines  6"  in  length ;  corolla  yellow,  about  5-cleft,  the  lobes 
broadly  ovate,  acute,  plicate ;  stamens  5,  unequal;  anthers  declined,  one 


City,  Brandegee.     Porter.    Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

SOLANUM  HETERODOXUM,  Dunal.  DC.  Prod.,  13,  p.  331.  In  most 
points  like  the  preceding,  but  the  leaves  are  smaller,  less  deeply  lobed 
and  on  longer  petioles;  the  yellow  spines  are  shorter;  flowers  corym- 
bosely  clustered,  3-5 ;  corolla  blue,  small,  5"-6"  in  diameter,  plicate, 
hirsute-pubescent  without,  tube  short,  limb  5-cleft ;  stamens  5,  unequal, 
half  as  long  as  the  corolla;  filaments  short,  smooth;  berry  globose,  at 
first  green,  then  black,  2-celled. — On  the  plains  near  Greeley,  Porter. 

PHYSALIS  ANGULATA,  L. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Denver,  JV, 
Smith.  » 

PHYSALIS  PUBESCENS,  L. — Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

PHYSALIS  VISCOSA,  L. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Colorado  Springs, 
Porter. 

PHYSALIS  PENNSYLVANIA,  L.,  var/ LANCEOLATA,  Gr — Plains  of  the 
Platte  and  Pleasant  Park,  Coulter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Denver,  Dr. 
Smith.  Ute  Pass,  Porter. 

PHYSALIS  LOBATA,  Torr.  Ann.  N.  Y.  Lye.,  2,  p.  220.  Much  branched 
from  the  base;  branches  prostrate,  decumbent  or  ascending,  smooth, 
angular,  often  12/-18/  long ;  leaves  oblong  or  ovate,  irregularly  lobed  or 
ivpand,  sometimes  lyrate,  lobes  very  obtuse,  abruptly  narrowed  into  a 
petiole,  solitary  or  in  pairs,  nearly"  smooth;  flowers  solitary,  nodding,  on 
filiform  peduncles  about  half  as  long  as  the  leaves;  calyx  subcampanu- 
late,  with  5  acute  lobes,  minutely  tomentose  at  the  tips  and  margins, 
often  covered  as  well  as  the  pedicels  with  minute  white  granules,  about 
2 J"  in  diameter ;  corolla  campamdate-rotate,  purple  or  ochroleucous,  9" 
in  diameter;  stamens  5,  filaments  shorter  than  the  corolla,  smooth. 
Fructiferous  calyx  much  inflated  and  larger  than  the  berry,  1'  long  and 
I'  wide. — Hall  &  Harbour,  4(>G.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee. 

WiTHANiA1  (?)  CORONOPUS,  Torr.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.,  p.{155.  (Sola- 
tium Coronopm,  Dunal.)  Annual,  erect  or  spreading,  branched  above; 
leaves  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  sessile,  tapering  to  the  base,  l'-2' 
long,  nearly  entire,  toothed  or  deeply  pinnatiticl ;  flowers  solitary  or  in 
pairs  on  slender  pedicels  Avhich  are  at  length  reflexed  ;  corolla  dull  yel- 
low, §"-§"  in  diameter;  fruit  globose,  size  of  a  large  pea,  nearly  white 
when  mature,  covered  §  or  more  by  the  calyx. — Canon  City,  Brandegee. 
Pueblo,  Greene. 

NICOTIAN  A  ATTENUATA,   Torr.      " Annual,   glutinous-pubescent    or 

1  WITHANIA,  Pauquy.  Calyx  campanulate,  5-cleft;  lobes  subulate,  inflated  after 
flowering,  more  or  less  covering  the  berry.  Corolla  campanulate,  funnel-form  or 
subrotate,  longer  than  the  calyx,  5-cleft.  Stamens  5,  inserted  on  the  tube  of  the 
corolla,  equal  or  large  ;  filaments  subulate,  often  dilated  at  the  base,  naked  or  squa- 
mose;  anthers  yellow,  oblong,  equal  to  or  shorter  than  the  filaments.  Ovavv  ovate- 
globose,  smooth,  closely  surrounded  at  base  by  a  thin  glaiidulose,  annular'  disk,  2- 
celled.  Placentae,  adnate  to  the  dissepiment ;  ovules  many.  Style  simple,  straight, 
subulate,  equal  to  the  stamens  or  a  little  longer.  Stigma  capitate.  I  Jerry  globose,  v>- 
eelled.  Seeds  many,  subreniform.  Embryo  fleshy,  subeircular.  DC.  Prodi;  13. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         Ill 

somewhat  glabrate,  erect.  l°-3°  high, .branched ;  leaves  oblong-lance- 
olate or  the  uppermost  linear,  acuminate,  attenuate  into  a  petiole, 
entire  or  obscurely  repaud-dentate;  lower  ones  4'-6'  long  and  l'-2'  wide, 
the  upper  ones  proportionately  narrower ;  flowers  in  loose  terminal  race- 
mes; calyx  3"  long,  ttibular-campanulate,  teeth  short,  triangular,  acute, 
equal;  corolla  narrow  funnel-form,  I'  long,  the  short  limbs  spreading  or 
more  usually  erect  and  closed;  capsule  3"-5"  long,  exceeding  the  calyx, 
ovate,  acute,  2-valved,  valves  bifid ;  seeds  pitted."  Watson  in  King's 
Rep.,  vol.  5,2).  i>7<>.  pi.  27.— Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith. 

GENT1ANACEJE. 

GENTLANA  AMAKKLLA.  L.  DC.  Prod.,  9,  p.  95.  (G.  acuta,  MX.;  Stem 
slender,  erect,  simple,  or  branched,  2'-10/  high;  lowest  leaves  oval-spat- 
ulate.  upper  ones  ovate-lanceolate,  sessile  and  sub-clasping,  margins 
scabrous;  cyme  mostly  compound,  raceme-like;  calyx  5-cleft,  lobes  lance- 
olate, somewhat  unequal,  shorter  than  the  cylindrical  tube  of  the  corolla; 
corolla  pale  blue,  without  folds,  fringed  at  the  base  of  the  limb,  lobes 
elliptic-lanceolate,  shorter  than  the  tube;  ovary  oblong- linear,  sessile. 
— Hall  &  Harbour,  473:  Parry;  Canby.  Twin  Lakes  and  Sierra  Madre 
Range,  Coulter.  Subalpiue. 

Var.  STRICTA,  Watson,  (G.  acuta,  MX.  var.  stricta,  Griseb.,  DC.  Prod., 
9,  p.  96.J  Stem  2°-4°  high ;  cymes  raceme-like,  axillary,  strict,  elongated, 
erect;  Sowers  when  dried  becoming  yellow. — Mountains  west  of  Denver, 
B.  H.  Smith.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

GENTIANA  HETEROSEPALA,  Eng.  Tranx.  Saint  Louix  Acad.,  1,  p.  215. 
Annual,  erect,  simple,  4/-16/  high,  few-flowered,  glabrous;  lowest  leaves 
obovate-spatulate,  £-1^'  long,  upper  ones  ovate,  broad  at  the  base,  ses- 
sile, acute  or  sub-obtuse,  margin  minutely  scabrous;  flowers  solitary  or 
fascicled  in  the  axils,  on  peduncles  of  unequal  length,  (3"-lS",)  pale  blue, 
6"-8"  long;  calyx  5-clelt,  two  of  the  lobes  large,  ovate,  acute,  nearly 
equaling  the  corolla,  the  rest  shorter  and  linear- subulate;  corolla  spar- 
ingly-bearded, lobes  linear-oblong,  obtuse,  spreading,  half  as  long  as  the 
tube;  anthers  ovate-cordate;  pistil  linear. — Sierra  Madre  Bange,  Coulter. 

GENTIANA  DETONSA,  Fries. — Hall  tf-  Harbour,  471.  AVet  Mountain 
Valley,  Brandegee.  B.  H.  Smith.  Mount  Elbert,  near  Twin  Lakes,  at 
10.000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

GENTIANA  BARBELLATA,  Eng.  in  Iran*.  I.  c.,  2,  t.  11.  Stems  1-3  from 
a  perennial  caudex,  very  smooth,  1-flowered,  2/-4/  high ;  leaves  fleshy, 
obtuse,  with  a  very  narrow,  cartilaginous,  crenulate  margin,  lowest  linear- 
oblong  or  spatulate,  attenuated  into  a  petiole  sheathing  at  the  base, 
1'  long,  cauline  few,  linear,  connate  at  base,  lower  pair  elongated,  at- 
tenuate at  base,  the  uppermost  (2-4)  broader  at  base,  involucre-like 
below  the  sub-sessile  flower,  acute  or  acuminate;  calyx  4-cleft,  lobes 
triangular-lanceolate,  scarcely  longer  than  the  tube,  much  exceeding  the 
tube  of  the  corolla,  'J  long,  outer  ones  a  little  broader,  with  a  mem- 
branous margin,  mostly  dentate;  lobes  of  the  deep  azure-blue  corolla 
linear-oblong,  obtuse,  erect-spreading,  with  the  margins  short-ciliate 
half  way  up,  dentate  above,  tube  deeply  cauipanulate,  greenish-yellow 
within;  lower-part  of  the  purplish-brown  filaments  attached  in  the  mid- 
dle, the  free  edges  beset  with  long  and  slender  fringes,  glands  between 
the  bases  of  the  filaments  conspicuous;  ovary  ovate,  attenuate  at  base  : 
stigma  seini-orbieulate,  sessile:  seeds  squamulose. — Mount  Flora,  in  the 
Snowy  Eange,  Parry.  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

GENTIANA  TENELLA,  Fries.    DC.  Prod.,  9,  p.  98.    Stem  branching  at 


112         SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

base;  pedicels  1-flowered,  frequently  2'  high ;  lowest  leaves  spatulate, 
upper  ones  few,  oblong;  calyx  deeply  5-parted,  segments  mostly  unequal, 
obtuse,  at  length  shorter  than  the  cylindrical  tube  of  the  corolla ;  lobes 
of  the  deep  blue  corolla,  ovate,  acutish,  about  equaling  the  tube. — 
Gray's  Peak,  Greene.  August,  1872. 

GENTIANA  IIOIILIS,  Stev.  7)0.  Prod.,  9,  p.  106.  Stems  numerous,  l'-2' 
high,  laxly  branched  from  the  base;  branches  1-flowered;  leaves  smooth 
with  white  margins,  more  or  less  apiculate;  lowest  round-ovate,  upper 
ones  lance-oblong,  at  first  crowded  and  imbricated  on  the  stems;  calyx 
f>-cleft;  lobes  ovate-lanceolate,  erect,  shorter  than  the  scarcely  enlarged 
tube  of  the  corolla;  corolla  blue,  lobes  ovate,  half  the  length  of  the 
tube;  folds  entire,  rounded,  a  little  shorter  than  the  lobes;  style  none; 
capsule  obovate  or  somewhat  globose,  attenuated  at  the  base,  rounded 
at  the  apex.  Alpine —  Parry.  Long's  Peak,  at  9.000  feet  altitude,  June  2, 
Cottlter. 

GENTIANA  PHOSTUATA,  Hanike.  ])C.  Prod.,  i),  p.  100.  Var.  AMERI- 
CANA, En  gel  in.  Steins  simple,  0"-2'  high,  slender;  leaves  oval-spatulate, 
mostly  obtuse,  not  pointed,  smooth  on  the  margin  ;  flowers  .small,  4- 
parted,  deep  blue;  teeth  of  the  calyx  5,  erect,  ovate-lanceolate,  acute, 
shorter  than  the  little-enlarged  tube  of  the  corolla;  tube  of  the  corolla 
tAvice  longer  than  the  ovate  lobes,  folds  often  more  than  half  the  length 
of  the  lobes,  nearly  entire;  style  short;  capsule  oblong-linear,  base  at- 
tenuated into  a  short  stipe. — Hall  &  Harbour,  475;  Parry. 

GENTIANA  FRIG  IDA,  Hamke.  DC.Pro<7.,9,p.lll.  Perennial;  stem  often 
solitary,  ascending;  leaves  spatulate-linear,  obtuse,  smooth  on  the  mar- 
gin ;  flowers 'sub-solitary,  terminal ;  calyx  5-cleft,  the  lobes  oblong-linear, 
half  as  long  as  the  corolla;  corolla  plaited,  glandless  and  beardless,  nar- 
rowly obconic,  whitish,  with  blue  spots,  lobes  short,  ovate,  3  times  longer 
than  the  entire  folds;  anthers  free;  testa  slightly  winged;  capsule  at 
length  stipitate. 

Var.  ALGIDA,  Pall.  Stem  tfsually  taller,  with  the  flowers,  from  IJ'-S' 
high;  leaves  broader;  flowers  !-;>,  pediceled,  l£'-2' long,  more  tinged 
with  purple:  calyx  somewhat  unequal  and  split;  lobes  of  the  corolla 
longer.  High  alpine.— Hall  &  Harbour,  472.  Parry,  305.  Summit  of  Pike's 
Peak,  Canby.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith  ;  B.  H.  Smith.  Mount  La  Plata, 
at  14,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

GENTIANA  AFFINIS,  Griseb.  DC.  l*ro<L,  9,  p.  114.  Perennial ;  stems  clus- 
tered, ascending  8'-20'  high;  lower  leaves  obovate-oblong,  obtuse,  the 
upper  lanceolate,  rather  acute,  scabrous  on  the  margins;  flowers  solitary 
and  pediceled,  or  clustered  and  sub-sessile;  calyx  5-cleft,  lobes  oblong- 
linear  or  sometimes  dilated,  very  variable,  often  almost  wanting,  rarely  all- 
present;  corolla  blue,  beardless  and  glandless,  narrowly  clavate,  open, 
twice  longer  than  the  calyx,  the  lobes  oblong,  obtuse,  thrice  longer  than 
the  cleft  folds;  stigmas  connate  or  twisted  or  diverging;  anthers  free; 
testa  slightly  winged;  seeds  orbicular  or  oblong,  winged  or  wingless. 
— 7/aM(fr77<r/rZ>0Hr,468and4()9.  Xorth  Park,  Hay  fen.  Parry,  439 ;  Canby; 
Dr.  Smith;  B.H.  Smith.  Wet  Mountain  Valley \Brandeyee\  Twin  Lakes 
and  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

GENTIANA PARRYi,Engelm.  Tram.  Saint Lo-ui*  Acad.,  l,p.  218.  Peren- 
nial; stems  1  or  several,  ascending  or  erect,  4/-9/ high,  simple,  leafy, 
few-flowered ;  leaves  somewhat  glaucous,  broad  at  base,  sessile,  rounded- 
ovate,  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  10"-15"  long,  3"-IO"  wide,  3-nerved, 
the  uppermost  carinate  and  boat-shaped,  involucrate  to  the  large,  sessile 
flowers  which  are  15"-18"  long,  very  deep  purple,  greenish  below, 
widening  upward,  with  lobes  a  third  as  long  as  the  tube;  calyx  5-cleft, 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         113 

membranous,  entire,  the  lobes  linear,  shorter  than  the  tube;  tube  of 
the  open  corolla  obconie,  twice  longer  than  the  calyx,  the  erect  broadly 
obovate  lobes  very  shortly  acute;  ovary  lanceolate,  stipitate..  Subal- 
pine. — Hall  &  Harbour,  470;  Parry;  Canby.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith  ; 
B.  H.  Smith.  Xorth  Park,  Haydeti.  Twin  Lakes,  at  10,000  feet  eleva- 
tion, Coulter. 

FRASERA  SPECIOSA,  Dougl.  Biennial,  stein  stout,  erect,  3°-5°  high, 
strict,  usually  simple,  glabrous,  not  sulcate ;  leaves  in  fours,  thick,  acut 
ish  or  acute,  7-9  nerved,  the  lowest  oblong-lanceolate,  G'-9'  long,  2'  wide, 
attenuate  into  a  long  petiole,  the  cauline  connate  at  base,  the  uppermost 
linear ;  the  racemose  cyme  densely-flowered,  elongated ;  flowers  1'  in 
diameter,  the  petals  bearded  at  the  base  between  the  filaments  ;  calyx- 
segments  linear,  acuminate,  rather  shorter  than  the  whitish,  punctate 
petals ;  glands  in  pairs,  elliptic-oblong ;  filaments  dilated  at  base, 
scarcely  united  ;  style  about  equaling  the  ovary. — Hall  &  Harbour,  553. 
Monument  Park,  Coulter.  Ute  Pass,  Porter.  Abundant  at  lower  and 
middle  elevations. 

SwERTiA1  PERENNIS,  L.  DC.  Prod.,  9,  p.  132.  Steins  erect,  G'-20'  high, 
few-many-flowered ;  lower  leaves  oblong-elliptic,  long-petioled,  cauline 
ones  opposite,  ovate  oblong,  obtusish  ;  flowers  erect,  G"-3"  in  diameter, 
steel-blue, with  darker  spots  ;  corolla-segments  coriaceous,  elliptic-oblong, 
acutish,  twice  longer  than  the  lanceolate  calyx-lobes ;  glands  in  pairs, 
orbicular,  the  fimbriate  crest  distinct;  stigma  reniform,  sulcate;  seeds 
winged. — Hall  i(-  Harbour, 47G.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith.  Parry;  Canby. 
Twin  Lakes,  at  10,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

PLEUROGYNE2ROTATA,Griseb.  DC.Pw7.,9,p.  122.  Amrual,  simple, 
erect,  3'-6'  high,  bearing  1-few  flowers  at  the  summit ;  lowest  leaves 
spatulate,  the  uppermost  linear,  obtuse ;  segments  of  the  calyx  lance- 
linear,  equaling  the  corolla  ;  ovary  acute.— "  South  Park,  subalpine."' 
Hall  &  Harbour,  477. 

APOCYNACE.E. 

APOCYNUM  AZS-DROSJEMIFOLIUM,  L. — Plains  of  the  Platte,  near  Den- 
ver, Dr.  Smith  and  Coulter. 

APOCYNUM  CANNABINUM,  L. — Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter.  Wet 
Mountain  Valley,  Brandeyee.  Median. 

ASCLEPIADACE-S:. 

ASCLEPIAS  SPECIOSA,  Torr.  Ann.  N.  Y.  Lye.,  2,  p.  218.  Tomentose, 
becoming  glabrate ;  stem  simple,  2°-5°  high  ;  leaves  ±'-Sf  long,  cordate- 
ovate,  acute,  short-petioled  or  the  uppermost  nearly  sessile,  abruptly 
apiculate ;  umbels  axillary  and  terminal,  solitary,  many-flowered,  the 
short  peduncles  and  the  pedicels  often  densely  toinentose ;  flowers  light 
purple ;  corolla-lobes  ovate,  acutish,  reflexed ;  hoods  of  the  crown  6" 
long,  ovate,  long-acuminate,  bidentate  at  the  base  within,  thrice  longer 
than  the  stigma  and  the  compressed,  incurved  horn  ;  pods  4'  long,  1'  in 
diameter. — Plains  near  Denver,  B.  H.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 
Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

1  SWERTIA,  L.    Flowers  5-  (or  sometimes  4-)  uierous.     Calyx-segments  united  at  the 
very  base,  valvate.     Corolla  withering,  rotate,  without  corona  or  folds,  glands  fimbriate 
on  the  margin.     Stamens  inserted  on  the  throat ;  filaments  equal  at  base  :  anthers  at 
length  incumbent,  nodding.     Stigma  terminal,  seated  on  the  ovary,  continuous,  einar- 
ginate-reiiifonn.     Capsule  1-celled,  '2-valved,  septicidal.     Seeds  numerous,  attached  to 
the  valves. — De  CandoUe. 

2  PLEUROGYXE,  Escholtz.     As  in  Sicertia,  except  that  the  two  lateral  stigmas  are 
decurrent  upon  the  margins  of  the  valves  and  glaudulose  above. 

SF  C 


114  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

ASCLEPIAS  JAMESII,  Torr.  Bot.  Hex.  Bound.,  p.  162.  Very  smooth, 
somewhat  glaucous;  stem  stout,  l°-2°  high;  leaves  orbicular  or  orbie- 
ular-obovate,  subcoriaceous,  retuse  or  emarginate,  cordate  at  the  base, 
very  short-petioled,  3'-4'  long,  2J'-3  J'  wide,  abruptly  pointed ;  umbels 
many-flowered,  short-peduncled ;  corolla  greenish,  segments  broadly 
ovate ;  hoods  purplish,  dilated,  obliquely-truncated  ;  the  horn  with  the 
acute  point  exserted  and  projected  partly  over  the  stigma ;  pods  ovoid, 
smooth. — Gallon  City,  Brandegee. 

ASCLEPIAS  BRACHYSTEPPIANA,  Eiig.  Bot.  1.  c.,  p.  103.  Stem  branch- 
ing, 8'-12'  high ;  leaves  opposite,  liuear-lanceolate,  abruptly  narrowed 
at  the  base  into  a  short  petiole,  gradually  tapering  to  a  long,  narrow 
point,  3'-6'  long ;  umbels  3-8 ;  peduncles  shorter  than  the  pedicels, 
many-flowered ;  corolla  dull-purple,  segments  ovate-oblong,  reflexed ; 
hoods  broader  than  long,  toothed  on  the  inner  margins ;  falciform  pro- 
cess vertical ;  pods  oblong,  smooth,  2'  long,  acuminate. — On  the  plains. 
Hall  &  Harbour,  478. 

ASCLEPIAS  OVALIFOLIA,  Decaisne. — Hall  &  Harbour,  480.  Canon 
City,  Brandegee.  Upper  Arkansas,  Porter.  Monument  Park,  Coulter. 

ASCLEPIAS  TUBEROSA,  L. — Caiion  City,  Brandegee. 

ASCLEPIAS  VERTICILLATA,  L. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Eastern  Col- 
orado, Dr.  Smith. 

Var.  Dwarf,  4'— 6'  high,  branched  from  the  base ;  stems  very  leafy 
with  crowded,  filiform  leaves ;  umbels  corymbose  at  the  summit. — Hall 
&  Harbour,  481.  A  common  form  on  the  plains  around  Denver  and  Col- 
orado Springs,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Dr.  Smith. 

ACERTES  DECUMBENS,  Decaisne.  DC.  Prod.,  S,  p.  552.  Stems  1°-L>0 
long,  numerous,  decumbent,  sometimes  angular;  leaves  scattered  and 
subopposite,  ovate-lanceolate,  or  more  usually  narrow-lanceolate,  (<>'  long, 
y-V  wide,)  acute,  margins  scabrous ;  umbels  terminal,  sub-globose ; 
corolla-lobes  ova.te,  greenish-yellow;  hoods  purple,  equaling  the  lobes 
and  exceeding  til,  disk  ;  pods  smooth,  4'  long,  I'  in  diameter. — S.  Colo- 
rado, Hoopes. 

ACERATES  YIRIDIFLORA,  Ell. — Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

ACERATES  AURICULATA,  Engelm.  Bot.  Mex.  Bound.,  p.  1GO.  Stem 
erect,  2°-3°  high,  someAvhat  glaucous  ;  leaves  scattered,  linear,  filiform 
or  narrowly  linear,  slightly  scabrous  but  not  revolute  on  the  margins, 
4/-6/  long,  less  than  1"  wide  ;  umbels  several,  axillary,  immy-tloweivr:, 
on  short  peduncles;  pedicels  6"  long,  pilose ;  calyx  villose  on  the  out- 
side ;  lobes  of  the  corolla  reflexed,  2£"  long ;  hoods  obscurely  3-toothed 
at  the  apex,  involute  011  the  margins^  very  broadly  biauriculate  at  base, 
with  large  triangular  wings ;  pods  lanceolate,  long-beaked,  3'-4'  long. — 
Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Caiion  City,  Brandegee.  Pueblo,  Eedjield. 

JTASMIMEJEJ 

MENODORA2  SCABRA,  Gr.    Sill  Jour.,  (2d.  Series,)  14,  p.  44.    Stems  erect, 

1  JASMINES,  BroAvn.  Flowers  perfect,  regular;  calyx  persistent,  dentate  or lohed, 
lobes 5-8;  corolla  hypogoiious,  gamopetalous,  5-8  lobed,  salver- form,  lobes  imbricate 
in  aestivation,  two  exterior  contorted  or  valvate  ;  stamens  2,  adnate  to  the  tube  an*. 
included,  anthers  2-eelled,  cells  dehiscing  introrsely  by  a  longitudinal  chink ;  ov;u'v 
destitute  of  a  hypogonous  disk,  2-celled,  2-lobed  at  the  apex ;  ovules  erect,  1  or  2  in 
each  cell  or  rarely  2-4 ;  style  simple,  stigma  2-lobed ;  fruit  either  two-berried  or  s.-p,-. 
rable  into  two  capsules;  valves  septiferous  in  the  middle;  seeds  with  little  or  n;» 
albumen  ;  embryo  straight ;  cotyledons  two. 

3  MENODORA,  H.  &  B.  Calyx  10-14  lobed,  rarely  7-9  lobed ;  lobes  linear  or  setaceous. 
longer  than  the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Corolla  siiort-fuimelforui  or  subrottite,  more  or 
less  bearded  in  the  throat ;  limb  5-parted,  lobes  obovate  or  oblong,  scarcely  inucroiiu- 
late  ;  filaments  filiform ;  anthers  awuless. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         115 

mostly  corymbose  at  the  summit ;  lower  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  upper 
ones  linear-lanceolate,  very  entire,  very  rarely  2-3  toothed  and  minutely 
scabrous  as  well  as  the  stems;  lobes  of  the  small  corolla  3"-4"  long, 
broadly  obovate,  twice  exceeding  the  7-10  setaceous  divisions  of  the 
calyx ;  fructiferous  calyx  not  exceeding  the  carpels. — Near  Pueblo,  Greene. 

NYCTAGINACE^I. 

MIRABILIS1  OXYBAPHOIDES,  Gr.  (Quamocltdion  oxybaphoides,  Gr.  SHI. 
Jour.,  2d.  S.,  15,  p.  320.)  Stems  procumbent,  diffuse,  slender;  leaves  all 
deeply  cordate,  on  rather  long  petioles,  lowestreuiform,  upper  ones  acumi- 
nate, often  subangled;  involucre  3-flowered,  deeply  5-cleft,  very  viscid- 
glandular  as  well  as  the  peduncles  in  the  loose  panicle,  lobes  ovate, 
rather  acute,  a  little  shorter  than  the  campamilate  perigonium;  sta- 
mens 3 ;  fruit  subglobose-obovoid,  glabrous,  destitute  of  ribs  or  angles, 
blackish. — Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

MIRABILIS  MULTIFLORA,  Gr.  (Oxybaplius  multiflorus,  Ton1,  in  Ann.  JV. 
T.  Lye.,  p.  237;  Quamoclidion  mutiiflorum,  Torr.  Sill.  Jour.  I.  c.,  321.) 
Pulverulent  and  minutely  pubescent;  stems  subquadrangular,  erect, 
widely  branched,  with  enlarged  joints;  leaves  opposite,  broadly  cordate, 
acute  or  acuminate ;  petioles  4/'-6"  long;  flowers  axillary  and  terminal; 
involucre  campannlate,  1'  long,  pedunculate,  segments  ovate,  acute ; 
flowers  4-7 ;  perianth  funnel-form,  1 J"-2"  long,  persistent,  5-lobed,  lobes 
acuminate,  purple;  stamens  5-0,  as  long  as  the  perianth;  anthers  large, 
yellow  ;  fruit  smooth. — Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

OXYBAPHUS  NYCTAGINEUS,  Sweet. — HaH  &  Harbour,  483.  Golden 
City,  Dr.  Smith.  Denver,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

Var.  CEEVANTESII,  Gr.  (0.  Cervantesii,  Lag.)  Bot.Mex.  Bound.  Surv., 
p.  174.  Branches  and  involucres  viscid-pubescent  or  villous;  leaves  much 
thicker,  obtuse,  and  cordate  or  sub-cordate  at  base. — Canon  City,  Bran- 
degee. 

Yar.  OBLOXGIFOLIUS,  Gr.  Bot.  I.  c.,  p.  174.  Leaves  ovate-lanceolate  or 
oblong,  thick,  not  cordate  at  base,  about  2'  long;  panicles  terminal,  laxly 
many-flowered,  expanded ;  stems  2°-4°  high. — Cherry  Creek,  near  Den- 
ver, Dr.  Smith.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

OXYBAPHUS  HIRSUTUS,  Sweet.  DC.  Prod.,  13,  2,  p.  433.  Very  densely 
pilose  with  long,  spreading,  articulated  hairs;  leaves  sessile,  ovate, 
angola te-dentate  or  repand;  involucre  pubescent-tomentose. — Chiaim 
Canon,  Porter.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

OXYBAPHUS  AXG-USTIFOLIUS,  Sweet.  Stems  glabrous,  ascending, 
slender,  l°-6°  high;  leaves  glabrous,  linear,  usually  elongated,  2/-4/ 
long,  thick,  glaucous;  flo  wers  loosely  panic-led;  peduncles  and  involucre 
pubescent;  involucre  with  5  triangular,  ovate,  acuminate  lobes,  3-5- 
flowered,  becoming  5"  long  in  fruit ;  perianth  short,  sub-campanulate  or 
rotate-fuimel-form,  scarcely  exceeding  the  involucre,  white  or  pink,  the 
limb  1J"  long;  stamens  exserted  ;  fruit  hoary-pubescent,  2£'7  long. — Hall 
&  Harbour,  482.  Denver  and  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canon  City. 
Brandegee.  Dr.  Smith ;  B.  H.  Smith. 

1  MIRABILIS,  L.  Involucre  herbaceous,  scarcely  changed  in  fruit,  calyx-like,  of 
united  leaves,  5-lobed,  1-2-rlo \vered.  Calyx  tubular,  or  more  or  less  broadly  funnel- 
form.  Stamens  almost  always  5,  united  within  the  persistent  base  of  the  calyx. 
Stigma  capitate,  granulated.  Fruit  indurated,  smooth,  ovoid,  not  angled  and  scarcely 
or  not  at  all  ribbed.  Seed  straight,  with  an  incurved  embryo,  inferior  radicle,  andfolia- 
ceous  cotyledons. — Herbs,  with  jointed  stems,  opposite  leaves,  and  flowers  solitary  in 
the  axils,  or  in  crowded  terminal  clusters. 


116  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

ALLIONA1  INCARNATA,  L.  DC.  Prod.  13,  2d  pt,,  p.  434.  Stem  herbace- 
ous, prostrate,  elongated,  whitish,  mostly  woolly  ;  leaves  petioled,  unequal 
in  the  same  pair,  obtuse  at  each  end  or  obliquely  subcordate  at  base,  mar- 
gin sinuate,  whitish-villose  ;  peduncles  solitary;  lobes  of  the  involucre 
lanceolate,  acute,  retiexed  after  flowering.  —  Cation  City,  1873,  Greene. 

ABRONIA2  FRAGRANS,  Xutt.  Viscid-pubescent  ;  stems  numerous  from 
a  perennial  root,  ascending  £0-1J0  high  ;  leaves  oblong  or  ovate,  trun- 
cate or  more  or  less  cuneate  at  base  ;  obtuse  or  acutish  ;  peduncles,  mostly 
solitary,  elongated;  bracts  of  the  involucre  large,  broadly  ovate,  white 
and  scarious,  obtuse  or  acute,  4//-9//  long  ;  stamens  unequal;  stigma 
clavate  ;  fruit  3"-6"  long,  coriaceous,  narrowly  1-2  winged  or  wingless, 
not  crested  ;  seed  1J"  long.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  572.  Plains  near  Denver, 
Dr..  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith.  Near  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Monument 
Park,  Coulter. 

ABRONIA  CYCLOPTERA,  Gr.  Sill  Jour.,  (N.  S.,)  15,  p.  319.  Glandular- 
pubescent;  stems  prostrate  or  ascending,  6'-18'  long;  leaves  oblong, 
ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  cuneate  at  base,  obtuse,  l'-2'  long;  peduncles 
short  ;  involucre  of  5  ovate,  acuminate  bracts,  2//-5//  long,  8-20  flowered  ; 
flowers  bright  rose-color,  6"-12"  long,  tube  pubescent;  stamens  3-5; 
fruit  7"-12"  long,  4//-10//  wide,  including  the  2-4  (usually  3)  large  semi- 
orbicular,  membranous,  strongly  reticulated,  pinkish-purple  wings;  seed 
2£"-4"  long.—  Hall  &  Harbour,  573.  Upper  Arkansas,  Porter.  Grape 
Creek,  Fremont  County,  Coulter. 


TELOXYS3  CORNUTA,  Torr.  Bot.  Whippl,  P.  E.  -K.,  p.  129.  Glabrous, 
12/-15/  high,  very  much  branched  ;  leaves  repand-deutate  and  pinuatifid  ; 
segments  of  the  calyx  acute,  short  beaked  011  the  back  ;  calyx  beset  with 
minute,  elevated  glands;  floAvers  minute,  terminal  and  sessile  in  the 
forks  of  the  slender,  dichotomous  branchlets;  the  terminal  ones  soon 
fall  away,  leaving  slender,  persistent,  awnlike  pedicels  ;  seed  orbicular, 
thick,  rounded  on  the  margin  and  closely  covered  with  the  .utricle  which 
strongly  adheres  to  its  surface.  —  Mountains  west  of  Denver,  Dr.  Smith; 
B.  H.  Smith.  Pueblo,  Greene. 

CYCLOLOMA  PLATYPHYLLTJM,  Moq.  —  Near  Denver  and  Colorado 
Springs,  Porter. 

CHENOPODIUM  ALBUM,  L.  —  Exceedingly  variable..  —  Caiion  City,  Bran- 
degee.  Denver  and  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Mount  Elbert  near  Twin 
Lakes,  at  10,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 


Linn.  Involucre  gam  opliy  lions,  3-cleft,  3-flowered.  Perigonium  very 
small,  limb  4-lobed.  Stamens  4,  freely  included.  Style  simple  ;  stigma  capitate.  Fruit 
covered  with  tlie  indurated  base  of  the  perigouium,  spiuulose  on  the  back.  Embryo 
plicated.  De  CandoUe. 

2  ABRONIA,  Jnss.     Involucre  perfect,  of  5-15  distinct  leaflets,  the  head  many  flowered. 
Calyx  salver-form,  with  obcordate  lobes.     Stamens  5,  included,  adnate  to  the  tube. 
Style  included  ;  stigma  capitate  or  linear-clavate.     Perfect  fruit  5-winged.     Seed  cy- 
lindrical, smooth.    Embryo  by  abortion  monocotyledouous,  infolding  the  central  mealy 
albumen.  —  Low  herbs,  with  thick  opposite  petioled  unequal  leaves  ;  peduncles  axillary 
and  terminal,  and  flowers  in  solitary  involucrate  heads. 

3  TELOXYS,  Moq.     Flowers  perfect,  bractless.     Calyx  5-parted,  segments  subconcave, 
at  length  subcarinate,  never  appendiculate.     Stamens  5,  subperigynons.     Filaments 
compressed,  thickish,  subdilated  below.     Anthers  ovate-globose.     Staminodia   none. 
Nectary  small,  annular,  depressed,  somewhat  fleshy.     Ovary  superior,  depressed.     Style 
terete,  thickish.     Utricle   depressed.     Calyx  angulate,  involute,  not   entirely   closed. 
Pericarp   distinct,  membraiiaceoiis.     Seed  horizontal,  lenticular,  strongly   depressed. 
Testa  crustaceous.     DC.  Prodr.,  13,  2d  pt. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         117 

CHEXOPODIUM  FREIMONTII,  Watson.  King's  Rep.,  vol.  5,  p.  287. 
More  or  less  farinose,  G'-3°  high,  diffusely  branched ;  leaves  oblong, 
ovate  or  broadly  triangular,  mostly  hastate,  abruptly  attenuate  into  a 
slender  petiole ;  panicle  loose  and  spreading,  with  short  braetlets; 
branchlets  very  slender;  calyx-lobes  carinate -cucullate;  seed  horizontal, 
smooth  and  shining. — Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

CHENOPODIU3I  HYBRIDUM,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  485.  "Low  mount- 
ains77 Ute  Pass,  Porter.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

CHENOPODIUM  GLAUCUM,  L. — Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

BLITUZNI  CAPITATOI.  L. — Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith.  Col- 
orado Springs,  Porter.  Twin  Lakes,  Mount  La  Plata,  and  Oro  City, 
Coulter. 

MoxoLEPis1  CHEXOPODioiDES,Moq.  DC.Prod.,  13, 2d  pt.,  p.  85.  (Blititm 
Xuttallianum,  E.  &  S.)  Glabrous,  or  somewhat  glaucous  and  farinose*, 
steins  ascending  or  decumbent,  3/-12/  high,  branched;  leaves  $'-2'  long, 
attenuate  into  the  petiole  and  hastate  at  base,  the  lobes  acute  and  en- 
tire or  the  middle  one  laciniate- toothed;  flowers  in  rather  dense  clusters 
in  the  axils,  often  reddish,  the  sepals  lance-elliptic,  obtuse,  sometimes 
abortive;  seed  rather  acutely  margined,  minutely  tuberculate  and  not 
shining,  J"  in  diameter. — Hall  &  Harbour,  486.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 
Near  Denver  and  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

ATRIPLEX  PATULA,  L. — Can  >n  City,  Brandegee.  Pueblo,  1873,  Greene. 

CORISPERMUM  HYSSOPIFOLIUM,  L. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Near 
Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

OBIONE2  CAXESCENS,Moq.  DC.Pro<?.,13,2dpt,  p.  112.  Shrubby,  l°-5° 
high,  hoary-caneseent  and  pulverulent,  unarmed,  branches  usually  erect 
and  virgate  ;  leaves  sessile,  oblong  or  linear-oblong,  narrowed  at  base, 
obtuse  or  acutish,  occasionally  emarginate,  entire,  l'-2J'  long  and  2//-4// 
wide,  (sometimes  vsmaller  and  ovate  or  obovate;)  flowers  dioecious,  the 
staminate  in  dense  clusters  at  the  extremities  of  the  brauchleis,  the  pis- 
tillate clusters  less  crowded,  axillary;  fruit 2//-3//  long,  hoary-pubescent, 
sessile  or  short-pedicelled,  wingless  or  broadly  winged  by  the  more  or 
less  dilated*  margins' of  the  variously  toothed  bracts. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
308.  Caiion  City,  Brandegee.  Denver  and  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

OBIONE  AKGEXTEA,  Moq.  DC.  Prod.,  13,  2d  pt.,  p.  115.  Annual  and 
herbaceous,  G'-lo'  high,  branching  from  the  base,  the  branches  ascending, 
densely  mealy-canescent,  especially  when  young;  leaves  rather  thick 
and  fleshy,  i'-2'  long,  usually  hastate  or  deltoid,  sometimes  rhomboidal 
or  ovoid,  attenuate  into  the  short  petiole,  obtuse  or  acutish,  entire  or 
rarely  sinuate-toothed;  flowers  monoecious,  in  sessile  axillary  clusters 
upon  the  leafy  branches;  staminate  clusters  small;  bracts  somewhat 
orbicular,  united  at  base,  dilated  and  herbaceous  above  in  fruit,  becom- 
ing often  2"-3"  in  diameter,  the  margin  deeply  and  acutely  toothed  and 
undulate,  the  sides  strongly  reticulated,  and  frequently  more  or  less 
crested. — Hall  d'  Harbour,  484.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Median. 

1  MOXOLEPIS,  Schrad.     Flowers  polygamous,  braetless;  calyx  of  a  single  scale-like 
sepal,  persistent,  without  appendages.     Stamen  1,  inserted  on  the  receptacle.     Disk 
and  staminodia  none.     Styles  2,  filiform,  somewhat  united  at  base,  stigmatic  on  the 
inner  surface.     Utricle  strongly  compressed,  naked,  rather  thick,  subadherent  to  the 
vertical  flattened  seed.     Testa  crnstaceous,  fragile.     Embryo  annular,  surrounding  the 
copious  farinaceous  albumen;  radicle  inferior. — Annual  herbs,  with  alternate  petioled 
leaves  and  clustered  axillary  flowers.     Moquin  in  DC.  Prod. 

2  OBIOXE,  Giertn.     Pistillate  flowers  all  without  calyx  and  2-bracted,  the  bracts 
more  or  less  completely  united  and  becoming  hardened  or  corky;  radicle  superior; 
otherwise  as  in  Atriplex. — Monoecious  or  dioecious  herbs  or  undershrubs,  with  mostly 
alternate  entire  or  sinuate-dentate  leaves.     Moquin  in  DC.  Prod. 


118         SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

OBIONE  SUCKLE  Y  AN  A,  Torr.  Pacif.  R.  R.  Rep.,  12, 2d  pt.,  p.  47,  pi.  4. 
Annual;  stein  branching, prostrate;  leaves  suborbicular,  on  long  petioles, 
acutely  repand-dentate,  pale-green  on  both  sides,  nearly  glabrous; 
glomerules  axillary;  monoecious  bracts  of  the  sessile  fruit  deltoid,  united 
to  the  summit,  the  margin  narrowly  winged,  crenate-denticulate ;  male 
flowers  tetramerous. — Meelian;  in  a  dry  irrigating  ditch  three  miles  west 
of  Denver. 

EUROTIA  l  LANATA,  Moq.  DC.  Prod.,  13, 2d  pt.,  p.  121.  White-tomen- 
tose,  6'-18'  high,  woody  below,  the  subherbaceous  branches  virgate  and 
often  simple ;  leaves  numerous,  alternate  and  fascicled,  linear-lanceolate, 
§"-\.&"  long,  l"-2"  wide,  revolute  upon  the  margins;  flowers  frequently 
dioBcious ;  fruiting  involucre  2"-3"  long,  penicillate  with  four  dense  tufts 
of  long,  white  hairs,  (becoming  brown  in  the  herbarium,  as  also  the 
tomentum,)  seed  minute,  J"  long.  Known  both  as  "  White  Sage"  and 
u  Winter  Fat." — Near  Denver  and  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee. 

SALICORNIA  HERBACEA,  L. — In  dry  saline  marshes  in  South  Park, 
Porter. 

MARITIMA,  Duuiout. — Hall  &  Harbour,  489 ;  Median. 
DEPRESSA,  Lecleb.  (Salsola,  Pursh,  FL  N.  Am.,  107.  Chenopo- 
dina,Moq.,  DC.  Prod.,  13,  2d  pt.,  p.  164.)  Annual,  herbaceous,  prostrate, 
very  much  branched,  glabrous,  often  reddish;  stems  (3" -6"  long)  and 
branches  usually  more  or  less  flexuous ;  leaves  mostly  flatter  and 
broader  than  i a  the  last;  flowers  and  seed  similar. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
488.  "  South  Park  and  on  the  plains. "  South  Park,  near  the  salt- 
works, Porter. 

SARCOBATUS2  VERMICULATUS,  Torr.  (Fremontia  vermicularis,  Torr. 
Frem.Rep.,  pp.  95  and  317,  t.  3.)  Erect,  3°-G°  high,  diffusely  branched,  more 
or  less  spinose  and  the  rigid  divaricate  or  spreading  branchlets  spines- 
cent  at  the  extremities ;  leaves  G^-18"  long,  i"-2"  wide,  frequently  much 
smaller  and  fascicled  on  the  branchlets,  scurfy-pubarulent  when  young, 
becoming  glabrous ;  staminate  aments  3"-9"  long,  cylindrical  or  oblong, 
nearly  2"  in  diameter ;  anthers  soon  deciduous ;  winged  calyx  of  the 
mature  fruit  3"-G"  broad;  seed  V  in  diameter,  with  a  thin  membranous 
transparent  testa. — Near  Canon  City,  Redfield. 

1  EUROTIA,   Adans.      Flowers    monoecious  or    sometimes  dioecious ;    the   staminate 
flowers  glomerate-spicate  at  the  extremities  of  the  leafy  branches;  the  pistillate  below 
them;  axillary,  sessile,  solitary  or  clustered,  2-bracted ;  bracts  at  first  free,  becoming 
connate,  enlarging  and  including  the  flower  in  a  calyx-like  tubular  involucre,  the  free 
summits  elongated  and  narrowed.     Calyx  of  the  staminate  flowers  4-parted,  the  lobes 
equal,  membranous.     Stamens  4,  inserted  on  a  naked  receptacle.     Fertile  flowers  with- 
out calyx,  staminodia  or  nectariferous  disk.     Ovary  ovoid.     Styles  2,  capillary,  united 
only  at  the  base,  exserted,  hirsute.     Fruit  ntricular,  membranous,  villous,  included  in 
the  exceedingly  hirsute  involucre.     Seed  vertical,  compressed,  obovate,  with  a  simple 
membranous  testa.     Embryo  nearly  annular,  surrounding  the  small  mealy  albumen, 
green;  radicle  inferior. — Low  stellately-pubescent  uudershrubs,  with  alternate,  short 
petioled  entire  leaves.     Ledebour  in  Flor.  Ross. 

2  SARCOBATUS,  Nees.    Flowers  unisexual,  monoecious  and  dioecious.   Staminate  flowers 
in  terminal  aments.     Scales  eccentrically  peltate,  stipate,  angular,  cuspidate.     Stamens 
2-4  under  each  scale,  naked,  sessile ;  anthers  oblong.     Pistillate  flowers  solitary,  axil- 
lary.    Calyx  ovate,  compressed,  urceolate,  contracted  at  the  apex  about  the  style  and 
somewhat  bifid,  enlarged  and  thickened  in  fruit  and  developing  below  the  middle  a 
broad  transverse  undulate  veined  wing.     Ovary  sessile,  very  thin  and  membranous, 
flattened,  orbicular,  mostly  oblique,  terminating  laterally  and  abruptly  in  the  slender 
included  persistent  style;  stigmas  exserted,  thick,  divaricate,  often  unequal ;  ovule  on 
a  short  funiculus,  campylotropous.     Seeds  vertical,  with  a  double  integument ;  embryo 
flat-spiral,  green ;  radicle  inferior  ;  albumen  at  the  base  very  small  or  none. — A  spines- 
cent  shrub  of  alkaline  soils,  with  alternate  linear  fleshy  leaves. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  119 

AMARANTACE.E. 

. 

AMAR  ANTUS  RETROFLEXUS, L. — CaQon City, Brandegee.  Plains  aroimd 
Denver,  Coulter.  Introduced. 

AMARANTHS  ALBUS,  L. — Plains  around  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Canon 
City,  Brandegee. 

MONTELTA  TAMARISCINA,  Gr. — Around  Denver,  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H. 
Smith.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

FRCELICHIA  FLORID  AN  A,  Moq.— Around  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  "  Sand 
bills  on  the  plains,"  Hall  &  Harbour.  487. 

PARONYCHIEJE. 

PARONYCHIA  PULVINATA,  Gr.  Proc.  Acad.  Phil,  March,  1863,  p.  58. 
Matted-ca?spitose  from  a  woody  root,  forming  dense  cushion-like  tufts, 
nearly  glabrous,  occasionally  sending  out  short  nearly  naked  pubescent 
stems;  stipules  silvery,  broadly  ovate,  entire,  pointless,  the  uppermost 
somewhat  acute  but  blunt,  2" 'long;  leaves  thick,  oblong,  obtuse,  cilio- 
late-scabrous  upon  the  margin  and  somewhat  minutely  glandular-pubes- 
cent, 2J"-3"  long  and  V  wide,  bright  green  and  nerveless,  equaling  the 
stipules  and  with  them  densely  covering  the  short  stems;  flowers  im- 
mersed among  the  leaves,  solitary,  terminal,  sessile ;  sepals  oval,  broadly 
scarious,  awned  a  little  below  the  somewhat  arched  apex ;  stamiiiodia 
5,  similar  to  the  fertile  filaments ;  ovary  glabrous,  tapering  into  the 
rather  short  style.  Alpine. — Hall  it  Harbour,  66;  Parry,  297.  Mount 
Lincoln,  at  13,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

PARONYCHIA  SESSILIFLORA,  Kutt.  Eoot  woody,  very  densely  csespi- 
tose,  much  branched  and  crowded  :  branches  very  dense,  2'  high  ;  leaves 
imbricated,  linear-subulate,  lowest  erect,  obtuse,  the  upper  longer,  re- 
curved-spreadiug,  acute  or  mucrouate,  rather  longer  than  the  2-cleft 
stipules;  flowers  terminal,  solitary,  sessile;  sepals  arched  at  the  apex 
within,  with  divergent  setaceous  awns  rather  shorter,  oblong-linear,  ob- 
scurely 3-uerved  ;  sterile  seta?  as  long  as  the  filaments ;  style  as  long  as 
the  se'pals,  2-cleft  at  the  apex.— South  Park,  Canby.  Wet  Mountain 
Valley,  Brandegee. 

PARONYCHIA  JAMESII,  T.  &  G.  Very  minutely  scabrous-pubescent, 
ca^spitose,  much  branched  from  the  base,  stems  4M5'  high ;  leaves  linear- 
subulate,  obtuse,  £'  long,  about  the  length  of  the  iuternodes,  uppermost 
mucronate ;  stipufes  shorter  than  the  leaves,  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate 
or  setose;  cymes  dichotomous,  few-flowered,  crowded,  with  a  central,  sub- 
sessile  flower  in  each  division;  sepals  minutely  hairy  at  the  base,  linear- 
oblong,  obscurely  3-ribbed.  with  very  short  cusps,  arched  at  the  summit 
within  ;  sterile  seta?  as  long  as  the  filaments  ;  style  2-cleft  one-third  of 
its  length. — Hall  &  Harbour,  67.  South  Park,  Canby.  Abundant  at  the 
base  of  the  foot-hills  near  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

POLYGON lACEJE. 

ERiOGONOi1  ALATUM,  Torr.  Sitc/reares'  Rep.,  p.  168,  t.  8.  Perennial; 
root  stout  and  blackish ;  stem  erect,  i°-3°  high,  arising  from  a  short,  thick 

1  ERIOGONUM,  Miehx.  Involucre  many-rlowered.  (seldom  few,  or  very  rarely  1-flow- 
ered,)  campanulate.  top-shaped,  or  cyliiidric.  usually  5-8-toothed  or  lobed,  pointless. 
Flowers  jointed  upon  their  pedicels,  which  are  more  or  less  exserted  from  the  involu- 
cre in  flower ;  bractlets  usually  very  delicate  or  very  narrow.  Calyx  6-parted  or 
deeply  6-cleft.  Stamens  9.  Achenmm  triangular,  or  in  a  few  species  3-winged. 
— North  American  herbs  or  undershrnbs.  mostly  west  of  the  Mississippi. 


ERIOG-ONTDI  FLAVUM,  Nul 
cent  with  a  silky- woolly  or 
high,  from  a  thick,  many-pa 
spatulate,  becoming  more  or| 
on  the  caudex ; .  involucral 
the  same  number;  perigonil 
the  outside,  funnel-form  atl 
ovary  hirsute  at   the  apex. 
Around  Denver  and  Colorac 
Coulter.    Canon  City,  Brant 

ERIOGONUM  HERACLEOID! 
der,  lJ°-2°  high,  woolly,  t< 
curnbent,  subcsespitose,  fascil 
scape-like  peduncles  souieti 
leaves  in  the  middle,  with  a 
part  involucrate-bracted ;  leal 
woolly  beneath  or  on  both  sij 
ing  and  soon  reflexed,  with] 
yellow,  very  glabrous  calyx  \ 
filaments  villous  below  ;  ova 
top,  especially  upon  the  angll 

ERIOGONUM  UMBELLATUIJ 
foot  high,  woolly,  tornent< 

branches  decumbent  or  cm 

fasciculate-leafy  at  top  ;  leaves  obovate-spatulate  or  oval,  narrowing  to 
a  petiole,  white-woolly  beneath  ;  peduncles  scape  like,  leafless  excepting 
the  involucre  of  bract-like  leaves  subtending  the  simple  or  rarely  sub- 
compound  umbel;  involucre  deeply  6-8  cleft,  many-flowered  ;  calyx  very 
glabrous,  yellow  or  sometimes  white,  the  segments  2-3  times  longer  than 
the  slender  stipe ;  filaments  and  ovary  as  in  the  last. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
504;  Parry.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Plains 
and  foot-hills  near  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Sierra  Madre  Range  and 
plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

Var.  MONOCEPHALUM,  T.  &  G.  Dwarf,  depressed,  caespitose ;  leaves 
glabrate  above  or  on  both  sides,  the  blade  J'-J'  long  ;  scape  %'-3'  high, 
slender,  bearing  2-4  capitate  involucres  with  usually  1-3  bracts,  or  a 
single  larger  one,  usually  naked;  flowers  smaller. — Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

ERIOGONFM  (LACHNOGYNA)  ACAFLE,  "Suit.  T.  &  $.,  /.  c.,  p.  163. 
Perennial,  matted-ca?spitose,  white- tomentose ;  leaves  sessile,  densely 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  121 

crowded  upon  the  closely-branched  caudex,  oblong  or  sub-linear,  mar- 
gins re  volute ;  heads  of  1-5  nearly  sessile  short  3-5- toothed  involucres, 
sessile  among  the  uppermost  leaves,  sometimes  shortly  exsert-peduneu- 
late  in  fruit ;  flower  with  a  broad  sessile  base,  the  calyx  hardly  2"  long, 
tomeutose,  6-parted,  with  equal  oblong  segments  ;  filaments  pilose  only 
at  base ;  ovary  very  tomentose  with  long  tangled  wool ;  leaves  2"-3" 
long,  spreading  from  the  imbricated  sheathing  base. — Discovered  by 
Xuttall  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  of  Colorado;  not  seen  by  us. 

ERIOGONUM  (LACHNOGYXA)  LACHNOGYNUM,  Torr.  T.  d;  (7.,  1.  c.,  p. 
163.  Branches  of  the  caudex  very  short  and  crowded;  scape  a  span  to 
1°  high,  slender;  leaves  lanceolate  or  lance-oblong,  1'  long,  acute, 
petioled,  more  or  less  revolutely-margined,  silky  above,  tomeutose  be- 
neath ;  calyx  silky-woolly,  yellow  within. — Southern  Colorado  and 
Xew  Mexico.  Blufts  of  the  Arkansas  at  Pueblo,  Greene,  1873. 

ERIOGONUM   (HETEROSEPALA)  OVALIFOLIUM,  Eutt.      T.  &  £.,  1.  €.,  p. 

104.  Perennial,  ciespitose,  acaulescent,  hoary- woolly;  leaves  oval  or 
somewhat  rounded,  petioled,  crowded  upon  the  numerous  short  branches 
of  the  caudex;  scape  2'-8'  high,  simple,  leafless,  with  a  single  head  (very 
rarely  2)  of  few  (3-8)  closely  sessile  5-S-toothed  involucres;  bracts  very 
small  or  wanting ;  calyx  with  the  base  not  produced,  very  glabrous, 
6-parted,  more  or  less  yellow  or  rose-colored,  wholly  petaloid,  becoming 
thin  and  scarious  after  flowering ;  segments  very  unequal,  the  outer  very 
broadly  oval,  cordate  at  base  with  usually  a  rather  deep  sinus,  the  lobes 
reaching  to  the  joint  or  beyond  it,  the  inm-r  narrow,  spatulate,  ernar- 
ginate,  counivent-erect  and  involute,  each  bearing  3  stamens  at  the  claw- 
like  base;  ovary  glabrous. — Rocky  Mountain's  of  Colorado  to  Utah  and 
Nevada. 

ERIOGOXUX  MULTICEPS,  Ker.  T.  &  G.,  I  c.,  p.  166.  Clothed  with  very 
white  appressed  wool ;  branches  of  the  caudex  short,  assurgent,  leafy  ; 
leaves  oblong-spatulate  or  oblanceolate,  gradually  attenuated  into  the 
petiole ;  scape  3'-5'  high ;  head  bracteate ;  bracts  unequal,  1  or  2  of  them 
often  surpassing  the  involucres ;  flowers  small ;  involucres  5-10,  tubu- 
lose,  5-toothed ;  calyx  white  orr  brownish  yellow,  or  tinged  with  red, 
somewhat  woolly ;  segments  obovate-cuueate,  retuse ;  filaments  nearly 
smooth. — Southern  Colorado,  Brandegee. 

ERIOGOXUX  PAUCIFLORUM,  Piirsli.  T.  &  G.,  I  c.,  p.  166.  Becoming 
smooth,  with  the  aspect  of  Armeria  ;  branches  of  the  caudex  very  short, 
crowded;  leaves  linear  or  subspatulate,  re  volute- margined,  attenuated 
into  a  petiole,  at  length  nearly  smooth;  scape  4'-6'  high,  bearing  a  single 
head;  involucres  5-10,  turbinate-campanulate,  5-toothed;  calyx  white, 
glabrous,  segments  oval;  filaments  pubescent  below. — South  Park,  Canty; 
Hoopes. 

ERIOGONUM  MICROTHECUM,  Xutt.  T.  if-  £.,  I  c.,  p.  170.  Shrubby,  rather 
low,  (rarely  1°  high,)  very  much  branched  from  the  base ;  tomentuin 
floccose,  sometimes  rather  thin;  branches  erect  or  assurgent,  but  the 
cyme  either  crowded  or  effuse;  leaves  narrowly  oblong  and  linear;  flow- 
ers white  or  rose-colored,  rarely  dull  yellow,  seldom  over  1"  in  length, 
usually  rather  thick  at  base  after  flowering,  glabrous  within,  the  seg- 
ments obovate,  inner  ones  at  least  emargiuate  or  retuse ;  ovary  often 
scabrous  above  on  the  angles. 

Yar.  FENDLERIANIDI,  Beuth.  Leaves  broad,  F-1J'  long,  ±"-Z"  wide; 
involucres  2"  long,  in  an  ample  loose  cyme. — Canon  City,  Brandegee. 
Pueblo,  Greene. 

Yar.  BFFUSUM,  T.  &  G.,     (E.  effusum,  :NTutt,  PL  Garni}.,  1.  c.,  p.  172.) 


122         SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

More  woolly ;  leaves  oblong  or  linear-oblong,  margins  more  or  less  rev- 
olute;  cyme  many-flowered,  decompound,  effuse-paniculate ;  rays  usually 
longer 5  flowers  white. — Common  on  the  plains  and  foot-hills.  Denver, 
Dr.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegse.  Canby. 
Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

ERIOGONUM  BREVICAULE,  Nutt.  T.  &  G.j  I  c.,  p.  172.  Caespitose ; 
shrubby,  the  woody  leafy-  branches  very  short  or  depressed,  bearing  a 
naked  elongated  herbaceous  scape-like  peduncle;  leaves  l'-2i'  long  and 
l"-5"  broad,  linear,  oblong-linear  or  narrowly  spatulate-oblauceolate,  at- 
tenuate into  a  slender  petiole,  white-woolly  on  both  sides  or  becoming 
glabrous  above,  the  margins  at  length  mostly  revolute;  scapes  rigid, 
S'-IO'  high,  the  cyme  repeatedly  umbeled  or  trichofcomous,  calyculately 
bracted  at  the  nodes;  peduncles  and  the  5-toothed  oblong  or  cyathiform- 
campanulate  involucres  (lJ"-2"  long)  glabrous  or  some  glabrate;  calyx 
glabrous  within,  white  or  rose-color  or  sometimes  bright  yellow,  the  seg- 
ments obovate-oblong  and  nearly  equal. — "From  the  head-waters  of  the 
Platte  to  New  Mexico." 

ERIOGONUM  ANNUUM,  Nutt.  T.  &  G.,  1.  c.,  p.  173.  Covered  with  a 
close  white  wool ;  stems  tall,  l°-3°  high,  strict,  leafy  below  ;  leaves  ob- 
long, attenuated  at  the  base,  numerous,  short-petioled ;  cymes  decom- 
pound; flowers  numerous;  involucres  snowy-woolly,  glabrous  within, 
teeth  5,  short ;  calyx  white,  furnished  at  base  with  long,  delicate,  arach- 
noid wool,  segments  unequal,  outer  ones  much  larger,  broadly  obovate, 
inner  ones  oblong;  bracteoles  slightly  plumose. — Plains  around  Denver, 
Dr.  Smith.  Around  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canby.  Hall  (fe  Harbour, 
501. 

ERIOGONUM  CERNUUM,  Nutt.  T.  &  G.,  1.  c.,  p.  182.  Annual,  slender, 
4'-15'  high ;  leaves  radical  or  sometimes  cauline,  round  or  obovate,  some- 
what loiig-petioled,  floccose-woolly ;  panicle  glabrous,  widely  spreading, 
decompound,  usually  very -many -flowered  ;  pedicels  soon  deflexed 
smooth,  2-3  times  longer  than  the  campanulate,  glabrous,  many-flowered 
involucre;  bractlets  setaceous,  short,  subnaked;  calyx  white  or  pinkish, 
glabrous  G-cleft,  turbinate  and  acute  at  base,  the  outer  segments  square, 
emarginate  or  retuse,  scarcely  exceeding  the  oblong  half-as-wide  inner 
ones.  Involucres  not  over  V  long ;  flowers  scarcely  as  long  and  often 
much  shorter,  and  well  marked  by  the  top-shaped  base. — Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 503 ;  Canby.  Upper  Arkansas,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

ERIOGONUM  GORDONI,  Benth.  T.  &  G.,  1.  c.,  p.  185.  Glabrous 
throughout;  leaves  subcoriaceous,  round;  peduncles  several- from  the 
root,  short,  repeatedly  divided  above  into  an  ample,  loose  dichotomous 
panicle,  branches  slender,  pedicels  subcapillary,  9"- 14"  long,  erect ; 
flowers  2-3,  white,  very  small ;  involucre  turbinate-campanulate,  5- 
toothed ;  outer  segments  of  the  very  smooth  calyx  ovate,  a  little  longer 
than  the  oblong  inner  ones ;  bractlets  minutely  glandulose. — Canon 
City,  Brandegee.  Plains  about  Pueblo,  Greene. 

ERIOGONUM  TENELLUM,  Torr.  T.  &  G.,  1.  c.,  p.  180.  Csespitose  from 
a  much  branched  woody  caudex ;  leaves  crowded,  ovate  or  rounded, 
white-tomentose ;  scape  and  spreading  panicle  smooth;  bracts  very 
small;  pedicels  elongated,  erect;  involucres  l%"-2^"  long,  rather  many 
flowered;  flowers  white,  the  segments  retuse,  unequal,  the  outer  broad 
obovate  or  rounded  ;  bractlets  villous. — "Colorado  to  New  Mexico.7' 

OXYRIA  DIGYNA,  Campd.— Hall  &  Harbour,  4D4;  Parry.  Giay?s 
Peak,  Dr.  Smith.  Mount  Lincoln,  at  lo.Cl'O  feet  altitude,  and -Horse  Shoe 
Mountain,  at  11,000  feet,  Coulter. 

RUMEX  VENOSUS.  Pursh.     DO.  Prodr.  14,  p.  43.     Stem  branched,  1° 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         123 

high ;  leaves  thick,  flat,  glabrous,  petioled,  the  lowest  ovate-subcordate 
at  base,  the  rest  ovate-lanceolate  or  oblong,  acute,  attenuate  at  base ;  pani- 
cle leafy  only  at  base;  racemes  axillary  and  terminal,  solitary,  simple, 
sessile,  the  fascicles  3-8-flowered ;  flowers  perfect,  on  capillary  pedicels 
jointed  at  the  base  and  equaling  the  valves ;  valves  equal,  orbicular, 
deeply  cordate,  entire,  closely  reticulate- veined,  destitute  of  a  callus,  be- 
coming greatly  dilated.  Leaves  often  4'  long  and  lJ'-2'  wide,  on  rather 
short  petioles;  valves  bright  rose-color  at  maturity,  9"-12"  in  diameter; 
outer  sepals  finally  deflexed,  about  equaling  the  sinus  of  the  valves. 
— Hall  &  Harbour,  495. 

RUMEX  LONGIFOLIUS,  DC.  Prodr.  14,  p.  44.  Stout,  3°-5°  high ;  leaves 
elongated,  acute,  undulate,  the  lowest  oblong,  subcordate,  or  obtuse  at 
base,6'-15'  long^M/  wide,  long-petioled,  the  upper  lanceolate,  attenuate 
at  each  end,  and  the  uppermost  linear ;  petioles  flat  above,  with  a  thin 
linear  margin;  panicle  simple,  leafless  above,  the  racemes  sessile;  valves 
about  2J"  in  diameter,  broad-ovate,  slightly  cordate,  obtuse,  finely  reti- 
culated, subentire,  without  callosities. — Hall  &  Harbour,  499.  Very  com- 
mon on  Bear  Creek  and  Horse  Shoe  Mountain,  Coulter. 

RUMEX  SALICIFOLIUS,  Wemm.—Hall  &  Harbour,  490  and  498.  Canon 
City,  Brandegee.  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Oro 
City  and  plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

RUMEX  MARITIMUS,  L. — "Subalpine,"  Hall  &  Harbour,  497.  Head  of 
Clear  Creek,  at  10,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter.  Pueblo,  Greene. 

RUMEX  ACETOSELLA,  L. — Greeley,  Greene. 

POLYGONUM  ERECTUM, L.  (P.  aviculare,  L.,  var.  erect  urn,  Roth.)  Wat- 
son, Rev.  ofPolyg.,  Am.  Nat,  1,  p.  664.  Erect  or  ascending,  glabrous,  l0-2° 
high  or  more,  pale  or  yellowish;  leaves  oblong  or  oval,  6"-30"  long, 
usually  obtuse;  flowers  mostly  l|"  long,  on  more  or  less  exserted  pedi- 
cels; sepals  rarely  6;  stamens  5-6;  acheniuin  broadly  ovate  to  lanceo- 
late, dull  and  granular  or  nearly  smooth. — Around  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 
Canon  City,  Brandegee.  ^"orth  Park,  Hay  den.  Western's  Pass,  Coulter. 
Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

POLYGONUM  RAMOSissniUM,  MX.— Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  On  the 
Platte  near  Denver,  Coulter. 

PoLYGONini  TENUE,  MX.— Hall  &  Harbour,  492 ;  Meelian.  Colorado 
Springs,  Porter.  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

POLYGONUM  IMBRICATUM,  Nutt.  Wateon,  1.  c.,  p.  665.  Low,  slender, 
often  diffusely  branched,  l'-S'  high;  leaves  narrowly  linear;  spikes 
dense;  bracts  loosely  imbricated,  linear  or  oblong,  2"-4"  long,  with  some- 
times a  narrow,  scarious  margin,  acute;  stamens  3  or  5;  style  one-third 
as  long  as  the  ovary.  Alpine  and  subalpine. — Hall  c£-  Harbour,  493; 
"Blue  River,  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.'7 

POLYGONUM  AMPHIBIUM,  L.,  var.  TERRESTRE,  Willd. — Near  Denver, 
Dr.  Smith.  Near  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

POLYGONUM  PENNSYLVANICUM,  L. — Greeley,  Greene.. 

POLYGONUM  INCARNATUM,  Ell. — Cafioii  City,  Brandegee.  Plains  of 
the  Platte,  Coulter. 

POLYGONUM  VIVIPARUM,  L.— Hall  &  Harbour.  491.  Xear  Denver,  Dr. 
Smith.  Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 

POLYGONUM  BISTORTA,  L.  DC.  Prod  14,  p.  125,  Rhizoina  thick  and 
twisted;  stems  annual,  very  simple;  sheaths  long  and striately  nerved; 
leaves  glabrous  or  puberulent  beneath,  the  lowest  cordate  obtuse,  with 
a  long-winged  petiole,  the  upper  subsessile,  the  highest  linear  or  abor- 


124  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

tive;  spike  dense,  oblong,  obtuse  ;  pedicels  exceeding  the  flowers;  sta- 
mens exserted. 

Yar.  OBLONGIFOLIUM,  Meisn.  Stem  simple,  6'-2°  high  ;  leaves  glab- 
rous, the  lowest  oblong,  the  blade  3'-S'  long,  l'-2'  broad,  scarcely  decur- 
rent  by  an  abruptly  attenuate  base  into  a  very  long  petiole  ;  spike 
oblong,  £'-2'  long.—  Hall  &  Harbour,  490.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith.  San- 
gre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegee.  Mount  Lincoln,  at  13,000  feet  altitude, 
Coulter.  Parry  ;  B.  H.  Smith.  Twin  Lakes,  Porter. 

POLYGONUM  DUMETORUM,  L.  —  Caiion  City,  Brandegee.  Foot-hills 
near  Denver,  Coulter. 


SHEPHERDIA  CANADENSIS,  L.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  506.   Twin  Lakes, 
Coulter. 
SHEPHERDIA  ARGENTEA,  Kutt.  —  Green  Horn  Kiver,  Greene,  1873. 

SANTAI.ACEJE. 

COMANDRA  PALLIDA.  DC.  Prod.  14,  p.  666.  Steins  from  a  woody 
caudex.  herbaceous,  striate,  erect,  6'-W'  high,  branched  above  ;  leaves 
alternate,  bluish,  somewhat  punctate  on  the  margin,  lower  elliptical- 
oblong,  mucronate-acute,  8"-12"  long,  2//-3//  wide,  uppermost  usually 
linear-lanceolate,  S"-!!)"  long,  about  V  wide  ;  bracts  linear-lanceolate, 
2".  long;  pedicels  slender,  V  long;  flower  as  in  C.  umbellata,  but  the 
lobes  more  papillose-velvety,  especially  on  the  margin  and  within  ; 
calyx-lobes  erect,  spreading;  fruit  3"  in  diameter  with  a  subfleshy 
epicarp.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  507  ;  Meehan.  Saint  Train  Canon,  Coulter. 


ARCEIJTHOBIUM1  AMERICANUM,  Nutt.  Engelm,  in  Boston  Jour.  Nat. 
Hist.,  6,  p.  214.  Slender,  fasciculately  branched,  greenish-yellow  ; 
flowers  often  verticillate;  male  flowers  almost  always  terminal  on  short 
branchlets,  crowded,  rarely  axillary;  berry  1£"  long.  On  Pinus  contorta, 
from  Colorado  northward  and  westward  ;  flowers  in  August  and  Sep- 
tember, maturing  its  fruit  in  12-13  months.  Delicately  fasciculate, 
much  branched  plants,  V  or,  2'-3>  high.  —  Meehan.  Mount  of  the  Holy 
Cross,  Coulter. 

ARCEUTHOBIUM  ROBUSTUM,  Engelm.  in  Revision  Arceuth.  ined.  Stout> 
spiked-branched,  olive  or  brownish-green;  flowers  opposite,  spiked; 
berry  2J"  long.  On  Pinus  ponderosa,  from  Colorado  southward  and 
westward  ;  flowers  in  June,  maturing  in  15-16  months.  Stouter  and 
darker  colored  than  the  last,  S'-l'  high  ;  flowers  and  fruit  much  larger. 
—  Hall  &  Harbour,  574.  Meehan;  Woolson. 

EUPHORBIACE.E. 

EUPHORBIA  LATA,  Engelm.  DC.  Prod.  ,15,  2dpt.,  p.  18.  Canescentwith 
appressed  pubescence;  stems  from  a  woody  rootstock,  spreading,  short, 
rigid,  dichotomously  very  much  branched,  3'-&'  high  ;  lower  iuteruodes 
longer  than  the  leaves,  uppermost  very  short;  leaves  very  short-petioled, 

1  AKCEUTHOBIUM,  M.  Bieb.  Dioecious.  Male  flowers  mostly  3-parted.  Anthers  ad- 
nate  to  the  middle  of  the  lobes,  1-celled,  with  one  circular  opening  ;  pollen  grains  spinu- 
lose.  Female  flowers  mostly  2-parted7  inferior;  ovary  ovoid,  compressed.  Stigma 
oval  or  conic.  Fruit  ovoid,  somewhat  compressed,  opening  at  base,  on  an  exsert 
recurved  peduncle.  —  Small  yellowish  or  greenish-brown  shrubs,  parasitic  on  Coniferce, 
with  4-angled  compressed  joints  ;  opposite  leaves  reduced  to  small  connate  scales  ; 
fructification  biennial. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  125 

triangular-ovate  from  a  somewhat  oblique,  abruptly  attenuated  base,  or 
oblong,  obtuse,  with  re  volute  margins;  stipules  triangular-lanceolate, 
ciliate;  involucre  axillary,  solitary,  canipanulate,  hairy  on  the  outside 
and  in  the  throat,  lobes  triangular,  elongated ;  glands  ovate  with  a  very 
narrow  tabulate  appendage;  style  short,  2-parted,  somewhat  thickened 
at  the  apex;  capsule  hirsute  with  appressed  hairs;  carpels  obtusely  cari- 
nate;  seed  oblong,  4-angled,  transversely  wriukled. — Purgatory  Elver, 
Dr.  Btll. 

EUPHORBIA  PETALOIDEA,  Engelm.  DC.  Prod.,  15, 2d  pt.,  p.  28.  Glab- 
rous; stems  dichotomous,  procumbent  or  ascending;  leaves  attenuate  to 
the  scarcely  oblique  base,  oblong-linear  or  linear,  elliptic,  5"-7"  long, 
lJ"-2"  broad,  obtuse,  mucronulate,  entire  ;  stipules  subulate,  somewhat 
entire;  involucres,  solitary,  on  pedicels  about  their  own  length,  campanu- 
late,  lobes  hairy  beneath  the  glands  within,  minutely-ciliate,  triangular, 
acute;  glands  suborbiculate,  concave,  with  an  entire  ovate  appendage  3 
times  their  breadth;  style  short,  bifid;  the  carpels  of  the  depressed 
capsule  rounded;  seed  ovate,  acute,  obsoletely  4-angled. — Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 512.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H. 
Smith. 

EUPHORBIA  FEXDLERI,T.  &  G.  DC.  Prod.,  15,  2d  pt.,  p.  38.  Glabrous, 
from  a  slender,  short,  somewhat  woody  root-stock;  stems  numerous,  deli- 
cately filiform,  rather  rigid,  erect  or  decumbent,  much  branched  dichoto- 
mously  2'-4'  high ;  leaves  lJ"-2£"  long,  ovate  from  a  rounded  base,  obtuse, 
entire,  stipules  subulate,  often  laciniate  at  base;  involucres  terminal,  soli- 
tary, turbiuate,  slightly  bearded  in  the  throat,  lobes  short,  ovate,  fim- 
briate;  glands  transversely  oblong  with  a  very  narrow  obsolete  append- 
age; style  short,  divaricate,  bifid;  capsule  1"  broad,  furnished  with  a 
small,  somewhat  6-lobed  calyx;  carpels  obtusely  carinate ;  seed  ovate, 
4-augled,  irregularly  scrobiculate-punctate. — Hail  &  Harbour •,  513. 

EUPHORBIA  REVOLUTA,  Engelm.  DC.  Prod.  15,  2d  pt.,  p.  46.  Glab- 
rous; stem  erect,  filiform,  naked  below,  much  branched  above  the  middle, 
4/-5/  high;  leaves  5"-12"  long,  J"  wide,  narrowly  linear,  entire,  obtuse, 
revolute  on  the  margins,  attenuated  below,  base  rather  oblique,  short- 
petioled;  stipules  subulate,  entire;  involucres  very  small,  uppermost  in 
the  forks  of  the  branches  and  terminal,  somewhat  truncate,  short-cam- 
panulate,  lobes  triangular-lanceolate,  ciliate;  glands  purple,  3  or  4  times 
broader  than  the  whitish  or  reddish,  oblong  appendage;  styles  short, 
bifid;  capsule  glabrous,  acute,  carinate,  J"  long;  seed  oblong,  sharply 
4-angled,  sparingly  and  irregularly  rugose! — Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

EUPHORBIA  ^IACULATA,  L. — Plains  near  Denver,  Coulter. 

EUPHORBIA  OLYPTOSPERMA,  E u gel m.— Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Colo- 
rado Springs,  Porter.  Canby.  i'fear  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

EUPHORBIA  HEXAGONA,  Nutt.  DC.  Prod.,  15, 2d  pt.,  p.  52.  Somewhat 
hairy  with  scattered  appressed  hairs;  stem  slender,  1°-1£°  high,  erect, 
annual;  branches  opposite  and  dichotomous,  striate-angled,  lower  ones  6' 
long ;  leaves  all  opposite,  short-petioled,  linear-lanceolate,  attenuate  at 
each  end,  acute,  mucronulate,  entire,  lower  ones  with  the  petiole  lj' long, 
2"-2£"  wide;  fioral  ones  very  narrowly  linear;  stipular  glands  minute; 
invofucre  hairy  without  and' in  the  throat,  short,  many  cleft;  glands  5, 
transversely  ovate,  with  a  green  ovate-triangular,  acute  appendage, 
twice  their  length;  styles  very  short,  capitate  and  somewhat  2-lobed  at 
the  apex;  carpels  of  the  smooth  capsule  (2"  long)  obtusely  carinate;  seed 
ovate,  finely  scrobiculate  and  tuberculate. — On  the  plains.  Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 511.  Plains  near  Denver,  Porter. 

EUPHORBIA  MARGINATA,  Pursh.— Hall  &  Harbour,  508.    Plains  near 


126         SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

Denver,  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter.  Very 
abundant  on  the  plains  around  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

EUPHORBIA  OBTUSATA,  Pursh. — Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

EUPHORBIA  DICTYOSPERMA,  Fisch.  &  Meyer. — Hall  &  Harbour,  510. 
Eastern  Colorado,  Porter. 

EUPHORBIA  MONTANA,  Engelrn.  DC.  Prod.,  15, 2d  pt..  p.  148.  Perenni- 
al, very  glabrous,  glaucous;  stems  many  from  a  thick  root- stock,  ascending, 
leafy,  shortly  branched  from  the  upper  axils  or  often  simple,  8'-15'  high ; 
leaves  scattered,  rather  thick,  subsessile,  entire,  rounded  at  base,  4"-15" 
long,  ovate,  obtuse,  the  uppermost  subverticillate ;  floral  bracts  orbiculate, 
triangular,  rarely  subcordate,  very  obtuse,  mucrouulate,  broader  than 
long;  inflorescence  umbellate,  the  rays  becoming  repeatedly  dichoto- 
mous;  involucre  turbiuate,  roughish  within,  the  lobes  oblong-linear, 
velvety;  glands  transversely  oblong,  truncate,  very  shortly  2-horned; 
styles  very  short,  bifid,  thickened  at  the  apex ;  capsule  2"  long,  ovate, 
smooth;  seeds  oblong,  superficially  pitted,  caruncle  shortly  conical. — Hall 
&  Harbour,  509;  Parry,  438.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith; 
Canby;  Meehan.  Cation  City,  Brandegee.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 
Boulder  Canon,  Clear  Creek  Canon,  and  plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

TRAGIA  NEPET^EFOLIA,  Miiller.  DC.  Prod.,  15, 2d  pt.,  p.  933.  Low,  erect 
or  ascending;  petioles  4-10  times  shorter  than  the  blade;  blade  lobate-den- 
tate  below,  otherwise  coarsely  dentate;  racemes  short;  bracts  lanceolate ; 
divisions  of  the  pistillate  calyx  ovate  or  lanceolate;  anthers  oblong;  fila- 
ments not  thickened  at  the  summit;  ovary  strigose-hirsute;  styles  con- 
nate about  one-third  their  length,  rather  shortish,  erect-spreading,  sub- 
acuminate. 

Yar.  RAMOSA,  Miiller.  DC.,  I.  c.,  934.  (T.  ramosa,  Torr.,  in  Ann.  F.  Y. 
Lye.  2,  p.  245.)  Hirsute,  erect,  much  branched,  6'-8'  high;  stem  slender, 
at  length  nagelliforni-elon gated,  weak  and  somewhat  twining;  leaves 
triangular-ovate  from  a  cordate  base  or  oftener  lanceolate,  gradually  ac- 
curninate,  8"-12"  long. — Hall  &  Harbour,  309.  Canon  City,  Brandeyee  ; 
Redjield;  Greene. 

CROTON  (HENDECANDRA)  TEXENSIS,  Miiller.  DC.  Prod.,  15,  2d  pt.,  p. 
692  ( C.  muricatus,  Eutt.)  Covered  with  a  close,  canescent,  stellate  pubes- 
cence, dichotomously  branched  and  spreading,  l°-2°  high;  leaves  peti- 
oled,  lance-ovate,  oblong  or  linear-lanceolate,  obtuse  or  acute,  I'-l-J' 
long,  entire  or  repand ;  dioecious,  racemes  of  male  flowers  short,  pedun- 
culate, somewhat  interrupted;  glands  of  the  disk  compressed  obovoid, 
not  coherent,  shortly  adnate  to  the  calyx;  filaments  pilose;  ovary  stel- 
late-tomentose,  softly  muricate;  styles  twice  or  thrice  dichotomously 
2-parted. — On  the  plains.  Hall  &  Harbour,  514.  Banks  of  the  Platte, 
near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith  ;  B.  H.  Smith  ;  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee 

ARGYROTHAMNIA1  HUMILIS,  Mull.  DC.  Prod.,  15,  732.  (Apliora 
humilis,  Eng.  &  Gr.  PI.  Lind.,  1,  p.  54.)  Stem  about  I6  high,  much 
branched,  silky  or  strigose-pubesceut,  branches  spreading,  ascending, 
compressed,  angled;  leaves  narrowed  at  the  base,  spatulate  or  obovate- 
lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate,  acute,  entire,  sparingly  pubescent,  with 
appressed  hairs;  raceme  shortened,  much  shorter  than  the  leaves,  on 
very  short  peduncles;  pedicels  of  the  male  flowers  very  short,  of  the 
fertile  thrice  shorter  than  the  calyx.— Pueblo,  Greene. 

IARGYROTHAMNIA,  Miill.  DC.  Prod.,  15.  Male  calyx  valvate;  female  imbricated. 
Petals  alternate  with  the  calyx-segments ;  evolute  or  rarely  suppressed.  Glands  of 
tlie  disk  opposite  the  divisions  of  the  calyx,  alternate  with  the  petals.  Female  disk 
hypogonous,  free ;  male  free  or  connate  with  the  stamineal  column.  Stamens  cen- 
tral, outer  ones  opposite  the  5  petals ;  anthers  dehiscent  on  each  side.  Rudiment  of 
an  ovary  none.  Ovules  1  in  each  cell ;  carpels  3, 2-valved ;  seeds  globose,  not  arilled. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  127 

URTICACEAE. 

CELTIS  OCCIDENTALS,  L.  Grayjs  Manual,  p.  443. — Canon  City,  Bran- 
degee. 

URTICA  GRACILIS,  Ait.  Gray's  Manual, p.  444. — Plains  of  the  Platte, 
Coulter. 

URTICA  DIOICA,  L.  Gray's  Manual,  p.  444. — Sierra  Madre  Eange,  at 
10,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

PARIETARIA  PENNSYLVANIA,  Muhl.  Gray's  Manual,  p.  446. — Canon 
City,  Brandegee.  Median. 

HUMULUS  LUPULUS,  L.  Gray's  Manual,  p.  446.— Hoopes.  Along  the 
Platte,  Porter.  In  the  Sierra  Madre  Eange,  at  10,000  feet  altitude,  Coul- 
ter. Webster  Canon,  Redjield. 

CUPULIFER.E. 

QUERCUS  ALBA,  L.,  var.  GUNNISONI,  Torr.  Pacif.  E.  R.  Rep.  2,  p.  130. 
Shrub  6°-10°  high;  leaves  oblong,  somewhat  coriaceous,  with  a  minute, 
yellowish,  downy  pubescence  underneath,  3'-5'  long,  with  3-4  pairs  of 
rather  narrow  oblong  subequal  lobes ;  lobes  subentire,  obtuse;  fruit  on 
a  long  peduncle;  cup  hemispherical,  about  5"  broad  and  3"  deep;  acorn 
smaller  than  that  of  Q.  alba,  usually  9"  long  and  5"  in  diameter,  some- 
times much  shorter  and  scarcely  exceeding  the  cup. — There  is  a  great 
diversity  of  views  among  botanists  as  to  the  true  position  of  this  oak. 
Mr.  Watson  (Amer.  Nat.  7,  p.  372)  regards  it  as  one  of  the  many  varieties 
of  Q.  undulata,  Torr.,  but  it  seems  so  widely  different  in  the  shape  and 
section  of  its  leaves  and  size  of  the  fruit  from  the  figure  of  that  species 
as  given  in  Ann.  X.  Y.  Lye.  2,  pi.  4,  that  we  prefer  to  retain  the  old 
name  for  the  present. — At  the  base  of  the  foot-hills,  covering  the  dry 
slopes.  The  most  common  scrub-oak.  Canby  ;  Hall  &  Harbour  ;  Porter  ; 
Coulter. 

QUERCUS  EMORYI,  Torr.,  in  Emory's  Rep.,  p.  152,  pi.  9.  A  low  shrub; 
leaves  coriaceous,  oblong,  on  very  short  petioles,  l'-2'  long,  variable  in 
size,  remotely  and  repandly  toothed,  or  in  the  younger  ones  with  deeper 
and  crowded  teeth;  teeth  short,  bristle-pointed;  glabrous  above,  yel- 
lowish-do wny  beneath;  fruit  pedunculate,  solitary  and  in  pairs;  acorn 
ovoid  or  ovoid-oblong,  mucronate ;  the  scales  appressed.— Canon  City, 
Brandegee. 

CORYLUS  ROSTRATA,  Ait. — Hall  tfc  Harbour,  516. 

BETFI.ACE.E. 

BETULA  OCCIDENTALS,  Hook.  Fl.  Bor.  Am.,  2,  p.  155.  Watson  iuKhiffn 
Rep.,  vol.  5,  p.  323,  pi.  35.  Shrub  8°-12°  high ;  branches  dark  reddish- 
brown,  sprinkled  with  resinous  warts;  leaves  I'-IJ'  long,  9//-15//  wide, 
thin,  broadly  ovate,  acute,  truncate  or  ctmeate  at  base,  smooth  above, 
lighter  colored  beneath,  petioles,  margins  and  veins  somewhat  hairy, 
not  punctate,  irregularly  toothed  or  serrate,  serratures  short  and  glandu- 
larly  mucrouate ;  petioles  slender,  3"-(j"  long ;  fruiting  ainents  cylindri- 
cal, 9//-12//  long;  peduncles  suberect,  leafy,  3"-5"  long;  scales  pubes- 
cent, ciliate,  the  lateral  lobes  divergent,  quadrangular;  seeds  with 
wings  twice  broader  than  the  body. — Hall  &  Harbour,  518;  Canby ; 
Porter.  Along  the  Platte  near  Denver,  Coulter. 

BETULA  GLANDULOSA,  MX. — "  Subalpine,"  Hall  &  Harbour,  517.  Twin 
Lakes,  Porter.  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

ALNUS  VIRIDIS,  Ait. — Hall  &  Harbour,  519. 

ALNUS  IXCANA,  \Villd. — Ute  Pass,  Porter. 


128  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA   OF    COLORADO. 

SAL.ICACE.E. 

SALIX  NIGRA,  Marsh.,  var.  AMYGDALOIDES,  Anders.  DC.  Prod.,  16,  2d 
pt.,  p.  201.  Fertile  aments  spreading,  thiekish;  scales  sparingly  pilu  ,<  ; 
leaves  broadly  lanceolate,  long  and  sharply  attenuate-acuminate,  of  leu 
subfalcate,  very  smooth,  glaucous  beneath  ;  capsules  long-pedicel<jd, 
very  glabrous.  *  Eesembles  S.  lucida. — A  shrub  or  small  tree,  conn  u>.i 
along  the  PI  a  tte. — Dr.  Smith;  Porter. 

SALIX  LONGIFOLIA,  Muhl.,  var.  ARGYROPHYLLA,  Xutt.  DC.  Prod, 
16,  2d  pt.,  p.  214.  Leaves  and  capsules  clothed  with  a  silvery-shining 
tomeutum,  becoming  glabrate  with  age, — Banks  of  the  Platte,  Dr.  Smith  ; 
B.  H.  Smith;  Porter.  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

SALIX  DISCOLOR.  Muhl. — Twin^Lakes,  at  10,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

SALIX  LIVIDA,  Wahl.,  var.  OCCIDENT ALIS,  Gr.  (S.  rostrata,  Richards.) 
— Hall  &  Harbour,  522.  Saint  Train  Canon,  Coulter. 

SALIX  CHLOROPHYLLA,  Anders. — Twin  Lakes  and  Mount  Lincoln,  at 
11,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

SALIX  CORD  AT  A,  Muhl. — Hall  &  Harbour,  524.    Near  Denver,  Coulttr. 

Var.  ANGUSTATA,  Anders. — Bear  Creek,  15  miles  west  of  Denver, 
Coulter. 

SALIX  GLAUCA,  L.  DC.  Prod.,  16,  2d  pt,,  p.  280.  Shrub  of  variable 
height,  often  low:  aments  leafy-peduneled,  cylindrical,  thickish,  rather 
dense-flowered;  scales  acutish  or  obtuse,  fulvous,  darker  at  the  apex,  vil- 
lous  with  long  white  hairs;  capsules  ovate-lanceolate,  obtusish,  densely 
snowy-torn  entose,  scarcely  pedicelled;  pedicel  about  the  length  of  the 
nectary;  style  produced,  usually  bifid;  divisions  of  the  stigmas  divari- 
cate; leaves  elliptical-lanceolate,  mostly  silky-villous  011  both  sides,  be- 
coming somewhat  glaucous  beneath,  veiny,  entire. 

Var.  SERICEA,  Anders.  Leaves  pilose  with  silvery  hairs,  broadly  oval, 
ovate,  obovate  or  lanceolate,  acute  or  obtuse,  l'-2'  long. — "  Subalpine,'" 
Hall  &  Harbour, 523.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith.  Mount  Lincoln,  at  13,000 
feet  altitude  and  White  House  Mountain,  Coulter.  South  Park,  Porter. 

Var.  PULLATA,  Anders.  Leaves  smoother,  glaucous  beneath. — Ute 
Pass  and  South  Park,  Porter.  Mount  Elbert  near  Twin  Lakes,  at  12,000 
feet  altitude,  and  Sierra  Madre  Eange,  Coulter. 

SALIX DESERTORUM,Bichards.  DO.Prod.,16,2d  pt.,p.281.  Low,2°-3° 
high;  aments  very  short,  6"  long,  subglobose,  dense-flowered;  scales 
pale  rose-color,  densely  white- villous;  capsules  ovate,  conic,  white- 
woolly,  sessile;  style  2-parted,  brown;  leaves  narrowly  oblong,  6"-12" 
in  length,  2//-4//  wide,  obtusish,  rigid,  more  or  less  white-tomentose  be- 
neath, midrib  prominent,  yellow  ;  staminate  ameiits  very  small,  2//-4// 
jong. — Mount  Elbert,  near  Twin  Lakes,  Porter. 

SALIX  ARCTICA,  Pall.,  var.  BROWNEI,  Anders.  DC.  Prod.,  16, 2d  pt.,  p. 
286.  Dwarf,  branches  decumbent  and  much  spreading;  leaves  spatulate- 
oblong,  oblong,  or  oblong-elliptical,  about  V  long;  aments  lateral  and  sub- 
terminal,  short,  6"-8"  long,  on  long,  leafy  peduncles;  capsules  mostly 
grayish-tomentose;  style  elongated;  leaves  nearly  smooth  or  hairy,  en- 
tire or  remotely  serrulate,  pale  and  very  veiny  beneath. — Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 520;  Parry.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith.  White  House  Mountain,  at 
13,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

SALIX  RETICULATA,  L.  DC.  Prod.,  16,  2d  pt.,  p.  301.  Decumbent, 
rather  stout;  branches  leafy  at  the  summit;  auieut  terminal,  very  long- 
peduncled,  densely  flowered,  narrowly  cyliudric;  peduncle  leafy;  scales 
yellowish -pink,  rounded  ovate;  capsule  oval-ovate,  sessile,  hoary  to- 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.        129 

mentose;  nectary  somewhat  cup-shaped,  surrounding  the  base  of  the 
capsule  and  often  exceeding  it;  style  very  short  or  none;  stigmas  2-cleft, 
brown,  divaricate;  leaves  6"-9"  long,  oblong  or  suborbicular,  mostly 
rounded  at  the  apex,  glaucous  beneath,  reticulately  veined,  entire,  ob- 
tuse at  base  or  subattenuate  into  along  and  slender  petiole;  sterile 
aments  2"-4//  long  and  very  loosely  flowered ;  fertile  aments  also  short, 
3"-5"  long,  densely  flowered,  on  long  naked  peduncles. — Alpine,  Hall  & 
Harbour,  521.  Sangre  de  Oisto  Pass.  Brandegee. 

POPULUS  TREMULOIDES,  MX. — Known  as  "Quaking  Asp,"  and  very 
coininon  at  middle  elevations.  Hall  &  Harbour,  527.  South  Park,  Coul- 
ter. Dr.  Smith. 

POPULUS  BALSAMIFERA,  L.,  var.  CANDICANS,  Gr. — Commonly  called 
"  Cotton  wood."  Hall &  Harbour,  526;  Dr.  Smith.  Chicago  Lakes,  Co  ul- 
ter. 

Var.  ANGUSTIFOLIA,  Watson.  King's  Rep.,  vol.  5,  327.  (P.  angusti- 
foUa,  James.  Branches  terete,  glabrous;  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  atten- 
uate at  base,  acute,  glabrous,  crenate-serrate. — Common  along  the 
Platte.  Hall  &  Harbour,  525.  Upper  Arkansas,  Porter.  Canby. 

POPULUS  ANGULATA,  Ait. — Very  abundant  along  the  Platte  near 
Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

CONIFERJg. 

PINUS  CONTORTA,  Dougl.  DC.  Prod.,  16,  2d  pt.,  p.  381.  A  low  tree, 
10°-30°  high;  bud-scales  lanceolate,  acute,  sublacerate;  sheaths  short; 
leaves  in  pairs,  l'-2'  long,  numerous,  rigid,  erect-spreading,  semi-terete 
and  deeply  channeled,  inucronate  and  subacute,  scarcely  roughish  on 
the  inargiu  ;  cones  1-4,  verticillate,  l'-2'  long,  10"-15"  wide,  ovoid,  sub- 
obtuse,  straight  or  curved,  persistent;  scales  3"-4"  wide,  with  a  shining, 
pyramidal,  4-sided  summit,  the  transverse  ridge  acute,  inucronate  with 
a  deciduous,  straightish  or  incurved  spine.  Newberry  in  Pacif.  R.  R. 
Rep.  Bot,  vol.  6,  p.  35,  pi.  5. 

Var.  LATIFOLIA,  Eng.  Mountain  form,  15°-25°  high  ;  branches  short 
and  few,  recurved  with  age;  foliage  sparse,  often  profusely  cone-bear- 
ing ;  allied  to  the  eastern  scrub-pine,  P.  inops,  which  it  closely  resem- 
bles; known  as  "Red  Pine."7  Parry  remarks:  "It  is  quite  abundant  on 
the  crest  and  slopes  of  dry  subalpine  ridges,  forming  the  principal  part 
of  the  forest  there  and  extending  to  near  the  snow-line;  asymmetrical 
tree  of  rapid  growth,  with  slim  and  tapering  trunk  a  foot  in  diameter,  a 
smoothish,  grayish-brown  bark,  detached  in  thin  scales,  and  tough  but 
coarse  wood,  which  is  liable  to  warp,  and  rarely  cut  into  boards ." 
— Mount  of  the  Holy  Cross,  Coulter.  Twin  Lakes,  Porter. 

Pmus  PONDEROSA,  Dougl.  DC.  Prod.,  1.  c.,  p.  395.  Tall,  with  wide- 
spreading  or  subpendulous  branches,  ascending  at  the  ends,  somewhat 
twisted;  bud-scales  lanceolate-acuminate,  fimbriate-ciliate  on  the  mar- 
gin; sheaths  rather  long;  leaves  in  threes,  rather  long,  4/-10/,  and  f"-l" 
broad,  clustered  at  the  ends  of  the  stout  rigid  brauchlets,  scabrous  on 
the  margin,  rather  sharply  mucrouate ;  male  aments  several,  fascicled 
in  heads,  long-cylindrical,  obtuse,  straight  or  curved;  autheriferous 
bracts  suborbicular,  crenate-flentate;  cones  3-4.  subsessile,  subpendulous, 
straight  or  conic-cylindric^'-G'  long,  lJ'-2'  wide;  scales  I'-IJ7  long,  6"-9" 
wide,  the  subrhombic  summit  elevated,  radiately  cracked,  the  trans- 
verse ridge  acute,  the  inucro  stout,  sharp  and  recurved ;  bracts  persist- 
ent, thickened;  seed  oval,  3"-5"  long,  the  wing  oblong,  obtuse,  I7  long. 
— A  stately,  symmetrical  tree,  reaching  a  height  of  70  to  100  feet,  with  a 
9  F  c 


130  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLOE  A    OF    COLORADO. 

light  red  bark,  yellowish -brown  within,  cracking  irregularly  and  cleav- 
ing into  small,  very  irregularly  shaped  scales  ;  known  commonly  as  the 
"Yellow  Pine,"  and  a  most  valuable  timber-tree.  Common  through  all 
the  lower  slopes  and  less  elevated  districts  of  the  mountains.  Newberry, 
1.  c.,  p.  36,  pi.  4. — Hall  &  Harbour;  Porter;  Coulter. 

FINDS  FLEXILIS,  James.  DC.  Prod.,  I.  c.,  p.  403.  Tree  of  medium  size ; 
lower  branches  horizontal,  upper  ones  ascending;  bud-scales  ovate, 
acuminate,  subfimbriate;  sheaths  6"  long,  of  several  ovate  and  linear- 
oblong,  obtuse,  deciduous  scales ;  leaves  l'-3'  (usually  2')  long,  J"  wide, 
in  fives,  densely  crowded  at  the  ends  of  the  branchlets,  rigid,  smooth, 
obtusely  mucronate ;  sterile  aments  numerous,  3"-5"  long,  in  a  thick, 
subterminal  spike ;  cones  resinous,  3-4,  oval-oblong  to  ovate-cylindric, 
2J'-5'  long,  l$'-2'  broad,  obtuse  ;  scales  very  broad,  8"-15",  with  a  short 
cuueate  base,  thick,  pitted  usually  on  both  sides,  the  compressed  sum- 
mit terminating  in  the  erect,  acute,  semicircular,  transverse  ridge,  and 
a  subrhonibic,  acutish  umbo;  seed  4"-5"  long,  2J"  wide,  pale-colored 
with  a  rudimentary  wing.  Bark  thin,  scaly,  reddish  or  sometimes  gray. 
Rare. — Divide  west  of  South  Park,  Porter.  Hall  &  Harbour,  529. 

PINUS  ARISTATA,  Engelm.  DC.  Prod.,  I.  c.,  p.  400.  Trans.  Acad.  Saint 
Louis,  vol.  2,  t.  5  and  6.  A  tree  of  medium  size,  40°-50°  high  and  l°-2° 
in  diameter;  in  alpine  situations  a  stunted  bush;  leaves  in  fives, 
crowded,  erect,  curving,  3-augled,  smooth,  obtusely  inucrouate,  deep 
green,  sides  marked  by  a  longitudinal,  white-glaucous  stripe  l'-2'  long; 
sterile  aments  aggregated,  oval,  bracteate  at  base ;  cones  horizontal, 
violet-brown,  ovate  or  ovate-oblong,  obtuse,  resinous,  3/-4/  long,  1J7 
broad ;  the  apophysis  of  the  scales  dark-violet,  rhombic,  not  prominent; 
transverse  ridge  acute;  umbo  small;  awn  lanceolate-subulate,  rather 
long,  straight ;  seeds  obovate-oval,  convex  on  both  sides,  nearly  twice 
shorter  than  the  obtuse,  broadish  wing. — A  species  known  only  from  the 
alpine  regions  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  of  Colorado. — Hall  &  Harbour; 
Parry;  Coulter. 

PINUS  EDTJLIS,  Engelm.  DC.  Prod.,  /.  c.,  p.,  398.  A  low,  round-topped 
tree,  branched  from  the  base  or  near  it,  10°-15°  high,  very  strongly  res- 
inous; leaves  mostly  in  pairs,  rarely  in  threes,  compressed-triqetrous, 
semiterete  and  when  dried  appearing  channeled,  always  short,  rigid, 
spreading,  curved  or  straightish,  smooth  on  the  margin,  niucronate, 
pungent,  green  on  the  back,  white-glaucous,  I'-IJ7  long  (rarely  2');  bud- 
scales  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  subentire  on  the  margin,  not  fimbriate- 
conuected,  teeth  very  short,  at  length  lacerate;  sterile  aments  several, 
small,  oblong,  obtusish,  densely  crowded  in  a  short  spike;  antheriterous 
bracts  ovate-orbicular,  nearly  entire;  cones  sessile,  subglobose,  2'  long 
and  almost  as  broad ;  apophysis  of  the  scales  raised-pyramidal,  thick, 
somewhat  3-angled,  truncate  at  the  apex,  awnless ;  seeds  in  each  scale 
2  or  solitary,  oblong,  very  convex,  subaugled,  brown,  solid,  wingless, 
3"_4//  in  length,  edible. — The  "  Pinon "  of  the  Mexicans.  A  small,  round- 
topped  tree,  branched  from  the  base  or  nearly  so  and  resembling  a  small 
apple-tree.  The  wood  is  full  of  resin  and  extremely  slow  to  decay,  thus 
furnishing  excellent  fuel  for  camp-fires.  The  nutlets,  which  are  about 
the  size  of  a  pea,  are  agreeable  to  the  taste,  with  a  slight  terebin- 
th in  ate  flavor,  and  are  much  sought  after  by  the  Indians.  It  abounds  in 
Southern  Colorado  on  the  foot-hills  and  at  lower  elevations.  Its  north- 
ern limit  in  Colorado  appears  to  be  about  ten  miles  south  of  Twin  Lakes, 
at  the  base  of  the  Snowy  Range,  and  at  Colorado  Springs,  east  of  the 
mountains.  Hall  &  Harbour,  532;  Porter  ;  Coulter. 

ABIES  ENGELMANNI,  Parry.    (Pinus  commutata,  Parl.    DC.  Prod.,  I.  c.f 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         131 

p.  417.)  Known  as  "White  Pine.77  Dr.  Parry  found  it  "composing 
almost  the  entire  forest  growth  of  the  mountain  slopes  of  Middle  Park 
about  the  head  of  Grand  River  ;  a  magnificent  tree,  80  to  100  feet  high, 
with  an  even,  columnar  trunk,  below,  2-2£  feet  in  diameter,  tapering 
upwards,  of  rapid  growth  ;  bark  scaly,  smooth,  and  quite  thin,  of  a 
purplish-brown  color,  full  of  tannin.  The  wood  is  remarkably  white 
and  soft,  free  from  knot  and  scarcely  resinous,  preferred  for  inside 
work.77 — A  tall  tree,  60°-100°  high,  becoming  much  dwarfed  at  higher 
elevations,  pyramidal  ;  branches  verticillate,  lower  horizontal,  the  upper 
ascending,  branchlets  puberulent ;  bark  light-reddish ;  wood  soft,  white ; 
leaves  solitary,  crowded,  turned  every  way,  short,  curved  or  straight, 
rigid,  compressed  4-augled,  very  short-mucronate,  smooth  on  the  angles, 
white-punctate  011  the  sides  beneath  the  green ;  sterile  anients  thick, 
ovate  or  ovate-cylindrical,  obtuse,  nearly  equaling  the  leaves;  anthe- 
riterous  bracts  almost  orbicular,  deutate-fiinbriate,  ovate-cylindrical, 
obtuse;  scales  numerous,  imbricated,  subcartilaginous,  obovate,  rhom- 
bic, subtruncate  or  einarginate,  creuulate-eroded  ;  bracts  ovate-oblong, 
obtusish,  irregularly  dentate,  3  times  shorter  than  the  scale ;  seeds  small, 
oval,  convex  on  both  sides,  3 £  times  shorter  than  the  obovate  wing ;  cones 
2J'-3'  long,  I7— 1 J'  broad,  purplish- brown  when  mature ;  nutlets  brown, 
with  an  almost  violet  wing.  Closely  allied  to  A.  nigra,  the  "Black 
Spruce 77  of  the  East. — Hall  &  Harbour  ;  Parry;  Coulter  ;  Hoopes  ;  Meehan. 
ABIES  MENZIESII,  Liudl.  (Pinm,  Par!.  DC.  Prod.,  16,  /.  c.,  p.  418.)  A 
tall  tree,  attaining  a  height  of  100  feet,  straight,  pyramidal ;  branches  sub- 
verticillate,  spreading,  upper  ones  ascending ;  leaves  solitary,  crowded, 
turned  every  way,  short,  curved  or  straight,  rigid,  thickish,  compressed, 
4-augled,  iimcrouate-pungent,  marked  on  each  side  of  the  prominent 
nerve  with  a  white  glaucous  line ;  sterile  aments,  thick,  oblong,  obtuse, 
9"-12"  long;  autheriterous  bracts  suborbicular,  cristate-dentate;  leaves 
6//-12//  long;  fertile  ameuts  oblong-cylindrical,  obtuse,  curving  ;  cones 
solitary  or  somewhat  clustered,  subsessile,  subnoddiug,  cylindrical  or 
oval,  obtuse,  2£'-5'  long,  12"-15"  wide,  light-brown,  obtuse  ;  scales  thin, 
5"_7"  wide,  oval  or  sub-rhombic,  more  or  less  elongated  above,  obtuse 
or  subemargiuate  and  erose-dentate ;  bracts  small;  seeds  V-1%"  long; 
wing  obovate,  oblong,  obtuse,  4//-6"  long,  pale. — Known  as  "  Balsam.77 
Parry  says  :  "A  finely-shaped  tree,  though  of  rather  stiff  outline,  of  rapid 
growth ;  wrood  very  compact,  but  rather  coarse-grained  aud  pitchy ;  the 
logs  taper  too  rapidly  to  saw  up  to  advantage.'7  Cones  pendulous  from 
the  ends  of  the  branches ;  leaves  stouter  than  in  any  other  allied  species, 
stiff  and  very  acute?alinost  spinescent. — Hall  &  Harbour,  533  ;  Hoopes; 
Coulter ;  Porter. 

ABIES  GRANDIS,  Liudl.  (Pinus,  Parl.  DC.  Prod,  16,  /.  c.,  p.  427.)  Tall, 
pyramidal,  with  horizontal  branches;  leaves  6"-l»"  long,  1"  broad,  nu- 
merous, in  two  rows,  spreading  or  erect,  rigid,  straight  or  curved,  more  or 
less  contracted  and  twisted  above  the  base,  obtuse  or  emarginate,  green 
and  subsulcate  above,  strongly  keeled  and  glaucous  beneath  ;  cones 
2£'-3'  long,  l¥-2'  wide,  solitary,  erect,  oblong,  obtuse,  greenish ;  scales 
7//_10"  long,  9"-12"  broad,  horizontal  and  close-pressed,  broad  cuueate 
and  unguiculate,  the  rounded  upper  margin  subreflexed  and  usually 
resinous,  pubescent,  much  exceeding  the  obcordate,  toothed,  short-mu- 
cronate bracts;  seed  3"  long,  2''  wide,  obovate,  cuueate,  angled  ;  wing 
nearly  equaling  the  scale,  somewhat  4-sided ;  bark  rather  thin,  pale 
gray  or  brownish;  wood  fine-grained  aud  tough. — Kare  in  Colorado. 
Chiann  Canon  and  Glen  Eyrie,  Porter.  Parry. 

ABIES  DOUGLASII,  Lindl.   (Pinus,  Parl.  DC.  Prod,  16, 1  c.,  p.  430.)    A 


132       .  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

tall,  pyramidal  tree,  with  horizontal,  drooping  branches  ;  leaves  solitary, 
crowded,  somewhat  2  rowed,  Q"-W  long,  £"  wide,  numerous,  straight 
or  curved,  rigid,  flat,  linear,  obtuse,  entire,  twisted  above  the  rounded 
base  ;  sterile  aments  6"-8"  long,  approximate,  the  anther-crest  short 
lanceolate,  erect  ;  fertile  aments  purple,  the  lobed  foliaceous  bracts  long- 
exserted,  usually  reflexed  ;  cones  l£'-4'  long,  I'-IJ'  wide,  somewhat 
clustered,  pendulous,  obtusish  ;  scales  concave,  rounded,  entire,  pubes- 
cent ;  bracts  long-exserted,  biiid,  the  acuminate,  suberose,  dentate  lobes, 
shorter  than  the  cuspidate  midnerve  ;  seed  3"  long,  acutely  margined,  a 
little  shorter  than  the  oblong,  obtuse  wing.  —  "  Abundant  through  the 
eastern  mountain  district,  except  on  the  higher  elevations.  A  very 
sightly  tree,  of  the  average  height  of  80  feet,  with  a  graceful  oval  out- 
line ;  the  spreading  branches  curving  upwards  at  the  extremities. 
Wood  of  slow  growth,  but  very  indifferent,  inclined  to  warp  and  crack, 
turning  reddish-brown  in  drying."  Known  as  the  "  Swamp  Pine."  —  Hall 
&  Harbour,  534  ;  Parry;  Coulter;  Porter. 

JUNIPERUS  COMMUNIS,  L.,  var.  ALPINA,  L.  —  Dr.  Smith;  Hoopes.  Twin 
Lakes  and  Long's  Peak,  Coulter. 

JUNIPERUS  VIRGINIANA,  L.  —  Hoopes  ;  Brandegee. 

UGOTJVACEJE. 

LEMNA  MINOR,  L.  —  In  the  Platte,  near  Denver,  Porter. 

TYPHACE^E. 

TYPIIA  LATEFOLIA,  L.  —  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 
SPARGANIUM  SIMPLEX,  Huds.  —  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 
Var.  ANGUSTIFOLIUM,  Eugelm.  —  Parry. 


POTAMOGETON  NATANS,  L.  —  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

POTAMOGETON   PERFOLIATUS,  L.,  var.  LANCEOLATUS,  Bobbins, 

Gratfs  Manual,  p.  488.  —  Growing  on  the  bottom  of  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 
Brandegee;  Dr.  Smith. 

AL.ISUIACE.E. 

TRIGLOCHIN  PALTJSTRE,  L.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  540.   South  Park,  Porter. 

TRIGLOCHIN  MARITIMUM,  ~L.—Hall  &  Harbour,  541.  Canon  City,  Bran- 
degee. South  Park,  Coulter;  Porter. 

SAGITTARIA  VARIABILIS,  Eng.  —  Divide  between  Denver  and  Colorado 
Springs,  Porter. 

ORCHIDACEJB. 

HABENARIA  HYPERBOREA,  E.  Br.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  535.  Mount  El- 
bert,  near  Twin  Lakes,  at  10,000  feet  altitude,  Horse  Shoe  Mountain,  and 
in  the  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter.  Ute  Pass,  Porter. 

HABENARIA  DIL  AT  AT  A,  Gr.  —  Neehan.  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 
Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Redfield. 

HABENARIA  OBTUSATA,  Lindl.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  536;  Parry.  Twin 
Lakes,  at  an  elevation  of  10,000  feet,  Coulter. 

GOODYERA  MENZIESII,  Lindl.  —  Golden,  Greene;  Eedjield. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  133 

SPIRANTHES  BOMANZOFFIANA,  Cham.—  Hall  &  Harbour,  539;  Canby  ; 
Hoopes.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Meehan.  Horse  Shoe  Moun- 
tain, at  11,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

LISTERA  CORD  AT  A,  E.  Br.  —  West  of  Denver,  Greene. 

CALYPSO  BOREALTS,  Salisb.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  537.  South  Park  ;  Wet 
Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

CORALLORHIZA  MULTIFLORA,  Nutt.  —  Green  Horn  Mountains,  Greene 

CYPRIPEDIUM  PARVIFLOBUM,  Salisb.  —  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Bran- 
degee. 

CYPRIPEDITJM  PUBESCENS,  Willd.  —  Foot-hills  near  the  Platte,  west 
of  Denver,  Coulter. 


HYPOXYS  JUNCEA,  Smith.  Sparingly  hairy;  leaves  filiform;  scapes 
1-3,  filiform,  1-2  flowered;  bracts  bristle-like,  shorter  than  the  villous 
pedicels,  divisions  of  the  perianth  oblong,  the  three  exterior  ones  green- 
ish and  hairy  without;  partitions  of  the  capsule  vanishing  at  maturity; 
seeds  black,  minutely  pitted.  Scape  4'-9'  long,  at  length  procumbent. 
Flowers  9//-12//  wide.  —  Grape  Creek,  Brandegee. 

IRIDAf  E,E. 

IRIS  TENAX,  Dougl.  ?  —  Dr.  Smith;  Brandegee;  Hall  &  Harbour,  542. 
SISYRINCHIUM  BERMUDIANA,  L.  —  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.     Bear 
Creek,  Coulter. 

SMII.ACE  JE. 

SMIL  AX  ROTUNDIFOLIA,  L.  —  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 


ZYGADENUS  GKLAUCUS,  Kutt.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  550;  Canby  ;  Porter. 
Mount  La  Plata,  at  11,000  feet  altitude,  and  Mount  Lincoln,  at  13,000 
feet,  Coulter. 

ZYGADENUS  ^UTTALLII,  Gr.  (Amianthium  Xuttallii,  Gray.  Var.  a. 
Ann.y.  Y.  Lye.,  4,  p.  123.)  Bulb  tunica  ted;  stem  8/-20/  high,  slender,  with 
several  elongated  narrowly-linear  bracteiform  leaves,  which  are  semi- 
amplexicaul  or  the  lower  slightly  sheathing;  lower  leaves  2//-4//  wide, 
folded-carinate,  usually  shorter  than  the  stem,  rough  on  the  margin  ; 
raceme  simple,  usually  very  short,  l'-3'  long,  rarely  10';  flowers 
crowded,  bracteate,  on  slender,  elongated  pedicels  ;  lower  bracts  usually 
foliaceous,  the  upper  membranous;  sepals  lj^-3"  long,  ovate-  ellipti- 
cal, very  obtuse,  abruptly  narrowed,  and  slightly  glandular  at  base; 
ovary-cells  12-14  ov  tiled;  capsule  oblong-ovate,  (V  long;  seeds  2J"  long, 
oblong.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  551.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Clear 
Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 

STREPTOPUS  AMPLEXIFOHUS,  DC.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  543.  Bear 
Creek,  Coulter. 

S3HLACINA  RACEMOSA,  Desf.,  var.  AMPLEXICAULIS,  Watson.  King's 
Rep.,  vol.  5,  p.  345.  (8.  amplexicauUs,  Nutt.  Jour.  Acad.,  Phil.  7,  p.  58.) 
Leaves  closely  sessile  and  amplexicaul,  shortly  acuminate  or  only  acute; 
style  at  least  half  as  long  as  the  ovary  and  equaling  the  stamens.  Dis- 
tinguished at  once  from  the  usual  form  by  its  less  acuminate  sessile 
leaves  and  longer  style  and  filaments.  —  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 
Along  the  Platte,  near  Denver,  Coulter. 


134  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

SMILACINA  STELLATA,  Desf.— Hall  &  Harbour,  544.  Wet  Mountain 
Valley,  Brandegee.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith ;  B.  H.  Smith.  Colorado 
Springs,  Porter  ;  Meehan.  Saint  Vrain  River,  Clear  Creek  and  Middle 
Boulder,  Coulter. 

LILIUM  PHILADELPHIOUM,  L. — Bear  Creek  and  Platte  Eiver,  just 
within  the  foot-hills,  Coulter.  Chiann  Canon,  Porter. 

CALOCHORTUS1  GuNNisoNi,  Watson.  King's  Rep.,  vol.  5,  p.  348, 
fC.  venustus,  var.  Torr.  Bot.  Gunnison's  Rep.  Pac.  R.  R.  Surv.,  2,  p.  130.) 
Petals  rounded  at  the  apex,  white  above,  yellowish -green  below  the 
middle  and  dark  purple  at  base,  strongly  bearded  with  lougish,  gland- 
tipped  hairs,  which  are  also  dark  purple  at  base,  the  densely  hairy 
£  laud  transverse  and  occupying  nearly  the  whole  width  of  the  petal ; 
aathers  5"  long,  rather  exceeding  the  somewhat  dilated  filaments,  ob- 
long-lanceolate, subcordate  at  base,  narrowed  above  into  an  awn-like 
termination  or  acute;  immature  capsule  narrowly  oblong,  attenuate 
above.  Stem  6'-20'  high,  simple,  1-4  flowered  with  1-3  narrowly  linear, 
revolute  leaves,  2/-4/  long,  the  radical  ones  (1-few)  longer  (8'-12',)  and 
usually  broader  (4".) — Hall  &  Harbour,  549 ;  Parry.  Denver,  B.  H. 
Smith.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Meehan.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Pleas- 
ant Park,  South  Park,  and  Weston's  Pass,  Coulter. 

LLOYDIA2  SEROTINA,  Reich.  'Kunth.  Enum.,  4,  p.  244.  Stem  1-2  flow- 
ered, slender,  erect  or  ascending,  2'-5'  high;  radical  leaves  filiform, 
equaling  or  longer  than  the  stem,  somewhat  rigid,  triangular,  semi- 
terete  or  teretish,  cauline  ones  short,  linear-lanceolate,  amplexicaul  and 
somewhat  sheathing ;  sepals  4//-5//  long,  obovate,  with  3  purplish  lines. 
— Alpine.  Pike's  Peak.  Hall  &  Harbour,  552 ;  Porter.  Gray's  Peak, 
at  1,200  feet  altitude,  Coulter;  Red  field. 

ERYTHRONIUM  GRANDIFLORUM,  Pursh.  Leaves  4/-8/  long,  l'-2£' 
wide,  oblong  or  elliptic-lanceolate,  somewhat  rough-margined,  not  spot- 
ted or  punctate  ;  scape  6'-l5'  high,  1  (or  more)  flowered;  segments  yel- 
low, O^-lo"  long,  narrow-lanceolate,  acuminate,  reflexed;  stigma  capitate 
or  more  or  less  3-cleft  and  spreading;  capsule  9"-18"  long,  4"-5"  wide, 
oblong  or  obovoid,  subtriangular,  on  a  short  stipe. — White  House  Moun- 
tain, at  13', 000  feet  altitude,  August,  in  flower,  and  Sierra  Madre  Range, 
at  11,000  feet,  in  fruit,  Coulter. 

'CALOCHORTUS,  Pursh.  (Including  Cydobothm,  Sweet.)  Perianth  6-parted,  regular, 
deciduous,  ventricose  or  broadly  campanulate  ;  sepals  distinct,  convolute  in  aestivation, 
the  outer  smaller,  often  greenish,  oblong  or  lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  spreading, 
usually  beardless,  the  inner  broadly  obovate,  cuneate  and  subunguiculate,  bearded 
within  and  with  a  glabrous  spot  or  nectariferous  pit  above  the  base.  Stamens  6,  in- 
serted at  the  base  of  the  sepals.  Filaments  subulate.  Anthers  linear-oblong,  deeply 
perforated  at  the  base  for  the  insertion  of  the  filament,  erect,  versatile.  Ovary  free, 
triangular,  scarcely  attenuate  at  the  apex,  3-celled  with  numerous  horizontal  anatro- 
pous  ovules  in  two  rows.  Stigmas  3,  sessile  or  sub-sessile,  narrow,  folded,  recurved, 
persistent.  Capsule  triangular,  coriaceous-chartaceous,  septicidally  3-valved.  Seeds 
usually  in  one  row,  somewhat  compressed,  angular,  with  a  loose,  cellular  testa. 
Embryo  straight,  terete,  eccentric. — Herbs  with  tunicated  bulbs,  erect,  somewhat 
branched,  leafy,  few-flowered  stems,  narrow  and  acuminate  leaves,  and  terminal 
flowers. 

2  LLOYDIA,  Salisb.  Perianth  6-parted,  regular,  persistent ;  sepals  distinct,  subequal, 
spreading,  with  a  transverse  margined  nectariferous  fold  above  the  base,  imbricate  in 
aestivation.  Stamens  6,  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  sepals,  erect-spreading ;  filaments 
subulate-filiform ;  anthers  oblong,  rounded  at  the  apex,  deeply  perforated  at  the  emar- 
ginate  base  for  the  insertion  of  the  filament,  erect,  versatile,  longitudinally  dehiscent 
along  each  margin.  Ovary  free,  clavate-oblong,  triangular,  3-celled,  the  ovules  nu- 
merous, in  two  rows,  horizontal,  anatropous.  Style  persistent ;  stigma  rather  thick, 
shortly  3-lobed.  Capsule  ob ovate-elliptical,  triangular,  papyraceous,  loculicidally 
3-valved  at  the  apex.  Seeds  in  two  rows  in  each  cell,  flattened,  with  a  brown,  mern- 
branously  margined  testa  and  very  small  embryo. — Bulbous  herbs,  stem  simple,  leafy; 
leaves  narrow  and  grass-like ;  flowers  erect,  white,  with  purple  or  greenish  veins. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  135 

LEUCOCRINUM  l  ZNIOXTANUM,  "KTutt.  Leaves  6'-8'  long,  l"-3"  wide, 
flat  or  somewhat  folded  toward  the  base,  thick,  finely  striate-veined, 
decumbent-,  outer  bracts  broad,  acute  or  obtuse,  the  inner  narrower  and 
elongated;  flowers  4-8,  much  shorter  than  the  leaves  ;  peduncles  J'-lj' 
long,  all  radical,  one-flowered;  tube  persistent,  l'-2'  long,  filiform,  seg- 
ments of  the  limb  6"-12"  long,  oblong-lanceolate,  acute;  anthers  linear, 
about  "2"  long;  style  equaling  the  filaments;  capsule  3"-4"m  diameter. 
— Abundant  on  the  plains  east  of  the  mountains.  A  charming  little  plant 
with  delicate,  snow-white,  fragrant  flowers  which  appear  in  early 
spring. — Hall  &  Harbour,  548.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee.  Plains  around  Denver,  Coulter.  Watson  in  King's  Rep., 
vol.  5,  pi.  36. 

ALLIUM  CERXUTTM,  Roth.— Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs 
and  South  Park,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Hall  &  Harbour,  547  ; 
Meehan;  Canby.  Common  on  the  plains  near  Fairplay,  Coulter. 

ALLIUM  RETICULATUM,  Fraser.  Watson  in  Rev.  King's  Rep.,  vol. 
5,  p.  486.  Coats  densely  fibrous;  pcape  6'-15'  high,  sub  terete;  leaves 
very  narrowly  linear,  elongated;  umbel  few-many-flowered,  spread- 
ing; stamens  and  style  shorter  than  the  usually  acute  (3"-4"  long) 
sepals;  capsule  crested,  crest  mostly  short ;  very  variable. 

Var.  «,  (Watson.)  Low,  6'-8'  high;  sepals  3"  long,  white  or  slightly 
pinkish,  acuminate. — Hall  &  Harbour,  545.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Bran- 
degee. Monument  Park,  Coulter. 

Var.  £,  (Watson.)  Taller,  10'-15'  high,  slender;  bulb  less  densely 
fibrous;  sepals  white  or  pink,  37/— 4"  long,  acuminate  and  strongly  cari- 
uate,  sometimes  but  little  exceeding  the  stamens. — Hall  &  Harbour,  546. 

Var.  Y-)  (Watson.)  Like  the  last,  but  the  pedicels  rather  more  slender; 
sepals  usually  more  recurved  and  the  whole  lower  stem  with  the  bulb 
thickly  fibrous-coated. — Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Weston's 
Pass,  Coulter. 

YUCCA  A^GrUSTiFOLiA,  Pursh.  Engelm.  Rev.  in  King's  Rep.,  vol.  5, 
p.  496.  Stems  none  or  short;  leaves  narrowly  linear,  scarcely  nar- 
rowed above  the  broad  base,  rigid,  spiny-pointed,  nearly  flat  above, 
convex  below,  with  very  slender  marginal  fibres,  1J°-2J°  long;  flowers 
spiked;  petals  broad-ovate,  IJ'-lf  long;  stigmas  half  as  long  as  the 
ovary,  sessile,  erect;  capsule  cylindric-ovate,  thick,  obtuse,  short-pointed, 
dry,  erect,  septicidally  3-valved  from  the  apex,  the  valves  at  last  again 
divided  at  tip;  seeds  very  thin,  smooth,  large,  5"-l"  in  diameter,  with  a 
wide  margin;  albumen  not  ruminated. — Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter; 
Porter.  Along  the  base  of  the  foot-hills,  and  called  by  the  Mexicans 
"Soap  Weed." 

JUNCACE.E. 

LUZULA  SPADICEA,  DC.,  var.  PARVIFLORA,  Ledeb.  (L.  parviflora, 
Desv.,  var.  melanocarpa,  Gr.  in  Manual,  p.  536.) — Hall  &  Harbour.  555. 
Mount  Lincoln,  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  and  Clear  Creek  Canon,  Coulter. 

1  LEUCOCRINUM,  Xutt.  Perianth  corolline,  salver-shaped,  marcesceut ;  tube  very 
slender,  elongated ;  limb  6-parted,  regular.  Stamens  6,  nearly  equal ;  filaments  adnate 
to  the  tube  nearly  the  whole  length,  filiform;  anthers  erect," becoming  curved,  linear, 
2-celled,  attached  by  the  emarginate  base,  introrse,  with  a  lateral  dehiseence.  Ovary 
globose-ovate, 3-celled ;  ovules  about  12 in  each  cell, in  2  rows,  horizontal  or  subpendul*  >us, 
on  short  foot-stalks.  Style  filiform,  undivided ;  stigma  dilated  into  a  somewhat  tri- 
angular cup.  Capsule  .subglobose,  obtusely  triangular,  membranous,  loculicidally  de- 
hiscent. Seeds  5-6  in  each  cell,  in  2  rows,  subglobose. — A  perennial  acaulescent  herb, 
with  a  short,  thick  subterranean  root-stock  and  fleshy  spreading  elongated  rootlets ; 
leaves  thick,  linear,  surrounded  at  base  by  membranous  bracts ;  flowers  white,  pe- 
duncled. 


136  SYNOPSIS  or  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

LUZULA  SPICATA,  Desv. — Hall  &  Harbour,  554.  Calion  City,  Brande- 
gee.  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

JUNCUS  BALTICUS,  Deth.,  var.  MONTANUS,  Eng.  Trans.  St.  Louis 
Acad.,  vol.  2,  p.  442.  Sepals  of  nearly  equal  length,  inner  ones  more 
obtuse;  anthers  4  times  the  length  of  the  very  short  filament;  capsule 
ovate-pyramidal,  angled,  beaked;  seeds  smaller,  narrower  and  longer 
pointed. — Abundant  everywhere  in  damp  grounds,  on  the  plains  and  in 
the  mountains.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Hall  &  Harbour,  567 ;  Porter. 

JUNCUS  DKUMMOINDII,  E.  Mey.  Eng.  Rev.,  I.  c.,  p.  445.  Csespitose ; 
stems  l°-lj°  high,  terete,  filiform;  sheath  bristle-pointed;  spathe  ^'-IJ' 
long,  mostly  surpassing  the  simple,  about  3-flowered  panicle;  sepals 
lanceolate,  acute,  or  the  outer  ones  acutish  and  scarcely  longer  than 
the  inner  ones,  more  than  twice  exceeding  the  6  stamens,  3"  or  more 
long;  anthers  linear,  a  little  longer  than  the  filament;  stigmas  shorter 
than  the  slender,  prismatic  ovary  crowned  with  a  very  short  style, 
included;  capsule  ovate-oblong,  triangular,  retuse,  3-celled,  equaling 
or  a  little  shorter  than  the  sepals;  seeds  ovate,  striate-reticulate,  long 
tailed,  the  body  3",  including  the  tails,  V  long. — Hall  &  Harbour,  563. 

JUNCUS  HALLII,  Engelm.  Rev.,  I  .c.,  p.  446.  ( J.  arcticus, Willd.,  var. gra- 
cilis,  Hook.?)  Caespitose;  stems  6/-12/  high,  terete,  filiform,  much  longer 
than  the  setaceous,  terete  leaves;  leaves  2/-5/  long,  grooved  just  above 
the  sheath;  spathe  scarcely  or  a  little  surpassing  the  subsimple,  few- 
flowered,  contracted  panicle;  sepals  lanceolate,  acute, 2"  long,  outer  ones 
a  little  longer,  twice  exceeding  the  6  stamens;  stigma  subsessile,  equal- 
ing the  ovate  ovary,  included;  capsule  ovate,  angled,  retuse,  3-celled, 
scarcely  exserted,  deep  brown;  seeds  oblong-linear,  5"-$"  long,  striate- 
reticulated,  long  tailed,  body  3"  long. — Found  only  by  Hall  &  Harbour, 
near  Lake  Kanch,  Colorado,  562. 

JUNCUS  PAKBYI,  En  geln.  Rev.,  1.  c.,  p.  446.  Ca?spitose;  stems  very 
thin  and  wiry,  4'-cV  long;  leaves  sulcate  one-half  or  two-thirds  their 
length,  terete  above;  spathe  surpassing  the  very  simple,  1-3-ilowered 
panicle;  sepals  2£"-3£"  long,  lanceolate-subulate,  the  outer  ones  longer, 
bristle-pointed,  3  times  longer  than  the  6  stamens;  anthers  linear,  2-3 
times  longer  than  the  filament;  stigmas  scarcely  equalling  the  linear- 
prismatic  ovary,  attenuated  into  the  style,  included;  capsule  prismatic, 
very  acute,  brown,  exserted,  3-celled;  seed  oblong,  delicately  striate- 
costate,  1"  in  length,  long  tailed,  body  about  4"  in  length. — Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 561.  Parry,  3t>0.  White  House  Mountain,  at  11,500  feet  altitude, 
Coulter. 

JUNCUS  TRIGLUMIS,  L.  Eng.  Rev.,  1.  c.,  p.  448.  Stem  naked;  leaves 
radical,  subulate,  somewhat  terete,  channeled  at  base;  flowers  capi- 
tate in  a  terminal,  erect  head,  about  3;  sepals  rather  obtuse,  shorter 
than  the  oblong,  obtuse,  mucronate  capsule;  filaments  many  times 
longer  than  the  anthers. — Hall  &  Harjour,  557.  Parry,  395.  Alpine. 

JUNCUS  CASTANEUS,  Sm.  Eng.,  I.  c.,  p.  448.  Stein  2-leaved ;  radical 
leaves  subulate,  the  upper  part  flattened;  head  terminal,  solitary; 
flowers  2-3;  sepals  3"  long,  lanceolate,  acute,  shorter  than  the  oblong, 
obtuse  capsule;  anthers  linear,  pointed,  half  as  long  as  the  filaments; 
stigmas  exsert;  seeds  oblong;  body  4"-5"  long,  with  the  tailed  appen- 
dages 1.6"  or  more  long.  Alpine. — Hall  &  Harbour,  560.  Parry,  358. 

JUNCUS  VASEYI,  Engelm.  Ren.  1.  c.,  p.  448.  Crespitose;  stems  l°-2° 
high,  slender,  rigid,  striate,  covered  with  brown  sheaths  at  base,  sometimes 
1  eaf- bearing ;  leaves  elongated,  setaceous,  terete,  striate,  sulcate  toward 
the  base;  spathe  equaling  or  rarely  longer  than  the  small,  contracted 
panicle;  panicle  £'-!'  long,  green;  sepals  equal,  lanceolate,  2"  long,  outer 


SYNOPSIS    OF   THE    FLORA   OF    COLORADO.  137 

ones  subulate-tipped,  inner  ones  broader,  mucronate,  more  than  twice 
longer  than  the  6  stamens ;  anthers  equaling  the  filaments;  stigma  scarcely 
equaling  the  ovate  ovary  with  its  short  style,  included;  capsule  straw- 
colored,  ovate,  retuse, 3-celled7  equaling  or  a  little  longer  than  the  sepals; 
seeds  very  slender,  body  about  3"  long,  and  with  the  appendages,  5"-7" 
long. — Hall,  fide  Engelmarm. 

Juxcus  TENTHS,  Willd. — Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee. 

Juxcus  BUFOXIUS,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour •,  559.  Upper  Arkansas,  Porter. 
On  the  Platte,  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

Juxcus  LONGISTYLIS,  Torr.  Bot.  Bound  Surv.,  p.  223.  Eng.  Rev.,  I.  c., 
p.  453.  (J.  Menziesii,  Gr.  in  PL  Parry.,  p.  34,  and  PL  Hall  &  Harbour,  p.  77.) 
Stems  2°  high,  caespitose,  stolon  Herons,  terete,  somewhat  minutely  scab- 
rous above,  leafy;  leaves  flat,  grass-like;  heads  few,  clustered  in  a  con- 
tracted panicle,  l£'-3'  long  or  rarely  single;  3-8  or  12-flowered,  flowers 
2V '-3"  long,  the  larger  ones  greenish,  with  brown  stria3,  smooth,  pediceled ; 
sepals  equal,  ovate-lanceolate,  very  acute  or  cuspidate,  twice  longer  than 
the  stamens;  ovary  equaling  the  stamens  and  style;  stigma  exserted; 
capsule  ovate,  obtuse,  mucronate  or  rostrate,  chestnut-colored,  shining; 
3  celled,  equaling  or  a  little  longer  than  the  calyx;  seeds  oblanceolate 
or  obovate,  acute  at  each  end,  costate-reticulate,  .25//-.27//  long. — The 
most  common  Juncus  in  the  mountains  next  to  J.  Balticus,  var.  monta- 
nus. — Hall  &  Harbour,  566.  Denver,  Dr.  Smith  ;  B.  H.  Smith.  South 
Park,  Canby.  Twin  Lakes,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Meehan. 
Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

JUNCUS  ALPINUS,  Vill.,  var.  INSIGKNIS,  Fries.  Eng.  Rev.,  1.  c.,  458,  (J. 
articulatus,  L.,  var.  pelocarpus,  Gr.) — Hall  &  Harbour ;  558;  Canby. 

JUNCUS  NODOSUS,  L.,  var.  ME&ACEPHALUS,  Torr. — Denver,  Dr.  Smith; 
B.  H.  Smith.  Caiion  City,  Brandegee. 

JUNCUS  MERTENSIANUS,  Bong.  Eng.  Rev.,  L  c.,  p.  479.  (J.  ensifolius, 
Hook.  Gr.  in  PL  Hall  &  Harbour.)  Stem  from  a  thick,  creeping  root- 
stock,  csespitose,  7/-14/  high,  compressed,  weak;  leaves  aversely  com- 
pressed, usually  J"-l"  wide,  sheath  auricled;  flowers  15-25,  dark  brown, 
pediceled,  single,  rarely  2-3  in  a  rather  loose  head,  ±"-6"  broad ;  sepals 
ovate-lanceolate,  the  outer  acuminate-subulate,  the  inner  obtuse  and 
mucronate  or  rarely  acute  and  equaling  the  outer  ones,  exceeding  the 
3-6  stamens,  equaling  the  broadly-obovate,  obtuse,  mucronate  capsule; 
anthers  oblong  or  oblong-linear,  usually  mucronate,  equaling  the  fila- 
ment or  shorter;  style  mostly  shorter  than  the  obtuse  ovary;  seeds 
oblauceolate,  obovate,  fusiform,  short-tailed  at  each  end,  reticulate- 
costate. — Hall  &  Harbour,  565.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Ute  Pass,  Por- 
ter. Mount  Lincoln,  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  White  House  Mountain,  at 
11,000  feet,  and  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Redfield. 

JUNCUS  XIPHIOIDES,  E.  Mey.  Eng.  Rev.,  I.  c.,  p.  481.  Stem  l°-4°high, 
from  a  thick  creeping  rhizoma,  erect,  2-edged ;  leaves  compressed  and 
equitant;  flowers  about  1J"  long,  pediceled,  few  or  many  in  few  or 
many  heads ;  sepals  lanceolate,  subulate-acuminate,  equal  or  the  inner 
ones  more  obtuse,  shorter,  nearly  twice  longer  than  the  6  (rarely  3) 
stamens,  usually  equaling  the  angular,  acute,  mucronate  or  beaked  cap- 
sule; anthers  oblong-linear,  almost  equaling  the  filament;  ovary  ovate, 
attenuate  into  the  shorter  style;  stigma  subexserted ;  seeds  ovate-ob- 
lauceolate,  .25//-.26//  long,  pointed  at  each  end,  reticulated  and  trans- 
versely lined. 

Var.  MONTANUS,   Engelm.     Lower,   J°-2°   high;    leaves    narrower, 


138  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

^"-IJ"  wide,  mostly  auricled  at  base  ;  heads  3-10  flowered,  paler,  rather 
numerous  and  panicled  ;  flowers  a  little  smaller,  the  inner  petals  shorter 
and  mostly  acute,  the  outer  ones  equaling  the  loug-inucronate  capsule. 
—  Hall  &  Harbour,  564  ;  Canby. 


COMMELYNA  YiRGiNiCA,  L.  —  Purgatory  Eiver,  Dr.  Bell. 
TRADESCANTIA  VIRGHNICA,  L.  —  On  the  plains,  Dr.  Smith;  B.  H. 
Smith.    Along  the  Platte,  Coulter;  Redfield. 

CYPERACE^. 

CYPERUS  TNFLEXUS,  Muhl.—  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee.  South  Park,  Porter;  Redfield. 

CYPERUS  SCHWEINITZII,  Torr.  —  "  Low  Mountain  s,"  Hall  &  Harbour, 
584.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter;  Red- 
field. 

HEMICARPHA  SUBSQUARROSA,  ISTees.  —  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Bran- 
degee. 

ELEOCHARIS  OLIVACEA,  Torr.  —  Greeley,  Greene. 

ELEOCHARIS  PALUSTRIS,  E.  Br.  —  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

ELEOCHARIS  OOMPRESSA,  Sulliv.  —  Pueblo,  Greene. 

ELEOCHARIS  ACICULARIS,  E.  Br.  —  Near  Denver,  along  the  Platte,  Dr. 
•Smith. 

SCIRPUS  PAUCIFLORUS,  Lightfoot.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  582. 

SCIRPUS  C^ESPITOSUS,  L.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  583  ;  subalpine. 

SCIRPUS  PUNG-ENS,  Vahl.  —  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

SCIRPUS  VALIDUS,  Vahl.  —  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee. 

SCIRPUS  MARITIMUS,  L.  —  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

SCIRPUS  SYLVATICUS,  L.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

SCIRPUS  ATROVIRENS,  Muhl.  —  Hall. 

ERIOPHORUM  POLYSTACHYON,  L.  —  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

FIMBRISTYLIS  LAXA,  Vahl.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  '581. 

ELYNA1  SPICATA,  Schrad.  (Kobresia  scirpina,  Willd.)  Csespitose  ; 
stems  numerous,  1°  high,  slender,  striate-angled  ;  leaves  filiform  ;  spike 
1'  long,  somewhat  clavate.—  South  Park,  Hall  &  Harbour,  598  and  599. 

CAREX  NiaRiCANS,  Meyer.  Spike  solitary,  oblong,  staminate  at  top  ; 
stigmas  3  or  rarely  2  ;'  perigynium  ovate,  stipitate,  ventricose,  shining, 
gradually  attenuated  into  a  beak,  sometimes  few-toothed,  nerveless, 
spreading  or  at  length  reflexed,  rusty-colored,  with  an  entire  obliquely- 
cut  mouth,  about  equaling  the  dark-brown,  oblong,  obtuse  scale  ;  the 
lowest  scale  rarely  subleafy  ;  achenium  unequally  3-sided.  Boots  creep- 
ing ;  culms  6/-12/  high.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  609. 

CAREX  PYRENAICA,  Wahl.  Spike  solitary,  densely  flowered,  stam- 
inate at  top,  elliptic,  rusty-brown;  stigmas  3,  rarely  2;  perigynium  fusi- 
form or  lanceolate,  gradually  attenuate,  long*stipitate,  nerveless,  coni- 

1  ELYNA,  Schrad.  Spikelets  2-flowered,  covered  by  a  bract.  Scale  single,  its  mar- 
gins connate  at  base.  Hypogoiious  setae  none.  Pistillate  flower  of  the  spikelets  be- 
low, style  1,  stigmas  3.  Nut  3-angled,  short-mucronate  by  the  persistent  base  of  the 
style.  Upper  flower  staminate,  short  pediceled.  Stamens  3.  Koch  Fl.  German. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         139 

pressed,  triquetrous,  shining,  at  length  horizontally  spreading  or  re- 
flexed,  rusty -colored,  the  orifice  cleft  in  front  with  its  hyaline  margins 
infolded,  longer  than  the  acute-lanceolate  or  obtuse-oblong  rusty-brown 
scale;  lowest  scale  rarely  subleafy;  acbenium  unequally  triquetrous. 
Caespitose;  root  fibrous. — Hall  &  Harbour,  608. 

CAREX  HALLII,  Olney.  Hayderfs  Rep.,  1871,  p.  496.  (C.  Parryana, 
Boott,  in  part.)  Monoecious  or  dio3cious;  sometimes  with  two  erect 
spikes,  one  staminate  and  one  pistillate,  or  with  1-3  spikes  all  pistillate ; 
terminal  spike  much  the  largest,  lower  one  often  remote  and  subtended 
by  a  leafy  bract;  scales  lanceolate  or  lance-ovate,  brown,  with  a  white 
midrib,  entire,  not  ciliate,  longer  and  narrower  than  the  obovate,  smooth, 
many-nerved  perigynium;  stigmas  3. — Hall  &  Harbour,  617. 

CAREX  SCIRPOIDEA,  MX. — Hall  &  Harbour,  610.  South  Park,  Porter 
and  Canby. 

CAREX  POLYTRICHIOIDES,  Muhl. — Hall  &  Harbour,  603. 

CAREX  AFFINIS,  R.  Br.  u  Spike  solitary,  staininate  at  top  ;  stigmas 
3 ;  scales  acute,  lanceolate,  the  lower  awned.  Near.  C.  polytriclioides, 
Muhl."  Olney  in  King's  Rep.,  vol.  5,  p.  3V2.—  Vasey,  591. 

C  A.REX  OBTUSATA,  Lilj.  Terminal  spike  solitary,  linear,  androgynous, 
staminate  above ;  stigmas  3 ;  scales  shorter  than  the  perigynium ; 
perigynium  ovate-elliptical,  turgid,  shining,  with  a  smooth, " terete, 
acuminate,  bifid  beak,  white  and  diaphanous  at  the  apex,  leaves  linear, 
flat.— Hall  &  Harbour,  606. 

CAREX  BACKII,  Boott. — Hall&  Harbour,  612. 

CAREX  FLLIFOLIA,  Nutt. — Ca3spitose ;  spikes  simple,  androgynous, 
staminate  above,  subcylindric,  acute ;  perigynium  subglobose,  entire  at 
the  orifice;  scales  retuse;  leaves  filiformly-involute,  shorter  than  the 
culm.  Xutt.  Gen.,  vol.  2, p.  204.— Hall  &  Harbour,  605.  Ute  Pass,  Porter 

CAREX  PAUCIFLORA,  Lightfoot. — Hall  &  Harbour,  607. 

CAREX  DISTICIHA,  Hudson. — South  Park,  Porter. 

CAREX  COXJD:;OTA,  Boott. — Along  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

CAREX  MURICATA,  L.,  var.  GRACILIS,  Boott,  in  part.  Spikes  ches- 
ntit-colored,  narrow,  ovate,  with  4-6  ovate  few-flowered  spikelets  ;  leaves 
lax,  long  and  narrow. — Hall  &  Harbour,  592.  Weston's  Pass,  Coulter. 

CAREX  DOUGLASII,  Boott.  Boot  creeping;  culm  6/-12/high;  spike 
dioecious,  with  about  12,  sometimes  more,  ovafe  spikelets,  the  upper 
closely  aggregated,  the  lower  occasionally  remote  and  compound;  bracts 
sometimes  setaceous,  broad  at  base,  sometimes  scale-like  and  mucronate; 
style  exserted,  stigmas  2,  very  long;  perigynium  elliptic-lanceolate  or 
ovate,  tapering  to  a  long  serrated  bifid  beak,  shorter  than  the  lanceolate 
acute  scale  ;  achenium  orbicular. — Near  Long's  Peak,  Coulter. 

Var.  MINOR,  Olney.    (C.  petasata,  Dew.,  in  Hay  den's  Xebraska  Plants. 
Spikes  small,  not  closely  aggregated;  perigynium  and  scale  small. — Hall 
&  Harbour,  600. 

CAREX  SICCATA,  ~Dew.—Hall  &  Harbour,  593. 

CAREX  MARCIDA,  Boott.  Culm  l°-2°  high,  rigid ;  leaves  broad,  linear, 
erect;  spike  oblong,  pale,  composed  of  numerous  small  ovate  aggregated 
androgynous  spikelets,  stamiuate  at  top,  the  lower  spikelets  compound; 
stigmas  2;  perigynium  tawny,  sub-orbicular,  or  ovate  tapering  to  a  bifid 
beak,  plano-convex,  nerved,  winged,  the  upper  margins  Berratnl,  short- 
stipitate,  nearly  equal  to  the  acute  ovate  scale,  which  is  of  a  pale  straw- 
color  with  a  white  membranous  margin ;  achenium  tawny,  lenticular, 
contracted  at  base. — Hall  &  Harbour ,  Greene. 


140         SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

CAREX  TENELLA,  Schk. — Hall  &  Harbour,  601. 

CAREX  CANESCENS,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  602. 

CAREX  DEWEYANA,  Schw. — Hall  &  Harbour,  596. 

CAREX  GAYANA,  Dew.  Boott,  III.,  pt.  3,  p.  126,  t.  411.  Spike  (some- 
times wholly  pistillate)  ovate,  capitate,  fuscous-ferrugineous;  spikelets 
staminate  at  the  apex  or  wholly  staminate  or  pistillate,  many,  closely 
crowded,  lower  ones  compound ;  bracts  setaceous  shorter  than  the  spike; 
stigmas  2;  perigynia  somewhat  rounded,  with  a  short  conic  beak,  orifice 
very  small,  hyaline,  deeply  cleft  before,  scabrous  on  the  margins  above, 
shining,  spongy,  chestnut-colored;  scale  ovate,  acuminate,  cuspidate, 
brown-ferruginous,  with  a  whitish  hyaline  apex  broader  and  longer  than 
the  perigynium. — Hall  &  Harbour,  595. 

CAREX  STELLULATA,  L.,  var.  SCIRPOIDES,  Carey. — Wet  Mountain 
Valley,  Brandegee. 

CAREX  BONPLANDII,  Kunth.  Spikes  of  8-12  blackish-purple  or  rusty 
spikelets,  more  or  less  bracted,  staminate  at  base ;  stigmas  2 ;  perigynium 
ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  gradually  tapering  to  a  beak,  the  orifice  entire 
and  deeply  cleft  in  front,  wingless,  more  or  less  serrate  on  the  margins 
at  the  apex,  nerved,  plano-convex,  equaling  the  ovate  subacute  scale; 
acheniuni  oblong-ovate,  contracted  at  base, "biconvex  and  apiculate. 

Var.  MINOR,  Gluey.  Spikelets  small,  fewer ;  bracts  scale-like. — Hall 
&  Harbour,  591. 

CAREX  LEPORINA,  L.  Fl.  Suec.  Koot  woody-fibrous,  spike  oblong, 
tawny-brown,  composed  of  5-6  (rarely  more)  nearly  round  or  obovate 
spikelets,  staminate  at  base,  alternately  contiguous,  sometimes  aggre- 
gated into  an  elliptical  head,  the  highest  club-shaped;  bracts  sometimes 
filiform,  not  equal  to  the  spikelets;  stigmas 2;  perigynium  ovate,  gradu- 
ally tapering  to  a  beak  from  an  ovate  base,  the  orifice  obliquely  cut, 
winged,  and  serrated  upon  the  margins  above  the  middle,  nerved  upon 
both  sides,  tawny,  quite  equaling  the  ovate-lanceolate  acute  scale, 
which  is  whitish-hyaline  with  tawny  margins ;  "acheniurn  oblong,  lenticu- 
lar, stipitate,  shining,  chestnut-colored,  apiculate  at  the  base  of  the 
style. — Colorado,  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  Vasey,  fide  Olney. 

CAREX  FESTIVA,  Dew.  Csespitose;  spike  ovate  or  nearly  round, 
naked  or  bracteate,  composed  of  6-12  nearly  round  androgynous  spike- 
lets,  stamiuate  at  base,  closely  aggregated  in  to  ahead;  stigmas 2;  perigy- 
nium ovate-elliptical,  tapering  to  a  beak,  the  whitish-hyaline  orifice  ob- 
liquely cut  anteriorly  and  finally  bideutate,  slightly  nerved  on  both 
sides,  winged,  serrated  on  the  margins  above  the  middle,  rusty-tawny, 
a  little  exceeding  or  about  equaling  the  lanceolate  obtuse  whitish-hya- 
line rusty-margined  scale ;  acheniumoblong-obovate,  abruptly  apiculate, 
rusty-colored. — Hall  &  Harbour,  589  and  590.  Ute  Pass,  Porter.  White 
House  Mountain  and  Mount  Lincoln,  at  12,OUO  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 
Breckeiiridge,  Brandegee.  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith.  Pike's  Peak,  Canby. 

CAREX  STENOPHYLLA,  Wahl.  Csespitose,  4'-6'  high,  stolouiferous 
from  the  base ;  spikes  androgynous,  staminate  above,  aggregated  in  an 
ovate  or  oblong  head ;  stigmas  2;  perigynium  ovate,  convex  on  the  back, 
9-11-ner^ed,  serrulate-scabrous  on  the  margin;  beak  white-membran- 
aceous  at  the  apex,  emarginate  on  the  back;  scales  acute;  culm  smooth, 
somewhat  scabrous  above. — Hall  &  Harbour,  597. 

CAREX  ATHROSTACHYA,  Olney.  Root  fibrous;  culm  l°-2°  high, 
leafy;  spike  ovate,  straw-colored,  rusty-tinged,  composed  of  8-20 
crowded  spikelets,  the  lowest  sometimes  forming  a  remote  distinct 
head;  bracts  3-5,  leafy,  involucre-like,  expanded  at  base  into  a  hyaline 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  141 

margin,  the  lowest  much  longer  than  the  culm  ;  stigmas  2 ;  perigynium 
ovate-lanceolate,  tapering  into  along  bifid  beak,  spongy  at  base,  winged, 
serrate  and  waved  on  the  margins,  slightly  nerved,  shorter  than  or 
nearly  equaling  the  ovate-lanceolate  acuminate  scale,  which  is  mem- 
branous with  bright  rusty-colored  margins. — Colorado,  587,  Vasey. 

CAREX  ADUSTA,  Boott. — Hall  &  Harbour. 

CAREX  STRAMINEA,  Schk. — Denver,  B.  H.  Smith.  Near  Colorado 
Springs,  Porter. 

CAREX  TENERA,  Dew.  Cului  15'-30'  high,  slender,  somewhat  5-sided, 
leafy  towards  the  base;  leaves  much  shorter  than  the  culm  ;  spikelets 
3-5  small,  somewhat  clavate,  distant,  nodding  or  erect;  perigynia  ovate, 
compressed,  beaked,  subulate,  nerved,  ciliate-serrate,  longer  than  the 
oblong-lanceolate  scale. — The  erect  form,  No.  14  of  Olnetfs  Carices  Bor.- 
Am. — Hoopes. 

CAREX  LIMULA,  Fries.,  (not  of  Gray's  Manual.)  Culm  2°-2J°  high, 
acutely  angled  ;  leaves  erect,  flat,  rough  on  the  margins,  the  sheathing 
base-leaves  not  flbrillose;  spikelets  erect,  3—4,  the  terminal  one  (or  some- 
times two)  staininate,  the  remainder  pistillate,  often  with  staminate 
flowers  at  the  apex,  oblong,  cylindrical,  the  lowest  pedunculate;  bracts 
leafy,  surpassing  the  culm,  with  small  blackish  auricles;  stigmas  2; 
perigynium  oblong,  compressed,  faintly  nerved,  exceeding  or  equaling 
the  black  oblong  single-nerved  scale ;  acheniurn  obovate,  compressed 
— Colorado,  at  11,300  feet  altitude,  Vasey,  582. 

CAREX  JAMESII,  Torr.  Whole  plant  glaucous ;  culm  8'-20'  high ; 
leaves  broad,  leathery,  shorter  than  the  culm,  arnplectant  at  base,  the 
lower  spreading  and  then  incurved,  with  pale  sheaths ;  spikelets  5-6, 
the  lowest  sometimes  pedunculate  or  rarely  radical  on  a  long  peduncle, 
the  two  upper  ones  staminate,  blackish  purple,  (the  stamens  brick-col- 
ored,) the  lower  one  small;  pistillate  spikelets  3,  sometimes  4,  oblong, 
cylindrical,  densely  flowered,  the  uppermost  sometimes  with  a  few  male 
flowers;  bracts  leafy,  not  usually  sheathing,  the  lowest  some  times  short- 
vaginate  and  exceeding  the  culm ;  stigmas  2 ;  perigynium  obovate, 
strongly  nerved,  glaucous  or  light-brown,  the  beak  bidentate  or  emar- 
ginate  with  the  mouth  slightly  ciliated  or  toothed,  longer  than  the  pur- 
plish-black scale,  which  has  a  greenish-white  midrib ;  achenium  orbic- 
ular.— Monument  Park,  Porter.  Weston's  Pass  and  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

Var.  Gluey.  (C.  Nebraskensis,  Dew.)  Koot  stoloniferous ;  culm  16'- 
24'  high  ;  leaves  broad,  leathery,  erect,  nearly  equaling  the  culm  ;  spikes 
rusty-colored  ;  perigyuia  spreading,  shorter  the  acute,  lanceolate,  dark- 
rusty  scales. — Greene.  Oak  Creek,  Brandeyee. 

CAREX  RIGIDA,  Good. — Hall  d*  Harbour,  588  in  part. 

CAREX  BUXBAUMII,  Wahl.— Hall  &  Harbour,  619. 

CAREX  ATRATA,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  588  in  part.  South  Park,  Canby. 
Mount  La  Plata,  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  and  Mount  Lincoln,  at  the  same 
elevation,  Coulter. 

Yar.  OYATA,  Boott.  Spikes  3,  oblong  (the  lower  pedunculate  with  few 
staminate  flowers)  dark  purple ;  perigynia  glaucous-green. — Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 5^5.  Summit  of  Pike's  Peak,  Canby. 

Var.  NIGRA,  Boott.  Spikes  subrotund,  crowded  or  aggregated  or  the 
lowest  distinct,  sessile ;  perigynia  oval  or  elliptical,  cylindrically-rostrate, 
toothed  on  the  margins  of  the  beak,  especially  above ;  stigmas  2-3. 
— Hall  &  Harbour,  577.  Gray's  Peak,  J)r.  Smith.  Canby;  Brandegee  ; 
Meehan.  White  House  Mountain,  at  11,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 


142         SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

CAREX  ALPINA,  Vahl.—  Rail  &  Harbour,  618.  Chicago  Lakes,  at  12,000 
feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

CAREX  AUREA,  Nutt.  —  Mouut  La  Plata,  at  11,  000  feet  altitude,  Coulter. 

Var.  ANDROGKYNA,  Olney.  Culms  short,  more  rigid;  leaves  erect, 
broader  ;  upper  spikes  more  closely  aggregated  and  deuser  flowered,  the 
upper  spike  generally  androgynous,  having  more  or  less  fertile  flowers 
at  the  top.  —  Colorado,  Dudley's  Ranch,  E.  L.  Greene. 

CAREX  GEYERI,  Boott.  (C.  pliyllostachya,  Dew.,  in  Bot.  Mex.  Bound., 
not  of  Meyer.)  Spike  simple,  androgynous,  the  top  cylindric  and  stam- 
inate,  pale,  at  length  bright-rusty,  with  1-5-pistillate  flowers  at  the  base, 
remote  and  erect  with  the  rachis  ;  stigmas  3  ;  perigynium  oval-trigon- 
ous, produced  at  base,  short-beaked,  entire  at  the  oriflce,  whitish-hya- 
line, membranous,  smooth,  with  two  prominent  nerves,  shorter  than  the 
broad-ovate,  obtuse  or  acute  sheathing  cuspidate  or  foliaceous  scale,  which 
is  whitish  with  a  green  nerve.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  611. 

CAREX  TORREYI,  Tuckerinan.  —  Clear  Creek,  near  Golden  City,  E.  L. 
Greene. 

CAREX  Eossn,  Boott.  Spikelets  4-5,  pale,  few-flowered,  the  terminal 
one  stamiuate,  the  rest  pistillate,  each  of  3-6  alternate  and  distinct  flow- 
ers, the  upper  3  spikes  approximate,  the  lower  remote,  exsertly  but  un- 
equally long-pedunculate;  and  upper  bract  surpassing  the  culm,  the 
lower  sheathed,  and  all  but  the  lower  short-peduueled  ;  stigmas  3;  peri- 
gynium oval,  stipitate,  long  beaked,  bifid,  pubescent,  nerveless,  equaling 
the  ovate-lanceolate  acute  or  cuspidate  scale  ;  acheniuin  globose-  trian- 
gular, obtuse.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  020. 

CAREX  OAPILLARIS,  L.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  613. 

CAREX  PENNSYLVANIA,  Lain.  —  Ute  Pass,  1872,  Porter. 

CAREX  LANUGINOSA,  MX.  —  South  Park,  Canby.  Ute  Pass,  Porter. 
Caiion  City,  Brandegee.  Meehan. 

CAREX  TJTRICULATA,  Boott.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  615;  B.  H.  Smith; 
Brandegee. 

Var.  MINOR,  Boott.     "  Swamps  on  low  mountains,"  Canby. 

CAREX  LONGIROSTRIS,  Torr.,  var.  MINOR,  Boott.  Culm  short  ;  spike 
shortened;  beak  shorter.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  614. 


ALOPEOURUS  ALPINTJS,  Sm.  English  Fl.  1.  p.  81.  Culm  erect,  smooth, 
6'-l°  high  ;  palet  about  equaling  the  rather  acute  glumes  ;  awn  exserted 
more  than  half  its  length,  slightly  bent  but  not  twisted;  glumes  3-ribbed, 
covered  on  the  back  with  long,  dense,  white  hairs;  upper  leaf  much 
shorter  than  its  inflated  sheath.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  683.  Gray's  Peak, 
Dr.  Smith. 

ALOPECURUS  ARISTULATUS,  MX.—  Hall  &  Harbour,  682.  Monument 
Park,  Coulter.  Platte  Kiver,  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee. 

PHLETJM  ALPINUM,  L.  —  Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith;  Meehan.  Twin  Lakes, 
Porter.  Saugre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegee.  Sierra  Madre  Kange,  at 
11,000  feet  altitude,  Weston's  Pass  and  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

VILFA  CRYPTANDRA,  Torr.  fSporobolus  cryptandrus,  Gray  J  On  the 
plains  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee.  Hall  &  Harbour,  648. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  143 

VILFA  AIROLDES,  Trin.  (Sporobolus,  Torr.)  Like  the  last,  but  the 
panicle  at  length  much  exserted,  very  open  and  widely  spreading; 
flowers  all  on  distinct  pedicels;  sheaths  naked  at  the  throat  or  somewhat 
bearded;  leaves  mostly  erect  and  involute. — Canon  City,  Brandegee. 
Hall  &  Harbour,  647. 

VILFA  ASPERIFOLIA,  Nees  &  Meyen.  Culms  branching  at  base  from 
running  root-stocks,  decumbent  and  often  rooting,  6'-15'  long,  glabrous; 
the  smooth,  naked  sheaths  equaling  or  exceeding  the  internodes ;  leaves 
flat,  rough  on  the  margins,  l'-3'  long,  V  broad,  acuminate,  tapering  up- 
ward from  a  broad  base,  erect ;  branches  of  the  loose,  spreading  panicle 
capillary,  solitary,  axils  naked;  spikelets  less  than  V  long,  often  2-flow- 
ered;  glumes  slightly  unequal,  hispid  on  the  back,  acute,  one-third 
shorter  than  the  nearly  equal  palets ;  lower  palet  submucronate,  the  upper 
obtuse. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Hall  &  Harbour,  641;  Redfield. 

VILFA  RAMULOSA,  H.  B.  K.  Steud.  Gram.,  158.  Root  annual,  fibrous; 
culms  very  slender,  branching  from  the  base,  3'-10'  high;  sheaths 
usually  longer  than  the  iuternodes,  glabrous  or  slightly  hairy ;  leaves 
flat  or"  con  volute,  l'-2'  long,  J"-l"  wide,  roughish;  panicle  elongated  and 
rather  narrow,  often  sheathed  at  base;  brauchlets  scattered ;  spikelets 
scarcely  %"  long,  obtusish,  on  spreading,  finely  capillary  pedicels ;  glumes 
nearly  "equal ;  palets  obtuse,  nearly  twice  longer. — Divide  between  Den- 
ver and  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Hall  &  Harbour,  643. 

VILFA  CUSPLDATA,  Torr. — Hall  &  Harbour,  661. 

VILFA  DEPAUPERATA,  Torr.  ,  Root  perennial,  creeping:  culms  ascend- 
ing, appressed,  branched,  slender,  often  geniculate,  glabrous,  striate, 
rather  rigid,  ^°-2°long ;  leaves  l'-3'  long,  narrow  and  usually  convolute, 
recurved  or  spreading;  panicle,  very  slender,  and  contracted,  l'-3'  long, 
compound  or  often  nearly  simple ;  spikelets  small ;  glumes  unequal,  ovate, 
obtuse  or  acutish,  membranous,  §  the  length  of  the  acute  lower  palet. — 
Like  the  former,  but  differs  in  its  short  obtuse  glumes,  smaller  flowers, 
narrower  involute  leaves  and  more  slender  habit. — Hall  &  Harbour,  660. 
South  Park,  Canby.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Divide  between 
Denver  and  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

VILFA  TRICHOLEPIS,  Torr.  Pacific  R.  E.  Rep.,  vol.  4,  p.  155.  Culms 
erect,  simple,  terete,  9'-lS'  high,  tufted;  nodes  distant;  sheaths  glabrous  ; 
ligule  truncate;  leaves  V1  broad,  glabrous;  branches  of  the  oblong,  rather 
dense  panicle  alternate",  naked  in  the  axils;  branchlets  flexuose ;  pedicels 
longer  than  the  spikelets ;  glumes  nearly  equal,  acutish,  J  shorter  than  the 
nearly  equal  pilose  palets  ;  lower  palet  3-uerved. — Hall  &  Harbour,  631. 
Pike's  Peak,  Canby.  South  Park,  Porter. 

AGROSTIS  SCABRA,  Willd.— Mt.  Elbert,  at  10,000  feet  altitude,  and 
Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter.  Twin  Lakes,  Porter.  Canon  City,  Bran- 
degee. 

AGROSTIS  EXARATA,  Trin.  Steud.  Gram.,  165.  Root  biennial,  fibrous ; 
culm  simple,  erect,  l°-2°  high;  ligules  obtuse,  l"-2"  long;  leaves  flat, 
linear,  (l"-3"  wide,  2/-4'long,)  the  radical  ones  narrower,  somewhat  sca- 
brous; panicle  usually  contracted  and  dense,  2'-4'  long,  the  rays  3-5  or 
more  at  each  axil,  seini-verticillate,  flowering  from  the  base,  erect ;  glumes 
acute  or  sub-acuminate,  scabrous  on  the  back,  slightly  unequal,  l"-2" 
long;  lower  palet  usually  nearly  a  half  shorter,  erose- truncate,  very 
rarely  awued  above  the  middle,  glabrous  or  a  little  hairy  at  base,  the 
upper  one  a  little  smaller  than  the  ovary. — Colorado,  Vasey. 

AGROSTIS  CAXINA,  L. — Hall  tl*  Harbour,  671. 

AGROSTIS  VULGARIS,  With. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Hoopes. 


144        SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

MuHLENBERaiA  PUNGENS,  Thurber,  Proc.  Acad.  Phil,  March,  1863,  p. 
78,  Note.  Culm  from  a  creeping  root-stock,  l°-lj°  high;  leaves  rigid, 
COD  volute,  pungent,  spreading,  I'-l^'  long,  less  than  I"  wide;  ligule 
short,  ciliate;  panicle  3'-4'  long;  branches  solitary,  scattered,  naked  at 
base,  fasciculately  branching;  pedicels  capillary,  minutely  scabrous, 
many  times  longer  than  the  spikelets,  awn  2J"  long;  glumes  almost 
equal  or  nearly  equal,  acuminate  or  bristly-apiculate,  £  shorter  than 
the  flower;  palets  naked,  furnished  with  a  minute  rudiment;  lower 
palet  scabrous,  acute,  produced  into  a  long,  rough  awn,  (J'-l',)  upper 
palet  scarcely  shorter;  nerves  excurrent,  two-bristled;  stamens  3. — Hall 
&  Harbour,  632. 

MUHLENBERGIA  GRACILLIMA,  Torr.  Bot.  Whippl.,  Pacif.  R.  R.  Rep. 
4,  p.  155.  Csespitose,' glabrous;  culm  simple,  6/-12/  high;  leaves  very  nar- 
row, involute,  short,  I'-IJ',  mostly  in  radical  tufts;  ligule  elongated, 
cleft;  panicle  5'— 6'  long,  pyramidal,  capillary;  branches  sub-solitary, 
widely  spreading;  pedicels  nearly  twice  longer  than  the  spikelet;  spike- 
lets  lanceolate,  mostly  purplish,-  1£"  long;  glumes  acute,  lanceolate, 
scarcely  twice  shorter  than  the  palets;  lower  palet  glabrous,  3-uerved, 
minutely  bind,  with  a  straight  awn  of  equal  length;  callus  naked. — Oii 
the  plains. — Hall  &  Harbour,  642.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canon 
City,  Brandegee. 

MUHLENBERGIA  GRACILIS,  Triu.  Steud.  Glum.,  179.  Boot  fibrous ; 
culm  erect,  slender,  branching  from  the  base,  1°— 1J°  high,  minutely 
scabrous,  as  well  as  the  sheaths ;  node  smooth  ;  leaves  erect,  narrowly 
linear,  l/-4/  long,  plane  or  convolute, rigid,  retrorsely  scabrous;  panicle 
contracted,  S'-W  long;  branches  solitary,  appressed ;  pedicels  very  short 
or  equaling  the  spikelet;  lower  glume  1— nerved,  acute,  upper  1-nerved, 
erose-obtuse  or  acute,  sometimes  bearing  an  awn,  twice  longer  than  the 
palets  or  a  little  shorter ;  lower  palet  wholly  pilose,  or  the  middle  of  the 
back  and  margins,  bearing  an  awn  4//-9//  in  length,  upper  one  on  the 
nerves  short-pilose  half-way  up. — Hall  &  Harbour,  064;  Canby ;  Bran- 
degee ;  Meehan.  Ute  Pass  and  South  Park,  Porter. 

MUHLENBERGIA  TEXANA,  Thurb.  in  Gram.  Mex.  Bound,  ined.  "Culms 
geuiculately  decumbent,  branching;  panicle  ovoid,  few  flowered,  ravs 
solitary  or  in  pairs,  naked  below,  pedicels  equaling  or  twice  as  long  as 
the  spikelets;  glumes  shorter  than  the  floret,  cariuately  1-uerved,  set- 
aceously  mucrouate;  palets  pilose,  the  lower  terminated  by  an  awn 
thrice  its  length  and  equaled  or  exceeded  by  the  upper  one;  callus  con- 
spicuous, glabrous. — This  species,  which  seems  to  be  very  common  in 
Texas  and  Arizona,  is  quite  distinct  in  habit  from  others  of  the  genus. 
The  slender  and  branching  culras  are  from  one  to  two  feet  long,  often 
decumbent  for  their  whole  length  and  geniculate  at  the  nodes;  sheaths 
usually  shorter  than  the  internodes,  mostly  smooth;  ligule  y  long, 
lacerate;  leaves. (except  in  specimens  from  the  arid  table-lands  of  Ari- 
zona) plane,  I'-l^'  long,  3"  wide  at  base,  setaceously  acuminate  at  apex, 
and  scabrous,  especially  above;  panicle  about  3'  long  and  2'  broad,  green 
or  dark-red,  included  at  base  except  when  old,  its  branches  naked  below 
for  £  or  J  their  length  and  1-3  flowered;  spikelets  \\"  long;  glumes 
narrowly  lanceolate,  upper  slightly  longer. — Texas,  Bigelow ;  Parry; 
Wright,  734.  Arizona,  Hayes ;  Goues ;  Palmer."  Fremont  County,  Col- 
orado, Brandegee;  Greene. 

MUHLENBERGIA  SYLVATICA,  T.  &  G.,  var.  (?)  SETIGLUMIS,  Watson, 
Kimfs  Rep.  Culms  1°  high,  nearly  erect;  panicle  contracted  nearly  as  in 
M.  glomerata  ;  the  branches  solitary  and  densely  flowered,  mostly  to  the 
base ;  glumes  attenuate  into  a  scabrous  bristle,  2 J"-3"  long ;  the  palet, 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA   OF    COLORADO.  143 

with  its  awn,  about  twice  longer. — Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee. 

YASEYA1  COMATA,  Thurber.  Proc.  Acad.  Phil,  March,  1863,  p.  79. 
Culms  l°-2°  high,  erect,  slender,  from  a  creeping  rhizoma,  retrorsely  pu- 
bescent at  the  nodes;  sheaths  scabrous,  as  long  as  the  iuternodes;  ligule 
short,  fringed;  leaves  3'-4'long,  dull  green, rough  on  both  sides;  panicle 
lead-colored,  '6'-^'  long;  branches  solitary,  appressed,  densely  flowered; 
spikelets  short-pediceled,  compressed,  lj"  long,  pubescent;  glumes  nar- 
row, very  acute,  serrulate  on  the  keel,  lower  one  a  little  longer;  awn 
rough  and  flexuose,  purplish,  3"-4"  long. — Hall  &  Harbour. 

CALAMAGROSTIS  CANADENSIS,  Beauv. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Twin 
Lakes  and  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

CALA3IAGROSTIS  STRICTA,  Trin. — Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Divide 
between  Denver  and  Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

CALAMAGROSTIS  SYLVATICA,  DC.  Gray,  Proc.  Am.  Acad.  6,  p.  £0. 
Root  creeping;  culm  simple,  erect, rather  rigid,  glabrous  or  scabrous  be- 
low the  panicle;  leaves  mostly  revolute,  scabrous;  panicle  contracted, 
2'-4/  long,  the  brauchlets  erect ;  glumes  ovate-lanceolate,  sharply  acu- 
minate, about  3"  long;  lower  palet  scabrous,  rather  rigid,  awnednear 
the  base,  hairs  about  one-fourth  as  long  as  the  palet;  rudiment  elon- 
gated, plumose;  awn  bent  and  twisted,  exceeding  the  glum  es.— Denver, 
Dr.  Smith;  B.  H.  Smith ;  Canby.  Caiioii  City,  Brandegee.  Along  the 
Platte,  Coulter. 

CALAMAGROSTIS  LONGIFOLIA,  Hook. — Xear  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Col- 
orado Springs,  Porter.  Sierra  Mojado,  Brandegee. 

ORYZOPSIS  MICRAXTHA,  Thurber.  ( Urach ne  micrantlia,  Trin. )  u  Leaves 
linear-setaceous,  convolute;  branches  of  the  panicle  in  pairs,  many-flow- 
ered; spikelets  shining,  florets  smooth,  a  little  shorter  than  the  linear, 
acutish  glumes,  awn  about  thrice  longer  than  the  glumes ;  cells  of  the 
anthers  naked  at  the  apex.-' — Steud.  Glum.,  122. — Hall  &  Harbour, 
63 4.  Chiann  Canon  and  Glen  Eyrie,  Porter. 

ERIOCOMA2  CUSPIDATA,  Nutt.  Perennial ;  culms  l°-2°  high,  simple, 
rather  rigid  and  somewhat  scabrous;  sheaths  scabrous,  equaling  the 
internodes,  the  upper  ones  often  dilated ;  leaves  narrow,  convolute, 
elongated,  (2/-18/ ;)  panicle  frequently  included  at  base,  dichotomously 
branched,  the  spikelets  solitary  upon  capillary  peduncles;  glumes  2£//-4'/ 
long,  usually  more  or  less  purple,  pubescent;  outer  palet  deep  brown, 
\y  long,  the  nearly  straight  triquetrous  awn  \^"—2"  long. — Hall  &  Har- 
bour, 633.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  On  the  plains  and  in  the  mountains, 
Porter.  Platte  River,  near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

STIPA  MONGOLICA,  Turcz.  (Ptilayrostis  Mongollca,  Griseb.  in  Ledeb.  FJ. 
Ross.} — Slender,  1°  high,  with  filiform  leaves  and  a  loose  few-flowered 
panicle;  the  membranous  glumes  obtuse,  about  2"  long,  sub-equal,  pur- 

'VASEYA,  Thurber.  Spikelets  1-nowered,  membranous-herbaceous,  in  a  narrow 
crowded  panicle.  Glumes  1-nerved,  equaling  or  exceeding  the  flowers,^arly  equal,  the 
lower  usually  a  little  longer.  Callus  oblique,  densely  bearded  with  silky  Murs  equaling  the 
flower.  Palets  equal,  the  lower  3-nerved,  attenuate  into  a  long  awn,  the  upper  aoiz- 
miuate.  Stamens  3.  Ovary  stipitate.  Stigmas  plumose  with  long  simple  hairs.  Per- 
ennial from  running  root-stocks. 

-ERIOCOMA,   Nutt.     Spikelets  1-flowered,  in  a  loose,   open  panicle.     Glumes 
nearly  equal,  strongly  3-nerved,  subventrieose  at  bast-,  attenuate-rostrate  above,  some- 
what exceeding  the  pei-sistent  flower.     Callus  short,  thick.     Palets  rigid,  coriaceous, 
the  outer  oval,  densely  covered  throughout  with  long,  white,  silky  hairs,  and  terminated 
with  a  short,  stout  deciduous  awn,  the  upper  included,  narrower,  scarcely  sh«>n«  r. 
Stamens  2-3;  anthers  oblong-linear,  bearded  at  the  apex.     Scales  c<;nspicuous,  ix.nly 
equaling  tlie  oblong  seed. 
10  FC 


146        SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

plish,  and  the  scarcely  shorter  bairy  palet  ending  in  a  bent  plumose  awn, 
6"  in  length.— Hall  &  Harbour,  648. 

STIPA  SPARTEA,  Trin.— -Colorado  Springs,  Porter. '  South  Park,  Canby, 
Meehan.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Redfield. 

STIPA  vraroULA,  Trin,,  Steud.  Gram.,  129,  Culms  stout,  strict,  and 
with  the  narrow  sheaths  scabroiis  or  sometimes  glabrate,  1°— 3j°  high, 
the  nodes  naked;  leaves  elongated,  mostly  narrow  and  involute,  l"-3" 
broad,  scabrous;  panicle  narrow,  contracted,  3'-10'  long,  the  erect 
branches  2-3  together,  flowering  from  the  base  or  some  of  them  naked 
below;  glumes  nearly  equal,  3"-4J"  long,  narrowly  acuminate;  lower 
palet  2J"-3//  long,  short-pilose  at  the  obtusish  base,  appressed-pubeseent 
above,  and  with  a  pilose  crown  at  the  apex ;  awn  about  V  long,  twisted 
and  geniculate,  minutely  scabrous. — Hall  &  Harbour,  626.  Kear  Denver^ 
Dr.  Smith.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Median.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter! 

ARISTIDA  PURPUREA,  Nutt.  Steud.  Gram.,  134.  Perennial;  culms 
C'-IS'  high,  simple,  erect,  slender,  mostly  glabi'ous;  sheaths  narrow, 
scabrous,  exceeding  the  intern  odes,  pilose  at  the  throat;  leaves  very 
narrow,  convolute,  |'-10'  long;  panicle  slender,  erect  or  flaccid,  3'-6'  long, 
loosely  few-flowered;  glumes  purplish,  the  upper  6"-9" long,  about  twice 
exceeding  the  lower,  and  longer  than  the  flower,  bind  and  shortly  awned ; 
flower  densely  short-pilose  at  the  pointed  base,  scabrous  above,  6"  long, 
the  awns  equal  or  nearly  so,  separate  to  the  base,  not  jointed,  l"-2" 
long,  scabrous. — Hall  &  Harbour,  652.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Caiion 
City,  Brandegee.  Colorado  Springs  and  South  Park,  Porter. 

AKISTIDA  OLIGANTHA,  MX. — Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

SPARTINA  CYNOSUROIDES,  Willd. — Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

SPARTINA  ORACILIS,  Trin.,  Steud.  Gram. ,214.  Culms  l°-3° high,  ex- 
ceeding the  spreading  distichous  leaves,  which  are  very  rough  upon '.the 
margins,  mostly  convolute,  the  upper  ones  distant  and  shorter;  ligules- 
ciliate ;  spikes  4-10,  oblong,  mostly  sessile,  appressed  to  the  nearly  smooth 
rachis ;  glumes  very  unequal,  the  lower  acuminate,  the  upper  acute  and 
equaling  the  obtusish  palets,  4"  long,  the  glumes  and  lower  palet  cili- 
ate,  hispid  upon  the  keel. — Hall  & Harbour,  639.  CaQon  City,  Brandegee. 
South  Park,  Porter.  In  saline  soils. 

PLEURAPBis1  JAMESII,  Torr.  Steud.  Gram.,  218.  Roots  perennial, 
creeping;  culms  1°-1J° high, branching  at  base,  erect,  slender,  slightly 
scabrous,  hairy  at  the  nodes,  with  the  leaves  glaucous;  sheaths  close, 
scabrous,  hairy  at  the  throat,  the  ligule  laciniate;  leaves  I'-G'  long, 
mostly  convolute,  rigid,  scabrous,  the  upper  ones  short  and  pungent ; 
spike  2/-3/  long,  erect,  the  internodes  of  the  flexuous  rachis  shorter  than 
the  erect  (4"  long)  spikelets ;  flowers  short-pediceled  or  nearly  sessile 
in  the  glumes;  glumes  of  the  perfect  spikelet  ciliate,  earinate,  cleft  nearly 
•to  the  middle,  the  lobes  1-nerved  on  the  inner  margin,  with  3-5  interme- 
diate bristles,  the  central  one  longer ;  palets  exceeding  the  glumes,  the 
lower  3-nerved,  bifid  at  the  apex,  short-cuspidate,  the  upper  a  little 
shorter,  2-nerved  and  slightly  bifid  ;  scales  linear,  entire  j»  glumes  of  the 
sterile  spikelets  equaling  the  palets.  the  lower  ciliate,  slightly  2-cleft, 

1  PLEITBAPHIS,  Torr.  Flowers  spicate  j  the  spikelets  sessile  by  threes  at  each  joint  of 
the  rachis,  surrounded  at  base  by  an  involucre  of  soft,  spreading  hairs;  the  lateral  ones 
ataniiiiatc,  the  central  perfect.  Glumes  of  the  perfect  spikeleta  '2,  1-flowered,  equal, 
narro  w-cnneat*r  deeply  2-eieft,  3-5  bristled  ;  palets  membranous,  the  lower  short-awned 
at  the  apex.  Glumes  of  the  sterile  spikelets  2, 2-floweredr  lanceolate,  inequilateral,  the 
lower  1-awned  upon  the  back ;  p alerts  membranous,  awnless.  Stamens  3,  with  very 
short  filaments.  Germ  ovate;  styles  2,  distinct,  the  elongated  stigmas  simply  plu- 
mose. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLOEA  OF  COLORADO.        147 

awned  above  the  middle,  the  outer  side  2-nerved,  the  inner  margin 
much  narrower  and  infolded,  the  upper  glume  emarjrinate  or  erose,  cus- 
pidate with  a  strong  mid-nerve,  the  broader  outer  side  also  2-3-uerved  ; 
pa-lets  emarglnate  or  irregularly  toothed  at  the  apex,  the  lower  3-nerved, 
the  upper  2  nerved.  —  Greene. 

BOUTELOUA  OLiGrOSTACHYA,  Torr.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  636.  Near  Den- 
ver, Dr.  Smith.  B.  H.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs,  Porter.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee.  Common  on  the  plains. 

BOUTELOUA  HIRSUTA,  Lag.  —  South  Park,  Canby. 

BOUTELOUA  CURTIPEXDULA,  Gray.  —  Hall  &  Harbour.  Colorado 
Springs,  Porter. 

BrcHLOE1  DACTYLOIDES,  Engelm.  —  Trans.  Saint  Louis.  Acacl.,  vol. 
1,  p.  432,  pi.  12and  14.  Densely  tufted,  spreading  by  stolons,  forming- 
broad  mats;  culms  3'-6'  long;  flowering  stems  of  the  male  plant  4'-6' 
long,  glabrous  or  slightly  hairy;  leaves  2'-4'  long,  J"-!^'  wide,  nearly 
smooth  ;  sheaths  striate,  glabrous,  strongly  bearded  at  the  throat:  spikes 
3"-6"  long;  spikelets  alternate  in  2  rows,  uppermost  abortive,  bristle- 
form,  2//-3//  long;  lower  glume  ovate  lanceolate,  with  a  scarious  margin  ; 
upper  glume  twice  longer,  ovate  ;  lower  palet  convex,  3-nerved,  upper 
one  2-nerved,  two  minute  scales  at  the  margin  and  inside  of  the  lower 
palet  ;  stamens  3.  Stems  of  the  female  plant  much  shorter  than  the 
leaves,  lt^-2'  high;  heads  3"-3£"  long;  glumes  becoming  ligneous; 
spikes  or  heads  usually  2;  at  maturity  becoming  thick,  extremely  hard, 
including  the  loose  grain.  —  The  celebrated  "buffalo-grass,"  known  to 
hunters  and  trappers  as  one  of  the  most  nutritious  grasses,  on  which  for 
a  part  of  the  year  subsist  and  fatten  the  immense  herds  of  buffalo  and 
the  cattle  of  the  hunter  and  emigrant.  It  extends  on  the  elevated  plains 
from  the  British  Possessions  southward  and  westward  into  Mexico  and 
Xew  Mexico.  ETuttall,  who  had  only  the  male  plant,  referred  it  to  the 
genus  Scsleria,  and  described  it  as  8.  dactyloides  (Gen.  1,  p.  64.)  Steudel 
founded  another  genus  on  the  female  plant,  Antephora  axilliflora,  (Glum. 
1,  p.  111.)  The  true  relationship  between  them  was  first  detected  by  Dr. 
Engelmann,  and  clearly  set  forth  by  him  in  his  masterly  article  iii  the 
Trans.  Saint  Louis  Acacl.  Plains  around  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Hall  & 
Harbour,  637. 

SQUARROSA,  Torr.    Bot.  Whippl,  Pacif.  E.  E.  Eep.  4,  p.  158. 


1  BUCHLOE,  Eugelui.  Flowers  dioecious,  heteromorphous.  —  Male  plant.  Spikes  1-sided 
2-ranked  ;  spikelets  2-3-floweivd.  Glumes  2,  1  -nerved,  lower  much  smaller.  Palets  2,  of 
equal  length,  longer  than  the  glumes;  lower  one  3-nerved,  mucronate;  upper  one 
2-nerved.  Squamuhein  pairs,  truncate,  emarginate.  Stamens  3;  anthers  linear.  Rudi- 
ment of  an  ovary  none.  —  Female  plant.  Spikes  1-3,  short,  capitate,  oblique  in  the  in- 
volucrate  sheaths  of  the  upper  leaves  ;  spikelets  1-flowered,  crowded,  upper  floret  abor- 
tive, withering.  Glumes  2  ;  lower  glume  of  the  lowest  spikelets  1-3  nerved,  lanceolate  - 
subulate,  with  an  herbaceous  tip,  or  2-3-cleft,  lower  side  athinte  to  the  back  of  the 
upper  glume  :  lower  glumes  of  the  other  spikelets  (internal  as  to  the  head)  free,  much 
smaller,  membranaceous,  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  1-nerved;  upper  glumes  (external) 
connate  at  the  base  with  the  thickened  rachis,  at  length  like  a  hard,  woody  involucre, 
ovate,  nerveless,,  pale,  trifid  at  the  herbaceous,  nerved  tip.  Lower  palet  (internal  as  to 
the  head)  shorter.  3-nerved,  herbaceous,  tricuspidate;  upper  palet  shorter,  2-nerved. 
Squamuhe  as  in  the  male  flowers.  Rudiments  of  the  stamens  3,  minute.  Ovary  lenti- 
cular, glabrous,  very  short-stipitate  ;  stigmas  much  longer  than  the  2  erect  terminal 
styles,  plumose  with  simple  hairs,  exsert  from  the  apex  of  the  flower.  Caryopsis  free, 
included  in  a  horny,  at  length  deciduous  head,  sublenticular,  flat  on  the  outside, 
(toward  the  lower  palet.)  convex  on  the  inner  side. 

-MrxnoA,  Torr.  Spike  capitate,  leafy;  spikelets  3,  2-6-fl  owered  ;  flowers  sessile: 
2-ranked  :  Terminal  one  abortive.  Glumes  2,  subopposite,  much  shorter  than  the  flow- 
ers, mucronate.  Palea  2,  herbaceous,  rigid,  in  the  lowest  spikelet  naked,  mucronate  or 
short-awned,  not  keeled,  equilateral,  in  the  uppermost  spikelet  bearded  toward  the 
base  ;  caryopsis  very  smooth,  covered  by  the  upper  palea. 


148  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

Animal,  creeping,  very  much  branched  from  the  base;  branches  fascicu- 
late, 3'-8'  long;  leaves  I'-^'loug,  flat,  l"-2"  wide,  somewhat  pungent, 
scabrous  on  the  margin  ;  spikelets  mostly  3,  closely  approximated  ;  3-4- 
flowered;  glumes  almost  unilateral,  linear-lanceolate,  carinate;  palets 
2-3  times  longer  than  the  glumes,  lanceolate,  acute,  upper  one  bicari- 
nate,  rather  obtuse. — On  the  plains,  Hall  &  Harbour,  (538.  Colorado 
Springs,  Porter.  Denver,  Dr.  /Smith.  Gallon  City,  Brandegee. 

LEPTOCHLOA  FASCICULARIS,  Gr. — Hall  &  Harbour,  644. 

TRICUSPIS  PURPUREA,  Nutt. — Hall  &  Harbour,  645. 

TRICUSPIS  MUTICA,  Torr.  Bot.  Whippl.  p.  156.  Crespitose,  glabrous. 
1°  high;  culm  rigid,  terete,  erect,  very  simple;  leaves  convolute-filiform, 
3'-6'  long;  panicle  terminal,  much  exserted,  racemose,  3'-6'  long,  the 
short,  appressed  branches  bearing  3-5  spikelets;  spikelets  rather  terete, 
5-S-flowered ,  glumes  unequal,  1-nerved,  rather  acute,  scarcely  half  the 
length  of  the  spikelets;  lower  palet  awuless,  entire  or  bilid,  long  ciliate 
on  the  margin  and  back;  upper  palet  £  shorter  than  the  lower,  notched 
at  the  apex,  plumose  on  the  margin ;  style  short ;  stigmas  plumose,  pur- 
ple.— Canon  City,  Greene,  1873. 

TRICUSPIS  ACUMINATA,  Mnriro,  in  Herb.  Thurb.  "  Culms  caespitose, 
simple,  usually  with  but  a  single  node,  which  bears  a  very  short  leaf; 
panicle  dense,  ovoid  ;  spikelets  subsessile,  8-12  flowered,  the  rachis 
easily  disarticulating;  glumes  acuminate,  1-nerved,  the  upper  subarist- 
ate  and  with  the  palets  carinately  compressed ;  lower  palet  3"  long, 
acuminate,  membranaceous,  3  nerved,  marginal  nerves  terminating  at 
the  scarcely  bifid  apex,  the  central  one  prolonged  into  a  seta  J  the 
length  of  the  palet,  which  is  densely  silky  below  and  somewhat  pilose 
above  the  marginal  nerves,  with  a  conspicuously  silky  tuft  near  the 
base;  upper  palet  ovate,  obtuse,  J  shorter  than  the  lower;  stamens  3; 
ovary  stipitate ;  styles  plumose  with  simple  hairs;  sqnamulae  2,  fleshy, 
truncate ;  seed  fusiform,  smooth,  shining  and  translucent,  except  the 
scutellum,  which  is  nearly  half  its  length. — This  exceedingly  neat  and 
interesting  species  is  apparently  a  perennial,  forming  tufts  with  culms 
6'  to  1°  or  more  high,  somewhat  rigid,  compressed,  and  often  geniculate 
at  base;  nodes  red;  sheaths  much  shorter  than  the  in  tern  odea,  with  a 
pilose  tuft  at  the  throat;  ligule  minute,  lacerate  ;  the  pale-green  leaves 
plane  or  canaliculate,  rigid,  distinctly  3-nerved,  pubescent,  scabrous  on 
the  margins,  obtuse  and  mucronulate  at  apex;  radical  leaves  2' and 
those  of  tlie  culm  j'  long;  panicle  l'-2'  long  with  a  few  erect  1-3 
flowered  branches,  whitish  or  with  a  very  slight  purple  tinge  ;  the 
broad  palets  (at  least  when  dry)  nearly  colorless,  with  green  nerves  and 
beautifully  silky  hairs  upon  the  lower  portion  and  marginal  nerves ; 
upper  palet  bicarinate,  ciliate  on  the  nerves  and  conformed  to  the  lower 
one. — The  plant  has  something  of  the  habit  of  Trieuxpis  (  Uralepis) 
avenacea,  Kth.,  and  has  been  mixed  with  it  by  collectors,  but  is  readily 
distinguished  by  its  larger  and  many-flowered  spikelets  and  its  carinate, 
acuminate,  and  mostly  entire  lower  palet. — Texas,  Linahcimer,  738; 
Bigcloic  ;  Wright,  781,  782,  (in  part)  and  2058.  Xew  Mexico,  Fendler, 
915."  Caiion  City,  Colorado,  Brandegee  ;  Greene,  1873. 

GRAPHEPHORUM(?)  FLEXUOSUM,  Thurber  Proc.  Acad.  Phil.,  March, 
1863,  p.  18,  Note.  Culm  3°  high,  smooth  ;  sheath  surpassing  the  inter- 
nodes,  furnished  with  a  ring  of  hairs  instead  of  a  ligule  ;  leaves  l£°long, 
"2."  broad,  setaceous-acuminate;  panicle  loosely-flowered;  branches  scat- 
tered, the  lowest  distant,  about  4'  long,  naked  below,  branchlets  few, 
capillary;  spikelets  ovate,  compressed,  3-6-flowered,  2,}//-3//  long,  twice 
or  four  times  shorter  than  the  pedicels;  glumes  membranaceous,  1-nerved, 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         149 

acute,  half  shorter  than  the  spikelet  ;  lower  palet  carinate,  3-nerved, 
(with  prominent  lateral  nerves,)  scabrous-pubescent,  erose  denticulate 
at  the  apex,  niucrouate,  villous  at  base,  upper  one  about  as  long-,  con- 
spicuously 2-keelecl,  2-toothed  ;  stamens  3  ;  ovary  stipitate  ;  squainulsB  2, 
obliquely  truncate  ;  caryopsis  free.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  635. 

KCELERIA  CRISTATA,  Pers.  —  Kear  Denver,  B.  H.  Smith.  Colorado 
Springs,  Porter.  Monument  Park,  Twin  Lakes,  and  on  the  Upper  Arkan- 
sas, Coulter.  Hall  &  Harbour,  650. 

MELICA  BULBOSA,  Geyer.  (  M.  powoides,  Torr.  Bot.  Wliippl,  not  Xutt.) 
Gray  in  Proo.  Am.  Acad.^  vol.  8,  p.  409.  Culins  erect,  slender,  1J°—  2°  high 
often  enlarged  and  bulb-like  at  base,  slightly  scabrous  above,  nodes, 
naked  ;  sheaths  longer  than  the  internodes  and  scabrous,  the  ligules 
usually  long  and  lacerated;  leaves  scabrous,  mostly  flat  and  elongated, 
l"-2"  wide  ;  panicle  narrow  and  often  interrupted,  the  branches  unequal 
and  erect,  subscabrous,  rarely  spreading  ;  spiklets  erect  and  scarcely 
secund,  3-5-flowered,  usually  more  or  less  purple  ;  glumes  obtuse  or 
acutish,  glabrous,  5-uerved  ;  lower  palet  about  4"  long;  7-nerved,  pu- 
berulent  on  the  back,  membranous-margined,  rather  obtuse,  upper  palet 
pubescent  on  the  nerves  erose-truncate;  grain  2"  long. 

Var.  Culms  slender,  little  enlarged  at  base,  1°  high  ;  leaves  narrow 
and  revolute  ;  panicle  narrow  ;  spikelets  10-15  ;  glumes  longer,  more 
acute;  lower  palet  obscurely  5-nerved,  upper  palet  not  pubescent  on 
tho  margins.  —  Ute  Pass  and  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

MELICA  MUTIOA,  Walt.,  Gr.,  var.  PARVIFLORA,  Porter.  Culms  2° 
high;  panicle  narrow,!0  long;  flowers  3-4,  smaller  ;  leaves  narrower  ; 
spikelet  much  exceeding  the  larger  glume  ;  pedicels  below  the  flowers 
more  hairy.  —  Glen  Eyrie,  Porter.  Meehan.  Sierra  Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

GLYCERIA  PAUCIFLQRA,  Presl.  Steucl.  Gram.,  285.  Roots  creeping  ; 
culms  1°-3J°  high,  smooth,  nodes  naked;  sheaths  and  the  broad  linear 
leaves  (3/-12/  long)  scabrous;  panicle  loosely  spreading,  the  slender 
iiexuous  branches  in  pairs,  divided,  scabrous  ;  spikelets  narrow-oblong, 
2"  long,  4-6-flowered,  often  purplish;  glumes  rounded,  unequal,  the 
lower  obscurely  3-nerved,  scarious  on  the  margin,  lower  palet  truncate- 
obtuse,  the  apex  minutely  serrulate  and  distinctly  scarious,  5-uerved,  the 
upper  one  emarginate.  —  Sail  &  Harbour,  662.  Canon  City,  Brandegec. 

GLYCERIA  AQUATICA,  Sm.—Hall  it:  Harbour,  629.  Monument  Park, 
Coulter. 

GLYCERIA  AIROIDES,  Thurber.  (Poa  airoides,  ^"utt.  in  Gen.  l,p.  68.) 
Culm  4°-5°  high,  erect;  leaves  with  very  long  sheaths,  short  and  acute  ; 
panicle  erect,  attenuated  ;  branches  seini-verticillate,  few  and  capillary  ; 
spikelets  oblong,  obtuse,  nearly  sessile,  or  upon  short  peduncles,  4-6- 
flowered  ;  glumes  very  unequal,  shorter  than  the  palets;  flowers  dis- 
tinct, somewhat  cylindric,  obtuse,  shining,  purplish,  scarious,  and  often 
lacerate  at  the  point,  obsoletely  5  nerved,  inner  valve  scabrous  on  the 
margin.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  630."  South  Park,  Porter.  Canby. 

GLYCERIA  DISTAXS,  Wahl.—  Colorado,  fiae  Watson. 

CATABROSA1  AQUATICA,  Beauv.  (Glyceria,  Presl.,  Steud.  Gram.,  2S6J 


SA,  Beauv.  Spikelets  2-3-flowered  ;  floAvers  equal,  perfect.  Glumes  mein- 
l)raiions.  colored,  uneiiuul.  shorter  than  the  flower,  concave,  the  lower  oWong, 
l-nerved.  the  upper  ol>ovate,  3-uerved.  erosely  dentate  at  the  apex,  or  both  nerveless. 
Palets  membranous,  equal  in  length,  the  lower  3-nerved  and  3-keeled.  trvmeaie-obTust-, 
the  upper  2-uervtMl  and  v?-keeled,  rounded  and  somewhat  3-lobed.  Stamens  3.  Sr  vies  "2, 
very  short  ;  the  stigmas  plumose.  Scales  "2.  shorter  than  the  ovary.  Grain  oblong,  free, 
.shortly  pediceled.  —  Glabrous,  creeping  aquatics,  with  flat  leaves,  elongated  mem- 
branous ligules  and  diffusely  b  ranched  panicles  with,  semi-verticillale  branches: 
flowers  jointed  at  base  and  deciduous. 


150         SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

Culms  4'-2°  high,  rather  stout,  ascending;  leaves  2'-6'  long,  2"-4" 
wide,  scabrous  on  the  margin;  panicle  uniform,  branchlets  numerous, 
divided ;  glumes  J"  long,  purplish  ;  flowers  I"  in  length,  light-brown  iu 
color. — Hall&  Harbour,  003.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandeyee. 

BRIZOPYRUM  SPICATUM  Hook,  var.  STRICTUM,  Gray.  (  Uniolastricta, 
Torr.  Steud.  Gram.,  2SLJ  Spikelets  many-flowered,  and  the  panicle 
mostly  rather  loose  and  elongated,  IJ'-Sj7  in  length  ;  culms  J°-2°  high  ; 
pistillate  spikelets  4"-8//  long,  4-13"flowered,  the  lower  palet  acutish  or 
almost  acuminate ;  staminate  spikelets  4//-9//  long,  0-18-flowered,  slen- 
der-pediceled  and  often  somewhat  nodding. — Hall  &  Harbour,  040. 
South  Park,  Porter. 

POA  ALPINA,  Ij.—Hall  &  Harbour,  074.  Mt.  Lincoln,  at  12,500  feet 
altitude,  Weston's  Pass,  at  11,000  feet,  and  White  House  Mountain,  at 
1 1,500  feet,  Coulter. 

POA  CASSIA,  Sm.,  var.  STRICTIOR,  Gr. — On  Pike's  Peak,  Canby.  Along 
the  foothills,  Coulter. 

POA  SEROTINA,  Ehrh.— Hall  &  Harbour,  072.  Ute  Pass,  Porter. 
Weston's  Pass,  Coulter. 

POA  TENUIFOLIA,  Nutt.  Tufted,  l°-2°  high  ;  culm  slender,  erect,  gla- 
brous or  with  the  sheaths  and  leaves  more  or  less  scabrous ;  leaves  nar- 
rowly linear,  I'-G'  long ;  ligules  short ;  panicle  erect,  narrow  and  rather 
-r*ose,  2/-0/  long,  the  branchlets  2-5  together  and  scabrous ;  glumes 
5"_2£"  long,  acute  or  acutish,  a  little  scabrous  on  the  mid-vein,  3-4-flow- 
ered  5  lower  palet  2"  long,  obtuse,  nearly  glabrous,  puberulent  or  some- 
what pubescent  at  base,  but  little  compressed ;  flowers  readily  separ- 
ating at  the  joints. — Hall  &  Harbour,.  008  and  075. 

POA  ANDINA,  Nutt.  In  dense  perennial  tufts,  glabrous  excepting  the 
more  or  less  scabrous  panicle ;  culms  4/-2°  high;  slender,  erect ;  leaves 
very  narrow,  l'-3'  long,  mostly  revolute;  ligules  %"-2"  long,  acumi- 
nate; panicle  narrow  or  linear,  strict,  l'-2J',  long,  the  branches  2-3 
together;  spikelets  2-3  flowered;  glumes  lJ"-2"  long,  acute  or  acutish, 
a  little  scabrous  on  the  mid  vein;  palets  l£/x  long,  pubescent,  villous  at 
base,  the  lower  one  obscurely  nerved,  but  little  compressed. — Near  Long's 
Peak,  June,  at  8,000  altitude,  and  Mount  Lincoln,  at  13,000  feet,  Coulter. 

ERAGROSTIS  PURSHII,  Beriih. — Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

FESTUCA  OVI^A,  L.  Meehan.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Clear  Creek, 
Porter.  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

Var.  DUR  IUSCULA,  Gr. — Hall  &  Harbour,  G65. '  Twin  Lakes,  Porter. 
East  Kiver,  Taylor  Kiver,  and  White  House  Mountain,  at  13,000  feet 
altitude,  Coulter. 

Var.  BREVIFOLIA,  Watson.  (F.  brevifolia,  Br.,  Steud.  Gram.,  313.} 
King's  Rep.,  vol.  5,  p.  389.  Tufted;  culms  low  and  slender,  4/-8/ 
high ;  leaves  setaceous  and  sheaths  glabrous,  the  uppermost  leaves 
often  very  short  and  the  sheath  rather  loose ;  panicle  racemose  and  nearly 
simple,  erect,  l'-2'  long ;  spikelets  l/^-tiowered  ;  flowers  terete,  some- 
what scabrous,  about  2"  long,  twice  the  length  of  the  awn. — Hall  &  Har- 
bour, G66.  Parry,  373.  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Twin  Lakes,  Porter. 
Along  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

BROMUS  KALMIT,  Gr.,  var.  Culm  12/-187  high,  smooth;  sheaths  and 
leaves  minutely  scabrous ;  panicle  &  long,  compound,  branches  minutely 
downy ;  spikelets  1'  long,  cauesceut  with  short  appressed  silky  hairs 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  151 

7-9-flowered:  glumes  3r/-4"  long,  each  3-nerved,  obtuse;  lower  pallet  5" 
long,  7-nerved,  awn  1^"  long. — Twiu  Lakes,  Porter.  Buffalo  Peaks  and 
Sierra  Madre  Kaoge,  Coulter. 

BROMUS  CILIATUS,  L. — Divkle  between  Denver  and  Colorado  Springs, 
Porter.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,'  Brandegee. 

PHRAGMITES  COXMUNIS,  L. — STear  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

TRITICUM  REPEXS,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  655.  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 
I>.  H.  Smith.  Canon  City,  Branclegee.  Meelian.  Along  the  Platte  and  on 
Weston's  Pass,  Coulter.  Known  as  u blue-joint." 

TRITICUX  CAXIXUX,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  680. 

TRITICOC  STRIGOSUM,  Steud.  Gram.,  347.  (Bromns,  Bieb.  T.  cegilo- 
poides*  Turcz.)  Resembling  the  last,  but  glaucous,  the  leaves  narrow 
and  re  volute;  spike  narrow-linear,  with  the  spikelets  shorter  than  the 
joints  or  but  little  exceeding  them;  glumes  obtuse  or  acutish,  or  some- 
times acuminate. — Hall  &  Harbour,  657.  Ute  Pass,  Porter.  Plains  of 
the  Platte,  Coulter.  Canby. 

LEPTURUS  PAXICULATUS.  ETntt. — Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Colorado  Springs, 
Porter.  Fremont  County,  Brandegee. 

HORDEUX  JUBATOI,  L. — Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  B.  H.  Smith.  Colorado 
Springs  and  South  Park,  Porter.  Caiion  City,  Brandegee.  Plains  of  the 
Platte,  Coulter.  A  common  and  showy  grass,  the  panicles  often  being 
purplish. 

HORDEOT  PRATEXSE,  Huds. — Colorado  Springs  and  South  Park, 
Porter.  Plains  of  the  Platte,  Coulter. 

ELYMUS  CANABEXSIS,  L. — Colorado  Springs,  Porter. 

ELY3IUS  COXDEXSATUS,  Presl.  Steud.  Grain.,  351.  Culm  stont,  3°-8° 
iiigh,  roughish-puberulent  and  short-pubescent  at  the  nodes  or  nearly 
glabrous;  spike  3r-15/  long,  erect,  exserted,  or  sheathed  at  base,  some- 
times close-paniculate;  spikelets  2-6  together,  3-10-flowered,  puberu- 
leut  or  nearly  glabrous,  exceeding  the  internodes  of  the  pubescent  rachis; 
glumes  setaceous-subulate  from  a  very  narrow  base,  4"-5"  long;  flowers 
4"  long,  acute  or  short-awned,  or  barely  acutish,  the  upper  palet  2- 
toothed. — Hall  &  Harbour*  654. 

ELYMUS  SITAXION.  Schult.,  (Sitanion  elymoides,  Kaf.,  Steud  Gram., 
351.  and  Polyantlierix  Hi/strir,  Xees.  Steud.  Gram.,  356J  Culms  4'-2° 
high,  tufted,  and  with  the  leaves  and  sheaths  glabrous  or  somewhat 
pubescent  or  scabrous;  spike  erect,  ¥-3'  long,  squarrose  with  its  long 
recurved  awns,  jointed  and  fragile  at  maturity;  spikelets  in  pairs,  2-5- 
Howered,  smooth  or  puberulent;  glumes  entire  or  usually  parted  to  the 
base  and  the  segments  unequally  2-eleft,  the  divisions  long-awned,  (l'-3';) 
flowers  3"  long,  the  awn  of  the  lower  palet  equaling  that  of  the  glumes, 
with  often  a  subsidiary  awn  or  tooth  on  each  side  at  the  apex  of  the 
palet. — Hall  A-  Harbour,  679.  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  Mountains  west 
of  Denver,  Porter.  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter. 

DAXTHOXIA  SERICEA,  Xutt. — Hall  <£  Harbour,  622;  Meelian.  Ute  Pass, 
Porter.  Along  the  Platte,  Coulter.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Red  field. 

AVEXA  STRIATA,  MX. — Hall  &  Harbour.  623. 

TRISETU3I  SUBSPICATOI,  Bean  v. — Hall  &  Harbour,  625 ;  Canby.  Gray's 
Peak,  Dr.  Smith.  Sangre  de  Cristo  Pass,  Brandegee.  Mount  Lincoln,  at 
13,000  feet  altitude,  Westours  Pass,  Twin  Lakes;  Divide  at  the  head  of 
Lake  Creek  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  and  White  House  Mountain,  at  12,000 
feet,  Coulter. 

AIRA  c JESPITOSA,  L. — South  Park,  Porter.    Xear  Denver,  Mount  Lin- 


152  .  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

coin  at  12,000  feet,  Weston's  Pass,  Twin  Lakes  and  Sierra  Madre  Range, 
Coulter. 

AiRA  DANTHONIOIDES,  Trin.  Steud.  Gram.,  221.  Annual,  glabrous; 
culins  very  slender.  3'-3°  high,  geniculate  at  base;  sheaths  smooth,  ex- 
ceeding the  internodes;  lignles  elongated;  leaves  short  (£'-4')  and  very 
narrow  or  convolute-setaceous;  panicle  diffuse,  the  capillary  branchlets 
2-4  together  and  naked  below;  glumes  2-flowered,  with  the  plumose 
rudiment  of  a  third,  2//-3//  long,  exceeding  the  flowers;  lower  palet  trun- 
cate and  denticulate,  l"-li"  long,  awned  below  the  middle,  the  awn 
2"  -A"  long,  geniculate;  grain  free,  fiattish,  not  grooved.  —  Summit  of 
Gray's  Peak,  Dr.  Smith. 

HIEROCHLOA  BOREALIS,  B.  &  S.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  C28.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee.  Clear  Creek  canon,  Coulter. 

PHALARIS  ARUNDINACEA,  L.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

P  ASP  ALUM  SETACEUM,  MX.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  653. 

BECKMANNIA1  ERUC^EFORMis,  Host.  Steud.  Gram.,  15.  Culms  stout, 
lo_3jo  high,  erect  from  an  ascending  base,  with  the  sheaths  glabrous  ; 
ligules  elongated  ;  leaves  linear,  4/-8/  long  and  2"-6"  wide,  flat,  acute, 
scabrous  ;  panicle  4/-12/  long,  erect,  strict,  secuud,  the  short,  crowded 
branchlets  densely  flowered  from  the  base,  glabrous  ;  spikelets  sessile, 
imbricately  arranged  in  two  rows,  nearly  orbicular,  1J;/  in  diameter,  the 
upper  rudimentary  floret  minute,  stipitate.  —  Hall  and  Harbour,  658. 
Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

PANICUM  CAPILLARE,  L.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

PANICUM  VIRGATUM,  L.  —  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith. 

PANICUM  AMARUM,  Ell.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

PANICUM  PAUCIFLORUM,  Ell.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

PANICUM  CRUS-GALLI,  L.  —  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Canon  City 
Brandegee.  —  Introduced. 

SETARIA  VIRIDIS,  Beauv.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee.—  Introduced. 

SETARIA  ITALICA,  Kunth.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee.  —  Introduced. 

CENCHRUS  TRIBULOIDES,  L.  —  Canon  City,  Brandegee. 

ANDROPOGON  FURCATUS,  Muhl.  —  Divide  between  Denver  and  Colo- 
rado Springs,  Porter. 

ANDROPOGON  SCOPARIUS,  MX.  —  Canon  City  and  Wet  Mountain  Yal- 
ley,  Brandegee. 

ANDROPOGON  ARGENTEUS,  Ell.  —  Hall  &  Harbour,  651.  Canon  City, 
Brandegee. 

SORGHUM  NUTANS,  Gray.  —  Cafion  City,  Brandegee. 


EQUISETUM  ARVENSE,  L.—  Near  Denver,  Dr.  Smith.  Clear  Creek,  Coul- 
ter. 

EQUISETUM  PRATENSE,  Ehrh.—  Mt.  Lincoln,  Twin  Lakes  and  Sierra 
Madre  Range,  Coulter. 

1  BECKMANNIA,  Host.  Panicle  racemose,  contracted.  Spikelets  compressed,  2-flowered, 
the  upper  floret  an  abortive  rudiment.  Glumes  2,  ob  ovate,  compressed  boat-shaped. 
subcoriaceous,  equal,  a  little  shorter  than  the  flower,  pointless.  Palets  membranous. 
the  lower  ovate,  concave,  acutish.  mucronate,  3-nervcd,  the  upper  2-uerved,  bifid, 
Stamens  3.  Styles  2,  with  elongated  plumose  stigmas.  Scales  2.  bifid,  glabrous.  Grain 
free,  glabrous.  —  A  coarse  perennial  aquatic, 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  153 

EQUISETUM  L^viGATini,  Brarm. — Xear  Denver,  Dr.  Smith;  Porter. 
Saint  Vrain  Canon  and  Clear  Creek,  Coulter. 

EQUISETUM  VARIEGATUM,  Sehleicher. — Clear  Creek,  near  Denver, 
Coulter. 

FIL.ICES. 

POLYPODIUM  VULGARE,  L. — Hall  &  Harbour,  694.  Grand  Canon  of 
Arkansas,  Brandegee. 

PTERIS  AQTJILINA,  L. — Along  the  Platte,  and  in  the  Sierra  Madre 
Range,  at  10,000  feet  altitude,  Coulter.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 

CHEILANTHES  FENDLERI,  Hook.  Spec.  Fil,  2,  p.  103.  Small ;  caudex 
creeping,  scaly;  stipes  sparse,  scattered,  slender,  brown,  scaly  with  sub- 
ulate, appressed  scales,  on  the  main  and  secondary  rachises  the  scales 
more  copious,  broader,  ovate- acuminate,  white,  glossy  brown  at  the  base ; 
fronds  2/-3/  long,  ovate-lanceolate,  subcoriaceous,  pale-green,  gla- 
brous on  both  sides,  tripinnate  ;  primary  pinnules  ovate-lanceolate,  ob- 
tuse, pinnules  rather  large  for  the  size  of  the  frond,  convex,  broad- 
cuneate,  sessile,  somewhat  decurrent,  retuse  at  the  apex,  entire  or  2-3- 
lobed,  the  margin  of  the  lobes  merely  incurved,  scarcely  confluent  and 
forming  the  involucres. — Hall  &  Harbour;  Brandegee;  Canby.  Chiann 
Cafion  and  Glen  Eyrie,  Porter. 

CHEILANTHES  TOMENTOSA,  Link. — Grand  Canon  of  the  Arkansas, 
Brandegee. 

CHEILANTHES  LANUGINOSA,  Kutt. — Meelian.  Grand  Canon  of  the 
Arkansas,  Brandegee.  Chianu  Canon,  Porter. 

CHEILANTHES  EATONI,  Baker.  Sijn.  Fil.,  p.  140.  Stipes  tufted,  3'-G' 
in  length,  wiry,  erect,  densely  clothed  with  pale  brown,  linear-subulate 
scales ;  fronds  3'-%'  in  length,  lJ'-27  broad,  ovate-lanceolate,  tripinuatilid ; 
lower  pinna?  distant,  alternate  or  opposite,  deltoid ;  pinnules  linear-oblong, 
pinnatifid;  rachis  rigid,  covered  with  scales  like  the  stipe,  which  also 
cover  thickly  the  midrib  of  the  pinnae  beneath,  texture  coriaceous,  upper 
surface  densely  clothed  with  a  white  woolly  tomentum,  lower%lso  densely 
matted,  the  margin  of  the  segments  incurved. — Grand  Canon  of  the 
Arkansas,  Brandegee. 

XOTHOL^ENA  FENDLERi,  Kunze.  Stipes  densely  tufted,  2/-4/  long, 
wiry,  chestnut-brown,  naked,  the  scales  linear,  bright-ferruginous  ;  frond 
-7-37  each  way,  deltoid,  tripinnate.  all  the  rachises  very  zigzag ;  pinnae, 
pinnules,  and  segments  all  stalked,  deltoid  ;  lobes  close,  oolong,  blunt, 
not  more  than  I"  long,  §"  broad ;  texture  subcoriaceous,  upper  surface 
naked,  lower  covered  with  a  fine  white  powder. — Abundant  throughout 
Fremont  County,  Brandegee.  Chiaiiu  Canon  and  Glen  Eyrie,  Porter. 

PELL.EA  GRACILIS,  Hook.— Ten  Mile  Canon,  below  Breckenridge, 
Brandegee. 

PELL.EA  ATROPURPUREA,  Link. — Glen  Eyrie,  Porter. 

PELLJEA  WRIG-HTIAXA,  Hook.  (P.  (Allosorus)  mucronata,  Eaton.  Sill. 
Jour.,  July,  1S56J  Stipes  tufted,  2/-4/  long,  strong,  erect,  naked,  dark- 
brown,  polished;  fronds  3'-G' long,  V-3'  broad,  deltoid,  bipiunate;  pinna3 
spreading  or  erect  patent,  rigid,  I7  or  more  long,  with  several  distant, 
linear,  oblong  pinnules,  sterile  ones  flat,  ovate,  fertile  ones  narrowed, 
revolute  on  the  margins,  3/7-47/ long,  with  a  sharp,  mucrouate  point; 
rachis  chestnut-brown,  polished  like  the  stipe  ;  texture  coriaceous,  both 
surfaces  naked,  pale  glaucous-green;  involucre  broad,  coriaceous,  rolled 
permanently  over  the  sori. — Canon  City  and  vicinity,  Brandegee. 

CRYPTOGRAMME  ACROSTICHOIDES,  E.  Br.    (Allosorus  acrostickoides, 


154        SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

SprengJ — Hall  &  Harbour,  688;  Parry.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee. 
Sierra  Madre  Bauge,  Gothic  Mountain  and  Mountain  of  the  Holy  Gross, 
Coulter. 

ASPLENIUM  SEPTENTRIONALE,  L.  Fronds  many  from  tufted  root- 
stocks,  3'-5'  high,  on  very  long  stipes,  erect;  pinnae  2-4,  narrow,  linear, 
erect,  entire  at  base,  with  2-several  setaceous  divisions  at  the  summit— 
Hall  &  Harbour,  689.  Grand  Canon  of  the  Arkansas,  Brandegee:  Red- 
field. 

ASPLENIUM  TRICHOMANES,  L. — Grand  Canon  of  the  Arkansas, 
Brandegee. 

ASPLENIUM  EBENEUM,  Ait. — Green  Horn  Mountains,  E.  L.  Greene. 

ASPLENIUM  FILIX-FCEMINA,  Bernh. — Hoopes. 

PHEGOPTERIS  DRYOPTERIS,  Fee. — Hall  &  Harbour,  695. 

ASPIDIUM  FILIX-MAS,  Swartz:  Hall  &  Harbour,  687.  Grand  Canon 
of  the  Arkansas,  Brandegee.  Along  the  foot-hills  west  of  Denver,  Coul- 
ter. 

CYSTOPTERIS  FRACHLIS,  Bernh. — Hall  &  Harbour,  690;  Canby.  South 
Park,  Porter.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Brandegee.  Bear  Creek,  near  Den- 
ver, Mount  Lincoln,  at  12,000  feet  altitude,  Twin  Lakes  and  White  House 
Mountain,  Coulter. 

WOODSIA  SCOPULINA,  Eaton.  Boot-stock  short,  creeping ;  stalks  2'-- 1' 
high,  chaffy  at  the  base,  stramineous,  puberulent,  like  the  rachis  and  under 
surface  of  the  frond,  with  minute  flattened  hairs  and  stalked  glands; 
fronds  lanceolate,  ±'-8'  long,  pinnate;  piume  numerous,  S^-IO"  long, 
pinuatifid  with  10-16  short  ovate  or  oblong  crenulate  or  toothed  divis- 
ions; indusium  very  delicate,  deeply  cleft  into  laciniae,  which  terminate 
in  short  hairs  composed  of  irregular  cylindrical  cells. — Colorado,  fide  D. 
C.  Eaton. 

WOODSIA  OREGANA,  Eaton.  Canby.  Chiann  Canon,  South  Park 
and  Upper  Arkansas,  Porter.  MeeJian.  Wet  Mountain  Valley,  Bra nclegee. 
Long's  Peak  and  Twin  Lakes,  Coulter.  Grand  Canon  of  the  Arkansas, 
Red  field. 

BOTRYCHIUM  VIRGINICUM,  Swartz. — Grand  Canon  of  the  Arkansas, 
Brandegee. 

L.YCOPODIACE  2E. 

LYCOPODIUM  ANNOTINUM,  L. — White  House  Mountain,  Coulter. 
SELAGINELLA  RUPESTRIS,  Spring. — Sierra  Madre  Bange,  Coulter. 
On  rocks,  in  Glen  Eyrie  and  South  Park,  Porter. 

MUSCI. 

BY  LEO  LESQUEREUX,  ESQ. 

The  mosses  here  enumerated  and  described  were  collected  in  Colorado 
Territory,  by  Elihu  Hall  in  1865,  Major  Downie  in  1868,  Prof.  Thos. 
C.  Porter,  and  by  the  assistants  of  Dr.  F.  V.  Hayden  and  myself 
in  1872  and  1873.  A  few  mentioned  in  Hayden's  Beport  of  1872,  from 
the  mountains  north  of  Colorado,  and  in  Watson  Catalogue,  from  Utah 
and  the  Uiutas,  all  species  likely  to  be  found  in  Colorado  Territory, 
are  added.  Considering  that  none  of  the  botanists  who  have  gathered 
these  materials  made  in  their  researches  a  specialty  of  this  class  of 
plants,  which  mostly  grow  in  deep  and  dark  ravines  of  difficult 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         155 

access,  and  that,  too,  the  eastern  slopes  of  the  Kocky  Mountains  are      / 
mostly  bare  of  trees  and  deprived  of  atmospheric  humidity,  the  essen- 
lial  food  of  the  mosses,  this  catalogue  is  already  remarkably  rich  and 
interesting  in  many  points. 

SPHAGNUM  ACUTIFOLIUM,  Ehrh.,  var.  TENERUM,  Sulliv.  &  Lesqx. 
Muse.  Bor.-Am.  ^o.  11. 

Hob.  —  Uinta   Mountains,  Porter.    Colorado,  Hall;  Downie. 

PHASCUM  CARNIOLICUM,  Web.  &  Mohr.  —  A  very  rare  species,  found 
as  yet  in  Caruiola  and  Sardinia  only. 

Hab.  —  Western  plains  of  Kansas  ;  upon  silex.    Hall. 

PHASCUM  CUSPIDATUM,  var.  «.  PILIFERUM,  Schreb. 

Hal).—  Along  the  Platte.     Hall. 

WEISIA  CRISPULA,  Hedw.  —  Immature  specimens. 

Hub.  —  Low  mountains.     Hall. 

WEISIA  CIRRHATA,  Hedw.  This  form  approaches  the  former  species. 
By  its  capsule  and  its  aunulus  it  is  referable  to  W.  cirrhata;  the  leaves, 
however,  are  longer,  their  borders  scarcely  reflexed,  and  the  articulations 
of  the  pale  red  teeth  less  marked  than  in  the  normal  form.  An  species 
propria  ?) 

Hab.  —  Mountains.     Hall. 


GY3IXOSTO3IU3I  RUPESTRE, 

Hab.—Gleu  Eyrie,  1872.     Porter. 
DiCRA^roi  GRACILESCENS,  Web.  &  Mohr. 
Hab.  —  On  wet  rocks;  high  mountains.     Hall. 
DICKASOI  VIRENS,  Hedw. 

Hab.  —  On  stones  in  alpine  brooks,  near  snow-range  ;  not  rare. 
I)icRANU3i    PELLrciDini.  Hedw.,  var.  FAGIMONTANUM,  Brid.—  The 
same  remarkable  variety  as  found  in  Vermont. 
Hab.  —  Mountains;  (coll.  1873). 

DlCRANOI  VARIU3I,  Hedw. 

Hab.  —  Base  of  the  mountains.    Hall. 

DlCRANUM  FUSCESCENS,  Turn. 

Hab.  —  Twin  Lakes,  in  pine  woods.     Downie.     (Expl.  1873.) 
DICRAXOI  MUHLENBECKII,  Bryol.  Eur. 
Hab.  —  Roots  of  trees,  pine-region  ;  not  rare. 

DlCRA^ritt  RHABDOCARPOX,  Slllliv. 

Hab.  —  Alpine  ;  moist  places  on  the  ground.  Hall  ;  Downie.  A  rare 
species,  found  in  good  fruiting  specimens,  which  confirm  Sullivant's 
diagnosis,  made  irom  specimens  too  old,  in  Contrib.  to  Bry.  1,  p.  172, 
pi.  iii. 

CAXPYLOPUS  HALLI,  (sp.  nor.)  Plantoe  csespitosse,  colorelutescente- 
virides,  sericeo-nitentes  ;  caulis  vix  pollicaris,  pluries  dichotonius,  basi 
iiudus  (non  radiculosus).  Folia  stricta,  erecto-subaperta  lanceolata, 
tubulosa,  e  toto  Itevia,  integerrima,  nervo  latissimo  foliam  iiitegrani 
eqnidem  ad  basiin  occupante,  cellulis  alaribus  paucis,  rufescentibus 
quadra  to  -in  flat  is. 

Hab.  —  Mountains.     Hall. 

CAMPYLOPUS  FRIGIDUS,  (sp.  nor.) 

Priori  nervo  dilatato  affinis  ;  diifert  foliis  angustis,  longioribus,  linear- 
ibus,  canaliculatis,  margine  versus  apicem  denticulatis,  dorso  scabris. 

As  in  the  former  species  the  medial  nerve  tills  the  whole  leaf  except 
only  four  alar  cells  at  the  base;  these  cells  are  round.  Two  other  forms, 


156         SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO. 

one  differing  from  this  species  by  its  reflexed  leaves,  and  another  with  a  nar- 
rower medial  nerve  and  broader  leaves,  are  considered  as  mere  varieties. 

Hal). — ISTear  snow-range,  on  the  ground.    Hall. 

PHAROMITRIUM  SUBSESSILE,  Schp.  Synops.  Muse. 

Hal). — Sand-hills  on  the  plains.  Hall.  Moist  sand,  base  of  the  hills 
near  Point  of  Rocks.  Lesquereux  ;  (also  Explor.,  1873). 

POTTIA  CAVIFOLIA,  Hedw. — On  the  Platte  near  the  mountains.    Hall. 

POTTIA  HEIMIT,  Schp.   Synop.  Muse. 

Hal). — Mountains  of  Colorado ;  sandy  ground.  Hall;  (also  Explor.  of 
1873.) 

ANACALYPTA  LATIFOLIA,  Schwregr. 

Hal). — Tops  of  rocks  in  the  mountains,  Downie.   Uinta  Mountains,  Wat- 
son's Catalogue. 
^  DIDYMODON  HUBELLUS,  Bryol.  Eur. 

Hob. — On  stone  and  ground,  plains  and  mountains;  common. 

DISTICHIUM  CAPILLACETTM,  Bryol.  Europ. 

Hob. — Base  of  overhanging  rocks,  high  mountains  ;  not  rare. 

DISTICHIUM  INOLINATUM,  Bryol.  Eur. 

Hal). — Same  stations  as  the  former;  Bear  River  Canon,  Uinta  Moun- 
tains;  Watsons  Catalogue. 
^    CERATODON  PURPUREUS,  Brid. 

Hob. — Everywhere  on  humected  rocks  and  ground,  collected  by  all 
the  explorations. 

LEPTOTRICHUM  GLAUCESCENS  (Hampe,)  Hedw. 

Hob. — Mountain  slopes  near  Twin  Lakes.     Downie. 

DESMATODON  LATIFOLIUS,  Bryol.  Europ. 

Hal>. — Mountains  of  middle  altitude  in  Colorado.    Hall. 
Y  DESMATODON  LATIFOLIUS,  var.  ,9.  GLACIALIS,  Bryol.  Eur. 

Hal). — High  mountains  near  Twin  Lakes.  Downie.  (Also  in  Explor. 
1873.) 

DESMATODON  SISTYLIUS,  Bryol.  Eur. 

Hab.— Near  snow-range;  mountains  of  Colorado.  Downie. — A  very 
rare  and  fine  species,  mostly  of  the  glacial  regions,  like  the  following 
one.  Both  are  known  from  the  Dofrafield  Mountains  of  Norway. 

DESMATODON  LAURERI  (Sclmltz).  Bryol.  Eur. 

Hab. — The  same  locality  as  the  former.     Downie. 

BARBULA  RIGIDA,  Sehultz. 

Hab. — Plains  along  the  Platte ;  only  found  sterile.     Hall. 

BARBULA  SUBULATA,  Brid. 

Hab. — Near  Salt  Lake,  011  rocks  ;   Watson's  Catalogue. 

BARBULA  MUCRONIFOLIA,  Schwa?gr. 

Hab. — Middle  elevations ;  on  rocks  and  banks.  Hall — The  moss  referred 
to  the  former  species  is  probably  the  same  as  this,  which  is  found  all 
through  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  has  been  distributed  in  Drummond's 
collections  as  B.  subulata,  which,  however,  chiefly  inhabits  the  plains. 
^      BARBULA  RURALIS,  Hedw. 

Hab. — Low  mountains,  on  dry  rocks,  &c.;  common. 

GRIMMIA  CONFERTA,  Funk. 

Hab. — Rocks  base  of  the  mountains.     Hall.     (Also  Explor.  of  1873.) 

MMIA  APOCARPA,  Hedw. 

Hab. — Same  localities  as  the  former;  more  common. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  157 

GRIMMIA  PLAGIOPODTA,  Hedw. 

Hab. — On  rocks ;  in  the  mountains.     Hall. 

GRIMMIA  TRICHOPHYLLA,  Grew. 

Hab. — Shaded  rocks,  in  low  mountains.     Hall. 
\  GRIMMIA  OVATA,  Web.  and  Mohr. 

Hab. — On  rocks,  mountain  region.     Hall. 

GRIMMIA  OYATA,  var.  ,5.  AFFINIS,  Bryol.  Eur. 

Hab. — Same  localities  as  the  former.  Hall;  (also  Explor.  1873.) 

GRIMMIA  LEUCOPH^EA,  Grev. 

Hab. — On  flat  sand  rocks,  from  the  plains  to  the  mountains,  (Explor. 
of'  1873,)  ;  also  abounds  at  Point  of  Kocks,  Wyoming.  Lesquereux. 

GRIMMIA  CALYPTRATA,  Hook. 

Hab. — Dry  rocks  in  low  mountains.    Hall. 

This  moss  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  is  rarely  as  well 
developed  as  in  California,  and  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains.  The  pul- 
vini  are  low  and  the  stems  slender. 

KACOMITRIUM  HETEROSTICHUM,  Brid. 

Hab. — Humected  rocks  in  the  mountains.  Found  in  poor  specimens 
by  Hall ;  (also  in  Explor.  of  1873.) 

HEDWHHA  CILIATA,  Ehrh. 

Hab. — On  rocks,  near  the  base  of  the  mountains  ;  not  rare. 

ZYGODOX  LAPPOXICUS,  Bryol.  Europ. 

Hab. — Near  Sand  Lake  ?,  iu  poor  specimens  ;   (Explor.  1873.) 

ORTHOTRICHUM  HUTSCHINSLE,  Smith. 

Hab.—rOn  rocks,  borders  of  creeks,  base  of  the  mountains ;  common. 
jf  ORTHOTRICHUM  ANOMALUM,  Hedw. 

Hab. — Same  stations  as  the  former ;  more  rarely  found.     Hall. 

ORTHOTRICHUM  HALLII,  hulry.  &  Lesqx.,  in  tiulliv.  Icones,  Supple- 
ment, PL  45. 

Orthotrico  strangulate  affine ;  differt  foliis  superne  valde  utra  facie 
papillosis;  capsula  sicca  cylindrical,  sub  ore  hand  vel  vix  coiistricta;  ca- 
lyptra  lata  capsulam  totam  tegente,  etc. 

Hab. — On  rocks  in  the  mountains.     Hall. 

ORTHOTRICHUM  UTAHENSB,  Sulliv.  Mss. 

Priori  affine  sed  robustior;  foliis  latioribus  valde  ])apillosis;  capsnLe 
stomatibus  immersis. — The  specimens  (too  old)  have  not  any  capsule  with 
the  peristome. 

Hab. — Ogden  Canon,  on  shaded  perpendicular  rocks.     Lesquereux. 

ORTHOTRICHUM  SPECIOSUM,  var.  Xees. 

A  nne  variety  with  slender  steins  and  male  plants  entirely  covered 
with  thick  male  buds.  The  habitat  is  as  remarkable  as  the  form  of  the 
plants,  it  being,  as  indicated  by  Hall,  upon  rocks  on  low  mountains,  while 
in  the  plains  the  species  is  only  found  upon  trees. 

ENCALYPTA  COMMUTATA,  Xees  &  Hornsch. 

Hab. — High  cliffs,  near  Twin  Lakes.    Doicnie. 
v-  ENCALYPTA  YULGABIS,  Hedw. 

J/«&.— Slopes  and  fissures  of  rocks  ;  low  mountains  ;  common. 

EXCALYPTA  STREPTOCARPA,  Hedw. — Sterile. 

Hab. — Glen  Eyrie.     Porter. 

ENCALYPTA  RHABDOCARPA,  Schwsegr. 

Hab. — Same  locality  as  the  former  ;  less  frequent. 

ENCALYPTA  RHABDOCARPA,  var.  ? 

Foliis  piliferis,  areolatione  compacta,  papilloso-rugosa  ;  capsula  sub- 


158  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

striata  sicca  plicato-striata,  apophysata ;  peristomio  nullo ;  calyptra 
longiori  fusca,  apice  rugosa. 

This  form  is  referable,  by  its  leaves  and  the  ribbed  capsule,  to  E.  rhab- 
docarpa:  by  the  absence  of  peristome  to  E.  vulgar-is,  and  by  the  apoph- 
ysate  capsule  to  E.  apophysata,  IS.  &  H.  It  is  apparently  a  new  spe- 
cies. The  specimens,  however,  are  too  few  and  incomplete  for  a  satis- 
factory diagnosis. 

Hob. — High  mountains.    Mixed  with  Desmatodon  sistylius. — Downie. 

DISSODON  FRCELICHIANUS,  Froel. 
A  tine  and  rare  species  found  in  good  specimens. 
Hab. — Mountains  of  Colorado.    Hall. 
DISSODON  HORNSCHUCHII,  Grev.,  Arn. 
Hob. — Near  Twin  Lakes.    Downie. 
TAYLORIA  SPLACHNOIDES.  Hook. 
Hab. — Same  locality  as  the  former.    Downie. 
PHYSCOMITRIUM  TETRAGONUM,  Brid. 

Hob. — Moist  sandy  soil  on  the  plains.    Rail.    A  very  rare  species,  found 
only  once  before  in  this  country. 
PHYSCOMITRIUM  PYRIFORME,  Brid. 
Hal). — Moist  ground,  on  the  plains  and  in  the  mountains. 

FUNARIA  HYGROMETRICA,  Hedw. 

Hob. — Humected  rocks  and  ground ;  common. 

FUNARIA  HYBERNICA,  Hook. 

Hob. — Mountains  of  Colorado ;   (Explor.  of  1873.) 

LEPTOBRYUM  PYRIFORME,  (Linn.,)  Schp. 

Hal).  Wet  ground,  under  the  shade  of  pines ;  common. 

WEBERA  ELONGATA,  Schwsegr. 

Hob. — High  mountains  ;  fissures  of  rocks.     Hall. 

WEBERA  NUTANS,  Schreb. 

Hal). — Shaded  ground  in  the  mountains ;  not  rare. 

WEBERA  CRUDA,  Schreb. 

Hub. — At  the  base  of  overhanging  rocks  and  fissures;  not  rare. 

WEBERA  LUDWIGIT,  Spreng. 

Hob. — High  mountains;  sandy  soil  along  rivulets.    Hall;   Doicnie. 
(Expl.  of  1873.)' 
,    BRYUM  PENDULUM,  (Hornsch.,)  Schp. 

Hab. — On  the  ground,  low  mountains;  common. 

BRYUM  PENDULUM,  var.  MONTANUM.  Forma  normal!  differt ;  capsula 
graciliori,  obovato-pyriformi,  operculo  longiori  acutiusculo ;  areolationis 
foliorum  ductibus  iutercellularibus  crassioribus,  margine  foliorum  vix 
coftspicuo  concolore,  nervo  viridi  in  acumine  longiori  producto. — It  is 
apparently  a  distinct  species. 

Hab. — Mixed  with  Pottia  Heimii. — High  mountains.     Downie.    It  is 
also  in  the  collections  of  1873,  by  Dr.  Hayden's  assistants. 
^    BRYUM  INTERMEDIUM,  Web.  &  Mohr. 

Hal). — Fissures  of  humected  rocks  ;  not  rare. 
^  BRYUM  CIRRHATUM,  Hoppe  &  Hornsch. 

Hab. — Grassy  slopes  and  fissures  of  rocks,  Twin  Lakes.    Downie. 

BRYUM  BIMUM,  Schreb. 

Hab. — Wet  meadows ;  common. 

BRYUM  MUHLENBECKII,  Bryol.  Eur. 

Hab. — Eocky  Mountains;  from  specimens  in  Sullivanfs  herbarium  coin- 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO.  159 

• 

municated  by  General  Palmer.    This  species  is  often  confounded  with. 
Bryum  alplnum  from  its  close  likeness  to  it. 
/"BRYUM  c^spiTiciU3i,  Linn. 

Sab. — Dry  ground ;  common  everywhere. 
..'  BRYUM  ARGENTEUM,  Linn. 

Hab. — Same  localities  as  the  former ;  rare  in  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

BRYU3I  PSEUDO-TRIQUETRU3I,  Hedw. 

Hab. — Springs  on  rocks.     Downie. 

BRYUM  ROSEUM,  Dill. 

Hab. — Shade  of  pine  woods  in  canons.     Explor.  of  1873. 

ZlERIA  DE3IISSA,  (Homscll.,)  Schp. 

Hab. — Fissures  of  rocks;  high  mountains  near  Twin  Lakes;  rare. 
Doicnic. 

^  MKEUM  CUSPID ATUM,  Hedw. 

Hab. — Shaded  wet  places  ;  low  mountains.    Hall. 
y  MNIUM  SERRATUM,  Schrad. 

Hab. — Sandy  ground,  springs  and  borders  of  streams ;  not  rare. 

MNIUM  SPOOSUM,  Yoit. 

Hab. — Mountains  of  middle  altitude,  under  pines.     Downie. 

MNiroi  SPINULOSUM,  Bryol.  Eur.  KI  . 

Hab. — Same  places  as  the  former;  in  open  pine  woods.     Hall. 

MNIU3I  PUNCTATUM,  Lillll. 

Hal). — Springs  in  low  mountains;  sterile.     Hall. 

AMBLYODON  DEALBATUS,  Pal.  Beauv. 

Hab. — Boggy  ground ;  plain  and  mountains.    Twin  Lakes.    Downie. 

MEESIA  ULIGESOSA,  Hedw. 

Hab. — Moist  earth ;  fissures  of  rocks.     Hall. 

AULACOMNIUM  PALUSTRE,  SdlWregr. 

Hab. — Boggy  places,  plains  and  mountains;  common. 

BARTRAMIA  ITHYPHYLLA,  Brid. 

Hab. — Fissures  of  shaded  rocks,  middle  altitude ;  not  rare. 

BARTRAMIA  FONTANA,  Brid. 

Hab. — Everywhere  along  streams  and  on  wet  rocks,  with  its  numerous 
varieties,  gracilis,  alinna,falcata,  &c. 

TnmiA  MEaAPOLiTAXA,  Hedw. 
'  Hab. — Shaded  banks  and  wet  fissures  of  rocks;  not  rare. 

TIMMIA  AUSTRIACA,  Hedw. 

Hab. — Same  positions,  at  greater  altitude;  rare.     Hall;  Doicnie. 

POGOXATOl  URNIGERUM,  (f)  Linil. 

Specimens  too  young  and  incomplete.  May  represent  P.  capillary 
Brid.,  which  is  closely  allied  to  P.  urmgerum.  Indeed,  botli  species  are 
considered  by  many  as  the  same. 

Hab. — Twin  Lakes.     Doicnie. 

POG-ONATUM   ALPINUM,  Boelll. 

Hab. — ^Yet  rocks,  waterfalls,  £c.,  middle  stations. 
It  is  mostly  represented  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  its  var.  d.  brcvi- 
fulium*  Sch[). 

POLYTRICIIADELPHUS   LYALL1I,  Mitten. 

Hab. — Pine-woods,  middle  region.     Hall. 

POLYTRICHUM   GRACILE,  MenzieS. 

Hab. — Swampy  ground  in  the  mountains.     Hall. 


1GO  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

POLYTRICHUM  PILIFERUM,  Sclirel). 

Hal). — Upon  earth  covering  sand-rocks  ;  common. 

POLYTRICHUM  PILIFERUM,  var.  L^EVIPILUM. 

Polytrichum  Icevipilum,  Hampe. 

Hab. — The  same  localities  as  the  normal  form,  ascending,*  however, 
to  a  higher  altitude.    Hall. 
^  POLYTRICHUM  JUNIPERINUM,  Hedw. 
^  Hab. — Slopes  iii  the  mountains,  on  moist  ground. 

It  is  common,  mostly  represented  by  its  alpine  form,  var.  8.  alpinum, 
Schp. 

FONTINALIS  ANTIPYRETICA,  Linn.,  var. 

F.  Neo-Mexicana,  Snlliv.  &  Lesqx. 

Hab. — Creeks  and  rivulets,  attached  to  rocks.    Hall. 

DICHELYMA  CAPILLACEUM,  Bryol.  Eur. 

Hab. — Swift  running  streams ;  rare.     Hall;  (and  Explor.  of  1873). 

THUIDIUM  BLANDOWII,  Web.  &  Molir. 

Hab. — Pine- woods  near  Twin  Lakes.     Downie. 

THUIDIUM  ABIETINUM,  Bryol.  Eur. 

Hal). — Glen  Eyrie,  along  \\it\iHypnum  rugosum.  Ehrh.     Porter. 

HYPNUM  (ELODIUM)  PALUDOSUM,  Sulliv. 

Hab. — Swamps  in  the  Parks.     Hall. 

CLIMACIUM  DENDROIDES  I      Web. 

Hab. — Boggy  places  in  the  mountains,  sterile.  It  has  been  collected 
by  both  Hall  and  Downie  in  the  same  undeterminable  state  of  growth. 
The  leaves  are  shorter  and  more  closely  imbricated  than  in  C.  Amcrica- 
•nunij  Brid. 

PYLAIS^SA  INTRICATA,  (Hedw.,)  Schp. 

Hab. — On  trees,  base  of  the  mountains.     The  specimens  are  without 
fruit,  and  the  species  somewhat  uncertain. 
/  HYPNUM  (BRACHYTHECIUM)  LJETUM,  Brid. 
**  Hab. — On  the  ground,  shaded,  grassy  banks.     Downie. 

HYPNUM  (BRACHYTHECIUM)  ALBTCANS,  Xeck. 

Hab. — On  rocks,  Uinta  Mountains.     Watson's  Catalogue. 

HYPNUM  (BRACHYTHECIUM)  COLLINUM,  Sebp. 

A  variety  merely  differing  from  the  European  form  by  its  conical  oper- 
culuin.  As  the  specimens  have  a  single  ripe  capsule,  it  cannot  be  ascer- 
tained if  this  character  is  merely  casual. 

Hab. — Grassy  banks  in  the  mountains.     Hall;  Downie. 

HYPNUM  (BRACHYTHECIUM)  CAMPESTRE,  Brch.  &  Schp. 

Hab. — Borders  of  Sand  Lake;  sterile.     (Explor.  of  1873.) 
^  HYPNUM  (EURYNCHIUM)  STRIGOSUM,  Hoffm. 

A  diminutive  form,  closely  resembling  H.  diversifolium. 

Hab. — Boots  of  pines  ;  hills  and  low  mountains.     Hall. 
>(   HYPNUM  (EURYNCHIUM)  DIVER SIFOLIUM,  Bryol.  Eur. 

Hab. — Bark  of  dead  pines  in  the  Uiutas.     Watson's  Catalogue. 

HYPNUM  (PLACHOTHECIUM)  NITIDULUM,  Wahl. 

The  form  is  exactly  corresponding  with  the  European  specimens  and 
diifers  from  the  Xorth  American  eastern  specimens  ;  referable  to  a  dif- 
ferent species. 

Hub. — Moist  shaded  banks,  pine  region.     Downie. 

HYPNUM  (PLAGIOTHECIUM)  L^ETUM,  Schpr. 

Hab. — Same  stations  as  the  former.     Hall. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         161 

HYPNUM  (LIMNOBIUM)  EUGYRIUM,  Schpr. 
Hob.  —  On  stones,  in  mountain  streams.    Hall. 
HYPNUM  (AMBLYSTEGIUM)  SUBTILE?    Hoffm. 

It  is  apparently  the  species.    The  capsule  is  too  old  tor  positive  de- 
termination. 

Hob.  —  Upon  stones,  in  dry  creeks.    Hall. 

HYPNUM  (AMBLYSTEGIUM)  SERPENS,  Linn. 
Hal.  —  Wet  ground,  near  springs  and  shaded  banks.    Hall. 
HYPNUM  (AMBLYSTEGIUM)  RADICALE,  Brid. 
Hob.  —  Decayed  wood,  in  canons.    Hall. 
HYPNUM  (AMBLYSTEGIUM)  ORTHOCLADON,  Beauv. 
Hab.  —  On  stones,  borders  of  shaded  springs.    Hall. 
HYPNUM  (CAMPYLIUM)  HISPIDULUM,  Brid. 
Hab.  —  Eoots  of  trees,  low  mountains.    Hall. 
HYPNUM  ADUNCUM,  Hedw.  var.  ?.  polycarpum,  Schpr. 
Hab.  —  Twin  Lakes.     Doicnie. 
HYPNUM  FLUITANS,  Dill. 
Hab.  —  Same  as  the  former  ;  sterile.    Doicnie. 
A  HYPNUM  UNCINATUM,  Hedw. 

Hab.  —  Decayed  wood,  moist  ground,  &c.  ;  common. 

HYPNUM  FILICINUM,  Linn. 

Hab.  —  Eocks  humected  by  springs.    Hall. 

HYPNUM  (RHITIDIUM)  RUGOSUM,  Ehrh. 

Hab.  —  Dry  ground,  mountains  of  middle  altitude  ;  common. 


HYPNUM  (DREPANIUM)  REPTILE,  Michn. 

Hab.  —  Eoot  of  trees  in  pine  woods,  same  altitude.    Hall. 

HYPNUM  (DREPANIUM)  PALLESCENS,  Schpr. 

Hab.  —  On    the    bark  of    dead  pines,  Uinta   Mountains.     Watson's 
Catalogue. 
/  HYPNUM  (DREPANIUM)  CUPRESSIFORME,  Hedw. 

Hab.  —  On  trunks  of  dead  pines  ;  not  rare. 

HYPNUM  (DREPANIUM)  IMPONENS,  Hedw. 

Hab.  —  On  decayed  wood,  base  of  the  mountains.    Hall. 

HYPNUM  (CTENIDIUM)  MOLLUSCUM,  Hedw. 

Hab.  —  Humected  perpendicular  rocks,  in  cafions.    Hall. 

HYPNUM  GIGANTEUM,  Schpr. 

Hab.—  Hot  Springs,  National  Park.     (Explor.  of  1872.) 

HYPNUM  NITENS,  Schreb. 

Hab.  —  Low  grounds,  in  boggy  places.    Hall;  Dotcnie. 


By  HENRY  WILLEY,  ESQ. 

DACTYLINA    MADREPIFORMIS,   Wulf.  —  Horse    Shoe    Mountain,    at 
11,000  feet  altitude,  July  18.     (1.) 
CETRARIA  ISLANDICA,  Ach.  —  An  infertile  fragment.     (2.) 

USNEA  TRICHODEA,  Ach.      (3.) 

THELOSCHISTES  PARIETINUS,  (L.)    (4.) 

PARMELIA  KAMTSCHADALIS,  Eschw.,  var.  AMERICANA,  Xyl.—  Horse 
Shoe  Mountain,  at  11,000  feet  altitude.—  Infertile.     (5.) 
11  F  c 


162  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA   OF    COLORADO. 

PARMELIA  CAPERATA,  Ach. — Infertile.    (6.) 
PARMELIA  CONSPERSA,  Ach.    (7.) 
PARMELIA  OLIVACEA,  Ach.,  var.  EXASPERATA,  Dw.    (8.) 
PARHELIA  LANATA,  Kyi. — Mount  La  Plata,  at  14,200  feet  altitude, 
August  3.    Infertile.     (9.) 
UMBILICARIA  CYLINDRICA,  Ach.  (10.) 
UMBILICARIA  RUGIFERA,  Kyi.  (11) 
PELTIGERA  APHTHOSA,  Hoffm.  (12.) 

PELTIGERA  CANINA,  Hoffni.    (13.) 

SOLORINA  BISPORA,  Kyi.  Syn.  p.  331.  White-House  Mountain,  at 
13,800  feet  altitude,  August. — Perhaps,  as  Kyi.  observes,  only  a  variety 
of  S.  saccata,  from  which  it  differs  in  its  more  urceolate  apothecia  and 
thekes  containing  only  two  spores,  which  in  the  specimens  before  me 
measure  .054  to  .110  mm.  long  and  .027  to  .040  mm.  wide.  Kew  to  this 
continent.  (14.) 

COLLEMA  PULPOSUM,  Ach. — Infertile.  (15.) 

PLACODIUM  CORALLOIDES,  Tuck. — A  small,  infertile  fragment.    (16.) 

PLACODIUM  ELEGANS,  DO.  (17.) 

PLACODIUM  CALLOPISMUM,  Ach.  (18.) 

PLACODIUM  VITELLINUM,  (Ehrh.,)  Ach.  (19.) 

PLACODIUM  CERINUM,  Ach.,  var.,  STILLICIDIORIUM,  Ach. — On  mosses. 
(20.) 

PLACODIUM  BOLACINUM,  Tuck.!  White  House  Mountain,  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  13,000  feet,  August,  (21.) 

LECANORA  STRAMINEA,  Wahl. — A  small,  infertile  fragment.  (22.) 

LECANORA  MURALIS,  (Schreb.,)  Schser.  (23.) 

LECANORA  RUBINA,  Ach.  (24.) 

LECANORA ?.  A  very  small  and  imperfect  specimen,  belonging 

to  the  section  Squamaria  and  distinguished  chiefly  by  its  large  spore^, 
which  are  from  4  to  8  in  the  thekes,  and  measure  from  .019  to  .027  mm. 
long  bv  .007-.008  mm.  \*  ide.  I  cannot  refer  it  to  any  described  species. 
(25.) 

LECANORA  SUBFUSCA,  Ach.  (26.) 

LECANORA  YARIA,  Fr.  (27.) 

LECANORA  BRUNONIS,  Tuck.? — White  House  Mountain,  at  13,000  feet 
altitude,  August. — The  very  small  fragment  seems  to  belong  here,  but 
the  spores  are  at  length  4-locular,  .015  to  .018  mm.  long  by  .004  to  .005 
wide.  (28.) 

LECANORA  CINEREA,  (L.)    (29.) 

LECANORA  CALCAREA,  (L.,)  Somf. — White  House  Mountain  at  13,000 
feet  altitude,  August. — The  specimens  are  elegantly  emgurate.  This 
form  has  before  occurred,  I  believe,  on  this  continent  only  in  Greenland. 
(30.) 

LECANORA  CHLOROPHANA,  (Wahl.,)  Ach. — The  specimens  mostly  deal- 
bate.  (31.) 

LECANORA  XANTHOPHANA,  Kyi.    (32.) 

LECANORA  CERVINA,  (Pers.,)  Sonif.    (33.) 

EINODINA  OREINA,  (Ach.,)  Mass.     (34.) 

RINODINA  SOPHODES,  (Ach.,)  Mass.     (35.) 

STEREOCAULON  PASCHALE,  Laur.  ?    Infertile.    (36.) 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  FLORA  OF  COLORADO.         163 

STEEEOCAULON  CONDENSATUM,  Laur.  ?    Infertile.    (37.) 

CLADONIA  PYXIDATA,  Fr.    (38.) 

CLADONIA  FURCATA,  Flk.,  var.  RACEMOSA,  ib.    (39.) 

CLADONIA  VERMICULARIS,  Ach. — Head-waters  of  Platte  Kiver,  at 
10,000  feet  altitude. — Spermogones  and  spermatia  similar  to  those  de- 
scribed by  Xylander,  have  occurred  to  nie  in  White  House  Mountain 
specimens  of  this  plant.  (40.) 

LECIDEA  CONTIGUA,  Fr. — White  House  Mountain,  at  13,000  feet  alti- 
tude, August.  (41.) 

LECIDEA  CONTIGUA.  Fr.  ?,  with  smaller  apothecia. — Mount  La  Plata,  at 
14,000  feet  altitude.  (41a.) 

LECIDEA  CONFLUENS,  Schaer. — White  House  Mountain,  at  13,000  feet 
altitude.  (42.) 

LECIDEA  ENTEROLEUCA,  Fr. — On  twigs;  the  thallus  lutescent.    (43.) 

LECIDEA  ATRO-BRUNNEA,  (B.C.,)  Schaer. — Mount  La  Plata,  at  14,000 
feet  altitude.  (44.) 

LECIDEA  LUGUBRIS,  (Sornf.,)  Nyl. — White  House  Mountain,  at  13,000 
feet  altitude.  (45.) 

LECIDEA  LAPICIDEA,  Ach. — A  single  small  specimen.    (46.) 

BUELLIA  ALBO-ATRA,  (Hoffm.,)  Nyl.— White  House  Mountain,  at 
13,000  feet  altitude.  (47.) 

BUELLIA  GEOGRAPHIC  A, -(L.,)  Th.  Fr.  (48.) 

STAUROTHELE  UMBRINA,  (Wahl.,)  Tuck. — A  few  traces  of  this  lichen 
occurred  on  fragments  of  rocks  with  other  lichens.  (49.) 

YERRUC  ARIA  PYRENOPHORA,  Nyl.  f — A  single  small  specimen.  Spores 
2-locular,  .027-.32  mm.  long  by  .012-.14  wide.— White  House  Mountain, 
at  13,000  feet  altitude.  (50.) 

YERRUC  ARIA ?  Thallus  hardly  any.  Apothecia  sessile,  globose, 

with  a  depressed  artiole;  perithecia  black,  entire  5  paraphyses  indistinct. 
Eeaction  with  iodine  various,  red.  Spores  2-val.,  4-pluri-locular,  irregu- 
larly muriforni,  colorless  or  slightly  fusescent,  .027-.36  mm.  long  by 
.015-.18  wide.  The  very  small  quantity  of  this  which  occurred  is  hardly 
sufficient  for  its  determination.  It  is  perhaps  new.  (51.) 

YERRUCARIA  —  —  ?  Parasitic  on  a  sterile  thallus,  which  is  perhaps 
that  of  Buellia  epigcea.  Apothecia  minute,  emergent;  paraphyses  dis- 
tinct capillary,  not  colored  by  iodine.  Spores  4-several,  acutely  ellip- 
soid, constricted  in  the  middle,  4-locular,  submuriforin,  colored,  .029-.38 
mm.  long  by  .008-.12  mm.  wide.  (52.) 

ENDOCOCCUS  ERRATICUS,  (Mass.,)  Nyl.  Parasitic  on  Placodium  ele- 
gans.  The  internal  characteristics  appear  to  agree  with  this  species. 
Paraphyses  deficient.  Eeaction  with  iodine  various,  red.  Thekes  ven- 
tricose,  polysporous.  Spores  2-locular,  colored,  .008-.11  mm.  long,  by 
.004-.5  mm.  wide.  Kew  to  this  continent.  (53.) 

FUNGI. 

BY  CHARLES  H.  PECK,  ESQ. 

AGARICUS  LACCATUS,  Scop.  Pileusthin,  convex,  sometimes  expanded ; 
even  or  slightly  umbilicate,  smooth,  or  minutely  scaly,  hygrophanous 
when  moist  dull  reddish-yellow,  or  reddish  flesh-colored,  sometimes  stri 
atulate  on  the  margin,  when  dry  pallid  or  pale  dull  ochraceousj  lamel 
Ise  broad,  rather  thick  and  distant,  not  decurrent,  flesh-colored j  stem 


164  SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    FLORA    OF    COLORADO. 

slender,  firm,  fibrous,  stuffed,  equal,  concolorous.  Plant  very  variable, 
1-6  inches  high ;  pileus  .5-2  inches  broad. — Twin-Lake  Creek,  August. 

AG-ARICUS  YELTJTIPES,  Curt.  Caespitose ;  pileus  fleshy,  thin  on  the 
margin,  convex,  smooth,  very  viscid,  dull  yellow  with  a  brownish  disk 
or  bright  reddish-yellow ;  lamella  close,  rounded  behind,  slightly  at- 
tached, yellowish ;  stem  equal  or  slightly  tapering  upward,  hollow  or 
stuffed,  generally  velvety  and  brown,  sometimes  pale  yellow  and  prim- 
rose. Plant  1-2  inches  high  5  pileus  5-1.5  broad. — Twin-Lake  Creek, 
August. 

AGARICUS  ILLICITUS,  Peck.  Pileus  fleshy,  firm,  broadly  convex  or 
expanded,  smooth,  hygrophanous,  very  dark  brown  when  moist,  paler 
when  dry ;  lamell*  close,  broad,  tapering  outwardly,  plane  or  ventricose, 
rounded  behind,  with  a  very  slight  decurrent  tooth,  pale  dingy  brown  ; 
stem  firm,  equal,  hollow,  scabrous,  distinctly  striate  at  the  top,  paler 
than  the  pileus.  Plant  1.5-2  inches  high  ;  pileus  1-1.5  inches  broad. — 
Twin-Lake  Creek,  August. 

*  AGARICUS. 1    Twin-Lake  Creek,  August. 

*LACTARIUS ?    Twin-Lake  Creek,  August. 

LENZITES  SEPIARIA,  Fr.  Pileus  coriaceous,  tough,  dimidiate,  often 
elongated,  zoned,  strigose-tomentose,  brown,  generally  paler  or  yellow- 
ish on  the  margin ;  lamellae  rather  thick,  slightly  branched  or  anas- 
tomosing, yellowish,  inclining  to  brown. 

Yar.  ft.  POROSA. — Lamellae  abundantly  anastomosing  and  forming 
pores. — Mount  of  the  Holy  Cross  and  Twin-Lake  Creek,  August. 

DACRYMYCES  STILLATUS,  STees.  Subrotund,  convex,  often  plicate, 
yellow  or  orange,  color  persistent  ;  spores  multiseptate. — White  House 
Mountain,  August. 

PUCCINIA  PORTERI,  Peck.  (n.  sp.)  Spots  none;  sori  aniphigeuous, 
crowded  or  scattered,  rotund,  rather  small,  prominent,  brown ;  spores 
oblong  or  obovate-oblong,  constricted  in  the  middle,  about  .0016  inch 
long,  .0007-.0009  inch  broad ;  peduncles  hyaline,  one-half  to  twice  the 
length  of  the  spore.  On  leaves  of  Veronica  alpina.  Twin  Lakes,  July. 
The  sori,  which  are  about  .018  inch  in  diameter,  occupy  the  whole  under 
surface  of  the  leaf,  being  so  closely  placed  as  to  appear  almost  confluent. 
In  some  instances  they  appear  suffused  by  a  cinereous  hue,  due,  perhaps, 
to  the  germination  of  the  spores.  The  sori  on  the  upper  surface  of  the 
leaves  are  scattered  and  comparatively  few.  The  species  seems  to  be 
related  to  P.  brunnea,  Billings,  from  which  it  may  be  separated  by  its 
amphigenous  habit  and  hyaline  peduncles.  Dedicated  by  its  discoverer, 
John  M.  Coulter,  to  Prof.  T.  0.  Porter. 

PEZIZA  VULCANALIS,  Peck.  Hay  deli's  6th  Arm.  Rep.,  1872.  Cup  fleshy, 
funnel-form,  stipitate,  crenate  on  the  margin,  smooth  when  fresh,  rugu- 
lose  and  more  or  less  brown  when  dry;  hymeuium  pale  orange;  stem 
slender,  solid,  smooth,  brown ;  asci  cylindrical ;  paraphyses  slightly  thick- 
ened at  the  tips ;  spores  elliptical,  smooth,  0.0004-0.0006  inch  long,  0.0003 
inch  broad.  Plant,  6-10  lines  high ;  cup  4-6  lines  broad. — Ground. 
Twin-Lake  Creek,  August. 

PEZIZA  SCUTELLATA,  L.  Cups  scattered  or  gregarious,  sessile,  shal- 
low or  plane,  vermillion,  externally  paler  and  hispid,  with  straight  brown 
or  black  hairs;  asci  cylindrical;  paraphyses  clavate  at  the  tips;  spores 
elliptical,  .0008  inch  long.  Plant  usually  about  one-fourth  of  an  inch  in 
diameter,  the  hymenium  fading  in  drying. — Twin-Lake  Creek,  August. 

•'Not  in  determinable  condition. 


INDEX, 


Page- 

Abies 

Douglasii,  Lindl 1*31 

Engelraanni,  Parry 130 

grandis,  Lindl 131 

Menziesii,  Lindl 131 

Abronia,  Juss 116 

cycloptera,  Gray 116 

f  ragrans,  Nutt 116 

Abutilon,  Tourn 16 

parvulum,  Gray 16 

Acer 

glabmm,  Torr 18 

tripartitum,  Nutt 18 

Acerates 

auriculata,  Engelm 114 

decmnbens,  Decne 114 

viridiflora,  Ell 114 

Achillea 

Millef  olium,  L 77 

Aconitum 

nasutum,  Fisch 5 

Actsea 

aryiita.  Xutt 5 

spicata,  L 5 

Actinella 

acaulis,  Xutt 75 

grandiflora,  T.  &  G 76 

Richardsonii,  Nutt 76 

scaposa,  Nutt 76 

Adoxa,  L 53 

Moschatelliua,  L 53 

Agaricns 

illieitus,  Peck 163 

laccatus,  Scop 164 

velutinus,  Curtis 164 

Agrimonia 

Eupatoria,  L 34 

Agrostis 

canina,  L 143 

exarata,  Trin 143 

scabra,  Willd 143 

vulgaris,  With 143 

Aira 

csespitosa,  L 151 

danthonioides,  Trin 152 

ALISMACE.E 132 

Allionia,  L 116 

incaruata,  L 116 

Alliurn 

cernuum.  Roth 135 

reticulatum,  Fras 135 

Allosorus 

acrostichoides,  Spring 153 

Alnus 

incana,  Willd 127 

viridis,  Ait 127 

Alopecurus 

alpinus,  Smith 142  ' 

aristulatus,  MX 142  ! 


.,  . 
Alsme 

biflora,  Wahl 14 

AMARANTACEJE 119 

Amarantus 

albus,  L 119 

retroflexus,  L 119 

AMARYLLJDACE^: 133 

Amblyodon 

dealbatus,  Pal.  Beany 159 

Ambrosia 

psilostachya.  DC 69 

trifida,  L...'. 69 

Amelanchier 

Canadensis,  T.  &  G 33 

Amianthium 

XuttaUH,  Gray 133 

Amorpha 

canescens,  Nutt 23 

fruticosa,  Nutt 23 

Ampelopsis 

quinquef  olia,  MX 18 

Anacalypta 

latifolia,  Schwsegr 156 

AXACARDIACEJE 19 

Andropogon 

argenteus,  DC 152 

furcatus,  Muhl 152 

scoparius,  MX: 152 

Androsace 

carinata,  Torr 90 

Chamaejasme,  Willd 90 

filiformis,  Retz 89 

occidentalis,  Nutt ^> 

septentriouaUs,  L 89 

Anemone 

Caroliniana,  L 2 

cylindrica,  Gray 2 

mnltifida,  DC 2 

narcissiflora,  L 2 

parviflora,  MX 2 

patens,  L 2 

Pennsylvania,  L 2 

Antennaria 

alpina,  Gsertn '. 79 

Carpathica,  R.  Br 

dioica,  Gsertn 79 

Aniepliora 

axiUiflora,  Steud 147 

Aplwra 

humilia,  Engelm 126 

Aphyllon 

f asciculatum,  T.  &  G 90 

imifloruin.  T.  &  G 90 

APOCYXACE.E 113 

Apocinum; 

androssemif  olium,  L 113 

cannabinum,  L 113 

Aplopappus,  Cass 65 

croceus,  Gray 66 


166 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Aplopappus — Continued. 

Fremontii,  Gray 66 

inuloides,  T.  &  G 66 

Lyallii,Gray 66 

Macronema,  Gray 66 

Parryi,  Gray 66 

pygmseus,  Gray 66 

rubiginosus,  T.  &  G 65 

spinulosus,  DC 65 

Aquilegia 

brevistyla,  Hook 4 

caerulea,  Torr 4 

Canadensis,  L 4 

chrysantha,  Gray 4 

leptocera,  Nutt 4 

vulgaris,  L 4 

Arabia 

Drummondii,  Gray 6 

hirsuta,  Scop 6 

retrof racta,  Grah 6 

ARALIACEJS 53 

Archangelica 

Gmelini,  DC 52 

Arctostaphylos 

Uva-ursi,  Spreng 88 

Arenaria 

alpina,  L 14 

arctica,  Stev 14 

congesta,  Nutt 13 

Fendleri,  Gray 13 

lateriflora,  L 14 

verna,  L 14 

Arceuthobium,  Bieb 124 

Americanum,  Engelm 124 

robustum,  Engelm 124 

Archemora 

Fendleri,  Gray 52 

Argemone 

Mexicana,  L 6 

Argyrothamnia,  Miill 126 

humilis,  Miill 126 

Aristida 

9  oligantha,  MX 146 

purpurea,  Nutt 146 

Arnica 

angustif  olia,  "VVahl 79 

Chamissonis,  Less 79 

cordifolia,  Hook 80 

latif olia,  Bong 80 

mollis,  Hook 80 

Artemisia 

arctica,  Less 78 

borealis,  Pall 78 

Canadensis,  MX 78 

discolor,  Dougl 78 

dracunculoides 78 

nlif olia,  Torr 78 

frigida,  Willd 78 

Ludoviciana,  Nutt 78 

Parry i ,  Gray 78 

scopulorum,  Gray 78 

tridentata,  Pursh 78 

ASCLEPIADACE^E 113 

Asclepias 

brachy stepliana,  Eng 114 

Jamesii,  Torr 114 

ovalifolia,  Decne 114 

speciosa,  Torr 113 

tuberosa,  L. 114 

verticillata,  L. 114 


Page. 

Aspidium 

Filix-mas,  S  wz 154 

Asplenium 

ebeneum,  Ait 154 

Filix-fceniina,  Bernli 154 

septentrionale,  L 154 

Trichomanes,  L 154 

Aster 

adscendens,  Lindl 56 

aestivus,  Ait 56 

angustus,  T.  &  G 58 

carneus,  Nees 56 

elegans,  T.  &  G 57 

Engelmannij  Gray 57 

ericoides,  L 56 

f  alcatus,  Lindl 56 

Fendteri,  Gray 56 

glacialis,  Nutt 57 

glaucus,  T.&G 58 

laevis,  L 56 

multifl orus,  Ait 56 

Nuttallii,T.  &  G 56 

oblongif  olius,  Nutt 56 

ptarmicoides,  T.  &  G 58 

salsuginosus,  Richards 57 

Astragalus 

aboriginum,  Richards 25 

adsurgetis,  Pall 23 

alpinus,  L 26 

bisulcatus,  Gray 28 

Brandegei,  Porter 24 

campestris,  Gray 29 

Canadensis,  L 23 

caryocarpus,  Ker 23 

cyaneus,  Gray 27 

decumbens,  Gray 29 

Drummondii,  Dougl 24 

Fendleri,  Gray 28 

Jilif olius,  Gray 27 

flexuosus,  Dougl 28 

f rigidus,  Gray 27 

glabriusculus,  Gray 26 

gracilis,  Nutt 25 

gradlis,  Torr 25 

Hallii,  Gray 28 

hypoglottis,  L 24 

iodaiithus,  Watson 25 

junceus,  Gray 29 

Kentrophyta,  Gray 30 

leptaleus,  Gray 28 

lonchocarpus,  T.  &  G 27 

lotiflorus,  Hook 26 

Mexicanus,  DC 23 

microlobus,  Gray 25 

Missouriensis,  Nutt 26 

mollissinms,  Torr 23 

rnultiflorus,  Gray 29 

nigresccns,  Gray 29 

oroboides,  Hornem 26 

Parryi,  Gray 27 

pectinatus,  Dougl 28 

pictus,  Gray 27 

Plattensis,  Nutt 23 

pubentissimus,  T.  &  G 26 

racemosus,  Pursh 25 

scopulorum,  Porter 24 

sericoleucus,  Gray 30 

Shortianns,  Nutt 27 

simplicif olius,  Gray 29 

sparsifloras,  Gray 26 


INDEX. 


167 


Page. 

Astragalus — Continued. 

8triatu8,  Nutt 23 

tegetarius,  Watson 165 

tridactylicus,  Gray 30 

tridorus,  Gray 27 

Atriplex 

patula,  L 117 

Aulacomnion 

palustre,  Sckwsegr 159 

Arena 

striata,  MX 151 

Bacckaris 

salicina.  T.  &  G 67 

Bakia,  Lag 75 

oppositif  olia,  T.  &  G 75 

Barbula 

niucrouif  olia,  Sdiwaegr 156 

rigida,  Sckultz 156 

ruralis,  Hedw 156 

subulata,  Brid 156 

Bartraniia 

fontana,  Brid 159 

itkypky lla,  Brid 159 

Beckniaunia,  Host 152 

erucaeformis,  Host 152 

BERBERIDACE.E 5 

Berberis 

Aquifoliuni,  Pursk 5 

Betula 

glandulosa,  MX 127 

occidentalis,  Hook 127 

BETULACE.E 127 

Blitum 

capitaturu,  L 117 

Bidens 

bipinnata,  L 73 

ckrysantkenioides,  MX 73 

frondosa,  L 73 

tenuiseeta,  Gray 73 

Bigelovia,  DC 63 

Bigelovii,  Gray 64 

depressa.  Gray 64 

Douglasii,  Gray 64 

graveolens,  Gray 64 

Howardii,  Gray 63 

Parryi,  Gray 64 

BORRAGIXACEJB 100 

Botryckium 

Virginicum,  S  wz 154 

Bouteloua 

curtipendula,  Gray 147 

kirsuta,  Lag 147 

oligostackya,  Torr 147 

Brickellia,  Ell 55 

Californica,  Gray 55 

grandiflora,  Nutt 55 

Brizopyruni 

spicatum,  Hook 150 

Bromus 

ciliatus,  L 151 

Kalmii,  Gray 150 

Briinella 

vulgaris,  L 100 

Bryum 

alpinum,  L 159 

argenteum,  L 159 

bimuin,  Scki'eb 156 

csespiticium,  L 159 

cirrkatum,  Hoppe  &  Hornsck 15S 


Page. 

Bryum — Continued. 

intermedium,  W.  &  M 158 

Muklenbeckii,  Br.  Eur 158 

pendulum  (Hornsck.),  Sckp 158 

pseudo-triquetrum,  Hedw 159 

roseum,  Dill 159 

Buckloe,  Engelm 147 

dactyloides,  Eugekn 147 

Buellia 

albo-atra  (Hofl&n. ),  Nyl 163 

geograpkica  (L.),  Tk.  Fr 163 

CACTACE.E 47 

Calamagrostis 

Canadensis,  Beauv 145 

longifolia,  Torr 145 

stricta,  Trim 145 

sylvatica,  DC 145 

Calamintka 

Clinopodium,  Bentk 99 

Calandrinia,  H.  &  B 14 

pygmsea,  Gray , 14 

Callirkoe 

involucrata,  Gray 15 

Calockortus,  Pursk 134 

Gnnnisoni,  Watson 134 

venustus,  Bentk 134 

Caltka 

leptosepala,  DC 4 

Calypso 

borealis,  Salisb 133 

Calystegia 

sepium,  R.  Br 109 

Camelina 

sativa,Crantz 10 

j  Campanula 

apariuoides,  Pursk 88 

Langsdorfiiana,  Fisck 88 

rot  imdif  olia,  L 87 

uniflora,  L 88 

CAMPAXULACE.E 87 

Campylopus 

frigidus,  Lesqx 155 

Hallii,  Lesqx 155 

CAPPARIDACE.E 10 

CAPRIFOLIACEJC 53 

Cardamiue 

cordifolia,  Gray 6 

kirsuta,  L 6 

Carex 

artusta.Boott 141 

affinis,  R.  Br 139 

alpina,  L 142 

atkrostackya,  Olney 140 

atrata,  L - 141 

aurea,  Nutt 142 

Backii,  Boott 139 

Bonplandii,Ktk 140 

Buxbauuiii,  Wakl 141 

canescens,  L 140 

capillaris,  L 142 

coiijuncta,  Boott 139 

Deweyana,  Sckweiii 140 

disticlia,  Huds 139 

Douglasii,  Boott 139 

f estiva,  Dew 140 

filifolia,  Nutt 139 

Gayana,  Dew 140 

Geyeri.  Boott 142 

Hallii,  'Olney 139 


168 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Carex — Continued. 

Jamesii,  Torr 141 

lanuginosa,  MX 142 

leporina,  L 140 

limula,  Fries 141 

longirostris,  Torr 142 

marcida,  Boott 139 

muricata,  L 139 

NebrasJcemis,  Dew 141 

nigricans,  E.  Meyer 138 

obtusata,  Lilj 139 

Parryana,  Boott 139 

pauciflora,  Lightf 139 

Pennsylvania,  Lam 142 

petasata,  Dew - 139 

phyllostachya,  Dew 142 

polytrichoides,  Muhl 139 

Pyrenaica,  Wahl 138 

rigida,  Good 141 

Rossii,  Boott   142 

scirpoidea,  MX 139 

siccata,  Dew 139 

stellulata,  L 140 

etenophylla,  Wahl 140 

straminea,  Schk 141 

tenella,Schk 140 

tenera,  Dew 141 

Torreyi,  Tuckerm 142 

CAYOPHYLLCE.E 12 

Cassia 

Chamsecrista,  L 33 

Castilleia 

brevifl  ora,  Gray 96 

Integra,  Gray 96 

linarisef olia,  Benth 95 

miniata,  Dougl 96 

pallida,  Kth 96 

parviflora.  Bong 96 

Catabrosa,  Beauv 149 

aqnatica,  Beauv 149 

Ceanotlius 

Ameriecams.  L 18 

Fendleri,  Gray 18 

ovalis,  Bigelow 18 

ovatus,  Desf 18 

velutinus,  Dougl 18 

CELASTRIXEJE 18 

Celtis 

occidentalis,  L 127 

Ceiichrus 
tribuloides,  L 

Cerastiura 

arvense,  L 13 

vulgatum,  L 13 

Ceratodon 

purpureus,  Brid 156 

Cercocarpus,  H.  B.  K 34 

parvif  olius,  Nutt 34 

Cereus,  Haw 48 

conoideus,  Eng.  &  Big 49 

Fendleri,  Eng 48 

gonacanthus,  Eng.  &  Big 48 

phceniceus,  Eng 49 

viridiftorus,  Eng 48 

Cetraria 

'    Islandica,  Ach 161 

Chsenactis,  DC 74 

ackillecefolia,  H.  &  A 74 

Douglasii,  H.  &  A 74 


Page. 

Chamferhodos,  Bunge 35 

erecta,  Bunge 35 

Cheilanthes 

Eatoni,  Baker 153 

Fendleri,  Hook 153 

lanuginosa,  Nutt 153 

tomentosa,  Link 153 

CHENOPODIACE.E 116 

Chenopodina 

depressa,  Moq 118 

Chenopodium 

album,  L 116 

Feudleri,  Watson 117 

glaucum,  L 117 

hybridum,  L •  117 

Chionophila,  Benth 94 

Jamesii,  Benth 94 

Chrysopsis 

villosa,  Nutt 67 

Chrysosplenium 

alternifolium,  L ; 40 

Chrysothamnus 

depressus,  Nutt 64 

Cicuta 

maculata,  L 49 

Circaea 

alpina,  L 46 

Cirsium 

Drummondii,  T.  &  G 84 

edule,N\itt 84 

eriocephalum,  Gray 84 

foliosurn,  DC 84 

ochrocentrurn,  Gray 85 

Cladonia 

furcata,  Flk 163 

pyxidata,  Fr 163 

vermicularis,  Ach 163 

Claytonia 

arctica,  Adams 15 

Caroliniana,  MX 14 

Chamissonis,  Esch.  &  Led 15 

Clematis 

alpina,  L 1 

Douglasii,  Hook 1 

ligusticifolia,  Nutt 1 

Scottii,  Porter 1 

Cleome,  L 10 

integrifolia,  T.  &  G 10 

Cleoinella,  DC 11 

angustifolia,  Torr 11 

tenuifplia,  Torr 11 

Climacmm 

dendroides,  Web 160 

Collema 

pulposum,  Ach 162 

Collinsia 

parviflora,  Dougl 90 

Collomia,  Nutt 105 

gracilis,  Dougl 106 

linearis,  Nutt 105 

longifl ora,  Gray 106 

Comandra 

pallida,  DC 124 

Commelyna 

Virginica,  L 138 

COMMELYXACE.E 138 

COMPOSITE 54 

CONIFERvE 129 

CONVOLVULACE^:  . .  108 


INDEX. 


169 


Page. 

Convolvulus 

hattatw,  Nutt 109 

lobatus,  Eng.  &  Gray 109 

JVnttaHii,Toir 109 

Conyza,  L 67 

Coulteri,  Gray 67 

subdecurrenSj  Gray 67 

Corallorhiza 

multiflora,  Nutt 133 

Coreopsis 

in volucrata,  Nutt 72 

tinctoria,  Nutt 72 

Corispermum 

hyssopif  olium,  L 117 

CORXACE.E \ 53 

Conine 

Canadensis,  L 53 

pubescens,  Nutt 53 

sericea,  L 53 

stolonifera,  MX 53 

Corylus 

rostrata,  Ait 127 

Cosmidium,  T.  &  G 72 

CRASSULACE^E 42 

Crepis,  L 86 

acuminata,  Nutt 86 

ambigua.  Gray 85 

nana,  Kicliards 86 

occideutalis,  T.  &  G 86 

runcinata,  T.  &  G 86 

Croton 

m  u ricatus,  Nutt 126 

Texensis,   Mull 126 

CRUCIFER.E 6 

Cryptogramme 

acrostichoides,  R.  Br 153 

Cucurbita 

perennis,  Gray 49 

CUCURBITACEJE 49 

CUPULIFER.E 127 

Cuscuta 

arvensis,  Beyrich 109 

cuspidata,  Eng 109 

decora,  Choisy  &  Eng 109 

Grouovii,  Willd 109 

Cymopterus,  Raf 50 

alpinus,  Gray 50 

auisatus,  Gray 50 

glomeratus,  DC 50 

montamis,  Nutt 50 

Cycloloma 

platyphylluni,  Moq 116 

Cy  nap  him 

apiifoUum,  Nutt 51 

Cynthia 

Virginica,  Don 85 

CYPERACE.E 138 

Cyperus 

inflexus,  Muhl 138 

Schweinit^ii,  Torr 138 

Cypripedium 

parviflorum,  Salisb 133 

pubescens,  Willd 133 

Cyrtorrhynca 

ranunculina,  Nutt „ 3 

Cystopteris 

fragilis,  Bernh 154 

Dactylina 

niadrepif orniis,  Wulf 161 


Page. 

Dacrymyces 
stillatus,  Nees 164 

Dalea 

alopecuroides,  Willd 23 

Jamesii,  Torr 23 

laxinora,  Gray 22 

nana,  Torr 22 

Danthonia 
sericea,  Nutt 151 

Daucns 
Carota,L 53 

Delphinium 

azureum,  MX 5 

elatum,  L 4 

Menziesii,  DC 5 

scopulorum,  Gray 5 

Desmatodon 

latifolius,  Br.  Eur 156 

Lauren,  Schultz 156 

sistylius,  Br.  Eur 156 

Diaperia,  Nutt 68 

prolifera,  Nutt 68 

Dichelyma 
capiilaceum,  Br.  Eur 160 

Dicranum 

f  tiscescens,  Turn 155 

gracilescens,  W.  &  M 155 

Muhlenbeckii,  Br.  Eur 155 

pellucidum,  Hedw 155 

rhabdocarpon,  Sulliv 155 

varium,  Hedw 155 

virens,  Hedw 155 

Didymodon 
riibellus,  Br.  Eur 156 

Dieteria 

asteroides,  Torr 59 

coronopifolia,  Nutt 59 

Dissodon 

Frcelichianus,  Frcel 158 

Hornschuchii,  Grev.  &  Arn 158 

Distichium 

capiilaceum,  Br.  Eur 156 

inclinatum,  Br.  Eur 156 

Dodecatheon 
Meadia,L 90 

Draba 

alpina,  L 

aurea,  Vahl 

crassif olia,  Grah 

cuneif olia,  Nutt 

streptocarpa,  Gray 

Dracocephalnm 
parviflorum,  Benth 100 

Dryas 
octopetala,  L 34 

Dysodia 

chry santhemoides,  Lag 73 

Echinocactus,  Link  &  Otto 48 

Simpsoni,   Engelin 48 

Echinocystis 

lobata,T.&G 49 

Echiiiosperniuni 

deflexum,  Lehm 103 

floribundum,  Lehm 103 

Redowskii,  Lehm 103 

ELATIXACE.E 15 

Elatine 
Americana,  Arn 15 

ELEAGXACE^E 124 


170 


INDEX. 


Page. 

EleDcharis 

acicularia,  Br 138 

compressa,  Sulliv 138 

olivacea,  Torr 138 

palustris,  R.  Br 138 

Ellisia 

Nyctelea,  L 103 

Elymus: 

Canadensis,  L 151 

condensatus,  Presl 1 .  151 

Sitanion,  Schult 151 

Elyna,  Schrad 138 

spicata,  Schrad 138 

Encalypta 

apophysata,  N.  &H 158 

commutata,  N.  &  H 157 

rhabdocarpa,  ScliwsBgr 157 

streptocarpa,  Hedw 157 

vulgaris,  Hedw 157 

Endococcus 

erraticus  (Mass. ),  Nyl 163 

Epilobium 

alpinum,  L 43 

angustif  olinm,  L 43 

latifolium,  L 43 

palustre,  L 43 

paniculatum,  L 43 

tetragonum,  L 43 

EQUISETACE.E 152 

Equisetum 

arvense,  L 152 

leevigatum,  A.  Br 153 

pratense,  Ehrli 152 

variegatum,  Schleich 153 

Eragrostis 

Purshii,  Bernh 150 

ERICACEAE 88 

Ericameria,  Nutt 65 

Erigeron 

acre,L 60 

armerisef  olium,  Turcz 60 

Bellidiastruin,  Nutt 60 

Canadense,  L 59 

canuin,  Gray 62 

compositum,  Pursh 59 

Coulteri,  Porter 61 

divaricatuin,  MX 59 

divergens,  T.  &  G 61 

glabellum,  Nutt 61 

glandulosum,  Porter 60 

grandiflorum,  Hook 60 

macranthum,  Nutt 61 

pumilum,  Nutt 61 

trifidum,  Hook 60 

uniflorum,  L 60 

ursimim  Eaton 60 

Eriocoma,  Nutt 146 

cuspidata,  Nutt 146 

Eriogonum,  MX 119 

acaule,  Nutt 120 

alatum,  Torr 119 

annuum,  Nutt 122 

brevicaule,  Nutt 122 

cernuum,  Nutt 122 

e#MS?m,Nutt 121 

flavum,  Nutt 120 

Gordon!,  Benth 122 

heracleoides,  Nutt 120 

Jamesii,  Benth 120 


Page. 

Eriogonum,  MX — Continued. 

lachnogynum,  Torr 121 

niicrothecum,  Nutt 121 

multiceps,  Ker 121 

ovalif olium,  Nutt 121 

pauciflorum,  Pursh 121 

tenellum,  Torr 122 

umbellatum,  Torr 120 

Eriophorum 

polystachyon,  L 138 

Eritrichium,  Schrad 101 

angustif  olium,  Torr 102 

crassisepalum,  Torr 102 

glomeratum,  DC 102 

Jamesii  Torr 103 

villosuni,  DC 101 

virgatu  m,  Porter 102 

Erysimum 

asperum,  DC 8 

cheirauthoides,  L 8 

Erythronium 

grandiflorum,  Pursh 134 

Euchroma 

Ireviflora,  Nutt 96 

Eupatorium 

ageratifolium,  DC 55 

Berlandieri,  DC 55 

purpureum,  L 55 

Euphorbia 

dictyosperma,  Engelm 126 

Fendleri,T.  &  G 125 

glyptosperma,  Engelm 125 

hexagona,  Nutt 125 

lata,  Engelm 124 

inaculata,  L 125 

marginata,  Pursh 125 

inontana,  Engelm 126 

obtusata,  Pursh 126 

petaloidea,  Engelm 125. 

revoluta,  Engelm 125 

EUPHORBIACE^; 124 

Eurotia,  Adams 118 

lanata,  Moq 118 

Eutoca 

sericea,  Grah 103 

Evolvulus 

argenteus,  Pursh 109 

Fallugia,  Eudl 35 

paradoxa,  Torr 35 

Festuca 

brevifolia,  Br 150 

ovina,  L 150 

FILICES 153 

Fontinalis 

antipyretica,  L 160 

Neo-Mexicana,  S.  &  L 160 

Fragaria 

vesca,  L '  35 

Virginiana,  Ehrh 35 

Frankenia,  L 12 

Jamesii,  Torr 12 

FRANKENIACE.E 12 

Franseria,  Cav 69 

discolor,  Nutt 69 

Hookeriana,  Nutt 69 

tenuif olia,  Gray 69 

tomentosa,  Gray 69 

Frasera 

speciosa,  Dougl 113 


INDEX. 


171 


Fremont  ia 


Page. 
118 

6 


FUMARIACEJE  ..................... 

Fun  aria 

hybernica,  Hook  ................  158 

hygrometrica.  Hedw  ............  158 

FUNGI  ............................  163 

Gaillardia,  Foug...  ...............  73 

cristata,  Pursh  ..................  73 

pinnatifida,  Torr  ................  73 

pulchella,  Foug  ........  .  ........  73 

Galium 

Aparine,  L  ......................  54 

asperrimum,  Gray  ...............  54 

boreale,  L  .......................  54 

trifidurn,  L  .....................  54 

triflorum,  MX  .........  .  .........  54 

Gaultheria 

Myrsinitis,  Hook  ................  88 

Gaura 

coccinea,  Nutt  ..................  46 

parviflora,  Dougl  ...............  46 

Gayophytum,  Juss  .................  44 

racemosum,  T.  &  G  ..............  44 

ramosissimum,  T.  &  G  ..........  44 

Gentiana 

acuta,  MX  .......................  Ill 

affinis,  Smith  ...................  112 

Ainarella,  L  .....................  Ill 

barbellata,  Engelm  ..............  Ill 

detonsa,  Fries  ...................  Ill 

frigida,  Haenke  .................  112 

heterosepala,  Engehu...  .........  Ill 

humilis,  Stev  ...................  112 

Parryi,  Engelm  .................  112 

prostrata,  Haenke  ...............  112 

tenella,  Fries  ....................  Ill 

GENTIANACE^E  ....................  Ill 

GERANIACEJE  .....................  17 

Geranium 

albiflorum,  Hook  .................  17 

Fremontii,  Torr  .................  17 

Richardsouii,  F.  &  M  ............  17 

Geum 

macrophyllum,  Willd  ............  35 

Rossii,  Seringe  ..................  35 

strictum,  Ait  ....................  35 

triflorum,  Pursh  .................  35 

Gerardia 

tenuifolia,  Vahl  .................  95 

Gilia,  Ruiz  &  Pav  ................  106 

aggregata,  Spreng  ..............  107 

congesta,  Hook  .................  107 

inconspicua,  Dougl  ..............  108 

minima,  Gray  ...................  107 

nudicaulis,  Gray  ................  106 

Nuttallii,  Gray  ..................  106 

pinnatifida,  Nutt  ................  107 

pungens,  Benth  .................  106 

spicata,Nutt  ....................  107 

Glaux 

maritima,  L  ..........  ............  90 

Glyceria 

aquatic  a,  Smith  .................  149 

airoides,  Thurb  ...........  ......  149 

distans,  Wahl  ...................  149 

pauciflora,  Presl  ................  149 

Glycyrrhiza 

lepidota,  Xutt  ...................  31 


Page. 
Gnaphalium 

decurrens,  Ives 79 

luteo-album,  L 78 

Sprengelii,  H.  &A 78 

strictum,  Gray 79 

Goodyera 

Menziesii,  Lindl 132 

GRAMIXE.E 142 

Graphephorum 

flexuosum,  Thurb 148 

Gratiola 

Virginiana,L 95 

Grimmia 

apocarpa,  Hedw 156 

calyptrata,  Hook 157 

conferta,  Funk 156 

leucophsea,  Grev 157 

ovata,  W.  &M 157 

plagiopodia,  Hedw 157 

trichophylla,  Grev 157 

Grindelia,  Willd 67 

squarrosa,  Dunal 67 

Gutierrezia,  Lag 62 

Euthamise,  T.  &  G 62 

Gymnostomum 

rupestre,  Schwaegr 155 

Habenaria 

dilatata,  Gray 132 

hyperborea,  Gray 132 

obtusata,  Lindl 132 

HALORAGE.E 43 

Hedeoma 

Drummondii,  Benth 99 

hirta,  Nutt 

hispida,  Pursh 

piperita,  Benth 99 

Hedwigia 

ciliata,  Ehrh 157 

Hedysarum 

Mackenzii,  Richards 31 

Helenium 

autumnale,  L 76 

Hoopesii,  Gray 76 

Helianthella,  T.  &  G 

Parryi,  Gray 

uniflora,  T.  &G 71 

Helianthus 

giganteus,  L 

lenticularis,  Dougl 

orgyalis,DC 71 

petiolaris,  Nutt 

pumilus,  Nutt 

rigidus,  Desf 

Heliomeris,  Nutt 

multiflora,  Nutt 72 

Heliopsis 

Isevis,  Pers 70 

Heliotropium 

convolvulaceum,  Gray 

Curassavicum,  L 103 

Hemicarpha 

subsquarf  osa,  Nees 

Heracleum 

lanatum,  MX 

I  Hesperis 

Pallasii,T.&G 9 

Heuchera 

bracteata,  Seringe 

Hallii,  Gray 41 


172 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Heuchera — Continued. 

parvifolia,  Nutt 40 

eracium 

albiflorum,  Hook 85 

Fendleri,  Schultz 85 

triste,  Willd 85 

Hierochloa 

borealis,  R.  &  S 152 

Hippuris 

vulgaris,  L 43 

Hoffmanseggia,  Cav 

drepanocarpa,  Gray 33 

Jamesii,  T.  &G 33 

Homalobus 

decunibens,  Nutt 29 

Hordeum 

jubatum,  L 151 

pratense,  Huds 151 

Hosackia,  Dougl 

Purshiana,  Benth 21 

Humulus 

Lupulus,  L 127 

Hutchinsia 

calycina,  Desv... 8 

HYDROPHYLLACE.E 103 

Hydrophyllum 

Virginicum,  L 103 

Hymenopappus 

tenuif  olius,  Pursh 75 

HYPERICACE.E 15 

Hypericum 

Scouleri,  Hook 15 

Hypoxys 

juncea,  Smith 133 

Hypnum 

aduncuin,  Hedw 161 

albicans,  Neck 160 

campestre,  Br.  &  Sch 160 

collinum,  Schp 160 

cupressif orme,  Hedw 161 

diversif olium,  Br.  Eur 160 

eugyrium  Schp 161 

filicinum,  L 161 

fluitans,  Dill 161 

giganteum,  Schp 161 

hispidulum,  Brid 161 

imponens,  Hedw 161 

]setum,  Brid 160 

laetum,  Schp 160 

molluscum,  Hedw 161 

nitens,  Schreb 161 

nitidulum,  Wahl 160 

orthocladon,  Beauv 161 

pallescens,  Schp 161 

paludosum,  Sulliv 160 

radicale,  Brid 161 

reptile,  MX 161 

rugosum,  Ehrh 161 

serpens,  L 161 

strigosum,  Hoffm 160 

subtile,  Hoffm 161 

uncinatum,  Hedw 161 

lonidium,  Vent 11 

lineare,  Torr 11 

Ipomsea 

leptophylla,  Torr 108 

IRIDACEJS 133 

Iris 

tenax,  Dougl 133 


Page. 

Iva 

axillaris,  Pursh 69 

ciliata,  Willd 69 

xanthiifolia,  Gray 69 

Jamesia,  T.  &G 41 

Americana,  T.  &  G 41 

JASMINES 114 

JUNCACE.E 135 

Juncus 

alpinus,  Vill 137 

arcticus,  Willd 136 

articulatm,  Willd 137 

Balticus,  Deth 136 

buf onius,  L 137 

castaneus,  Smith 136 

Drummondii,  E.  Meyer 136 

ensifolim,  Hook 137 

Hallii,  Engelm 136 

longistylis,  Torr 137 

Mertensianus,  Bong 137 

Menzlesii,  Gray 137 

nodosus,  L 137 

Parryi,  Engelm 136 

triglumis,  L 136 

xiphioides,  E .  Meyer 137 

Juniperus 

communis,  L .  132 

Virginiana,  L 132 

Kallstro3mia,  Scop 17 

maxima,  T.  &  G 17 

Kalmia 

glauca,  Ait 88 

Kobresia 

scirpina,  Willd 138 

Kceleria 

cristata,  Pers 149 

Kuhnia 

eupatorioides,  L 55 

LABIATJE 98 

Lathy  rus 

linearis,  Nutt 32 

ornatus,  Nutt 

palustris,  L 32 

polymorphus,  Nutt 32 

pubescens,  Nutt 32 

venosus,  Muhl 32 

Lecanora 

Brunonis,  Tuckerm 162 

calcarea  (L.),  Somf 162 

cervina  (Pers.),  Nyl 162 

chlorophana  (Wahl.),  Ach 162 

cinerea,  L 162 

muralis  (Schreb.),  Schser 162 

rubina,Ach 162 

straminea,  Wahl 162 

subf  usca,  Ach 162 

varia,  Fr 162 

xanthophysa,  Nyl 162 

Lecidea 

atro-brunnea  (DC.),  Schser 163 

confluens,  Schaer 163 

contigua,  Fr 163 

enteroleuca  Fr 163 

lapicidea,  Ach 163 

lugubris  (Somf.),  Nyl 163 

LEGUMINOS.E 19 

Lemna 

minor,  L 132 

LEMNACE^E 132 


INDEX. 


173 


Page. 

LEXTIBULACE.E 90 

Lenzites 

sepiaria,  Fr 164 

Lepachys 

colunmaris,  T.  &  G 70 

Lepidium 

alyssoides,  Gray 10 

intermedium,  Gray 10 

montanum,  Nutt 10 

sativum,  L 10 

Leptobryum 

pyriforme  (L.,)   Schp... 158 

Leptochloa 

f  aseicularis,  Gray 148 

Leptotrichum 

glaucescens  (Hampe),  Hedw 156 

Lepturus 

paniculatus,  Nutt 151 

Leucampyx,  Gray 77 

Newberryi,  Gray 77 

Leucocrinum,  Nutt 135 

montanum,  Nutt 135 

Liatris 

punctata,  Hook 54 

scariosa,  Willd 54 

LICHEXES 161 

Ligusticnm 

apiifolium,  H.  &  B 51 

montauum,  Gray 51 

scopulorum,  Gray 51 

LILIACE.E 133 

Lilium 

Philadelphicum,  L 134 

Limosella 

aquatica,  L 95 

LIXACE^E 16 

Linaria 

Canadensis,  Spreng 90 

Linnsea 

borealis,  Gronov 53 

Linosyris,  Lobel 63 

Bigelovii,  Gray 64 

depressa,  Torr 64 

graveolens,  T.  &  G 64 

Hoicardii,  Parry „ 63 

Parry i,  Gray 64 

sernilata,  Torr 65 

viscidijiora,  T.  &  G 64 

Linnm 

perenne,  L 16 

rigidum,  Pursh '. .  16 

Lippia 

lanceolata,  MX 98 

Listera 

cordata,  E.  Br 133 

Lithopkragma 

parviflora,  Xutt 40 

Lithospermum 

angustif olium,  MX 100 

hirtum,  Lehm 101 

longiflorum,  Spreng 100 

pilosum,  Nutt 101 

Lloydia,  Salisb 134 

serotina,  Reich 134 

LOASACEJS 47 

Lobelia 

cardinalis,  L 87 

syphilitica,  L 87 

LOBELIACE.E...  87 


Page. 

Lonicera 

involucrata,  Banks 53 

Lophanthus 

anisatus,  Benth 100 

urticsef olius,  Beiitk 10 

LORANTHACE^: 124 

Lupinus 

argenteus,  Pursh 20 

ceespitosus,  Nutt 20 

decumbens,  Torr 20 

omatus,  Dougl 19 

parviflorus,  Nutt 20 

pusillus,  Pursh 20 

Luzula 

pardflora,  Desv 135 

spadicea,  DC '  135 

spicata,  Desv 136 

Lychnis 

apetala,  L 12 

Drurumondii,  Watson 12 

LYCOPODIACE^: 154 

Lycopodium 

annotinuin,  L 154 

Lycopus 

sinuatus^Ell 98 

Lygodesniia 

juncea,  Don 86 

Lysimachia 

ciliata,  L 90 

LYTHRACE^E 

Lythrum 

alatum,  Pursh 46 

Machieranthera,  Nees 58 

canescens,  Gray 59 

pulverulenta,  Nees 58 

tanacetif olia,  Nees 59 

Macronema,  Nutt 65 

discoidea,  Nutt 66 

Macrorrhynchus,  Less 87 

glaucus  Eaton 87 

troximoides,  T.  &  G 87 

MALVACEAE 15 

Malvastrum 

coccineum,  Gray 16 

Mamillaria,  Haw 47 

Nuttallii,  Engeka 47 

vivipara,  Haw 48 

Meesia 

uliginosa,  Hedw 159 

Melampodium,  L 68 

cinereum,  DC 68 

leucanthum,  T.  &  G 68 

Melica 

bulbosa,  Geyer 149 

mutica,  MX 149 

poceoides,  Torr 149 

Menodora,  H.  &  B 114 

scabra,  Gray 114 

Mentha 

CanadensiSjL 98 

Mentzelia 

albicaulis,  Dougl 47 

multinora,  Nutt 47 

nuda,T.  &G 47 

oligosperma,  Nutt 47 

Wrightii,  Gray 47 

Merteusia 

alpina,  Don 101 

brevistyla,  \Yatsou 101 


174 


INDEX. 


Page. 

Mertensia — Continued. 

paniculata,  Don 101 

Sibirica,  Don 101 

Mimulus 

floribundus,  Dougl 94 

Jamesii,  Torr 94 

luteus,  L 94 

rubellus,  Gray 94 

Mirabilis,L 115 

multiflora,  Gray 115 

oxybaphoides,  Gray 115 

Mite'lla 

pentandra,  Hook 40 

Mnium 

cuspidatum,  Hedw 159 

punctatum,  L 159 

serratum,  Schrad 159 

spinosum,  Voit 159 

spinulosnm,  Br.  Eur 159 

Monarda 

aristata,Nutt 99 

fistulosa,  L 99 

punctata,  L 100 

Monardella,  Benth 100 

odoratissima,  Bentli 100 

Moneses 

uniflora,  Gray 88 

Monolepis,  Sclirad 117 

chenopodioides,  Moq 117 

Montelia 

tamariscina,  Gray 119 

Mulilenbergia 

gracilis,  Gray 144 

gracillinaa,  Torr 144 

pungeiis,  Gray 144 

sylvatica,  T.  &  G 144 

Texana,  Thurb 144 

Mulgedium 

pulchellum,  Nutt 87 

Munroa,  Torr 147 

squarrosa,  Torr 147 

Musci 154 

Musenium,  Nutt 51 

divaricatum,  Nutt 51 

Greenii,  Gray 51 

tracliyspermurn,  Gray 51 

Myosotis 

fruiicosa,ToYT 103 

Myosurus 

minimus,  L 2 

Nabalus 

racemosus,  Hook 86 

NAIADACE.E 132 

Nama,L 105 

dichotoma,  Ruiz  &  Pav 105 

Nardosmia 

sagittata.  Hook 55 

Nasturtium 

obtusum,  Nutt 5 

officinale,  R.  Br 5 

palustre,DC 5 

sinuatum,  Nutt 5 

Negundo 

aceroides,  Moench 19 

Nicotiana 

attenuata,  Torr , 110 

Nuphar 

polysepalum,  Engelm 5 

NYCTAGINACE  js 115 


Page. 

NYMPH.EACE.E 5 

Obione,  Gaertn 117 

argentea,  Moq 117 

canescens,  Moq 117 

Suckleyana,  Torr 118 

OEnothera 

albicaulis,  Nutt 44 

biennis,  L.... 44 

breviflora,  T.  &  G 46 

canescens,  Torr.  &  Frem 48 

caespitosa,  Kutt 45 

coronopif  olia,  T.  &  G 44 

eximia,  Gray 45 

guttulata,  Geer 45 

Hartwegi,  Benth 45 

Missouri ensis,   Sims 45 

marginata,  Nutt 45 

montana,  Nutt 45 

Nuttallii,ToTr 46 

pinnatifida,  Nutt 44 

serrulata,  Nutt 46 

triloba,Nutt 44 

ONAGRACE^E 43 

Onosmodium 

Carolinianum,  DC 100 

Opuntia 

arborescens,  Engelm 49 

Camanchica,  E.  &  B 49 

Missouriensis,  DC 49 

Rafinesquii,  Engelm 49 

ORCHIDACE^E 132 

Oreophila 

myrtifoUa,  Nutt 18 

OROBANCHACE.E 

Ortuocarpus,  Nutt 96 

luteus,  Nutt 96 

Orthotrichum 

anomalum,  Hedw 157 

Hallii,  Sull.  &  Lesq 157 

Hutcbinsiae,  Smith 157 

speciosum,  Nees 157 

Utaheiise,  Sulliv 157 

Oryzopsis 

micrantha,  Thurb 145 

Osmorrhiza 50 

lreri8tyU8,'DC 50 

nuda/Torr 50 

Oxybaphus 

angustif olius,  Sweet 115 

Cervantesii,  Lag 115 

hirsutus,  Sweet 115 

multiflorus,  Torr 115 

nyctagineus,  Sweet 115 

Oxyria 

digynn,  Campd 122 

Oxtryopis 

arctica,  R.  Br 30 

campestris,  L 30 

deflexa,  DC 31 

Lamberti,  Pursh 30 

multiceps,  Nutt 30 

nana,  Nutt 30 

splendens,  Dougl 31 

Uralensis,  L 30 

Pachypodium 

integrifolium,  Nutt 9 

Pachystima,  Raf 18 

Myrsiiiites,  Raf 18 


INDEX. 


175 


Page. 

Palafoxia,  Lag 74 

Hookeriana,  T.  &  G 74 

Texana,  Hook 74 

Panicum 

amarum,  Ell 152 

capillare,L 152 

Crus-galli,  L 152 

pauciflorum,  Ell 152 

virgatum,  L 152 

Papaver 

alpina,  L 6 

PAPAVEK  ACE  JE 6 

Parietaria 

Pennsylvania,  Muhl 127 

Parinelia 

caperata,  Ach 162 

conspersa,  Aeh 162 

Kauitschadalis,  Eschw 161 

lanata,  Nyl 162 

olivacea,  Ach 162 

Parnassia 

fimbriata,  Banks 41 

parviflora,  DC 41 

Paronychia 

Jamesii,  T.  &  G 119 

pulvinata,  Gray 119 

sessiliflora,  Nutt 119 

PAROXYCIIIE.E 119 

Paspaluiu 

setaceum,  MX 152 

Pectis,  L 54 

angustif  olia,  Torr 54 

Pedicularis 

bracteosa,  Bentli 97 

Canadensis,  L 97 

crenulata,  Bentli 97 

Grcenlandica,  Retz 97 

Parryi,  Gray 97 

procera,  Gray 98 

racemosa,  Dougl 97 

Sudetica .  Willd 98 

Pellaja 

atropurpurea,  Link 153 

gracilis,  MX 153 

mucronata,  Eaton . . 153 

Wrightii,  Eaton 153 

Peltigera 

aphthosa,  Hoffin 162 

canina,  Holfni , .  162 

Pentstenion 

aeuuiinatus,  Dougl 92 

albidus,  Nutt 92 

alpinus,  Torr 91 

ambigims,  Torr 92 

O«£M«tff02*K9,Nutt 92 

barbatus,  Nutt 90 

cseruleus,  Nutt 92 

caespitosus,  Nutt 92 

confertus,  Dougl 94 

cristatus,  Nutt 93 

eyananthus,  Hook 91 

Fremontii,  Gray 91 

glaber,  Pursli 91 

glaucns,  Grah 93 

gracilis,  Nutt 93 

Harbourii,  Gray 93 

Hallii,  Gray...' 93 

humilis,  Nutt 93 

pubescens,  Solander 93 


Page. 

Pentstemon— Continued. 

eecundiflorus,  Benth 92 

Torreyi,  Bentli ; 91 

Pericome,  Gray 68 

caudata,  Gray 68 

Petalostenioii 

candidus,  MX 23 

violaceus,  MX 24 

Peucedanum 

nudicaule,  Nutt 52 

Peziza 

8cutellata,  L 164 

vulcanalis,  Peck 164 

Phaca 

rnacrocarpa,  Gray 27 

simplicifolius,  Nutt 29 

Pkacelia 

circiuata,  Jacq 103 

integrif olia,  Torr 103 

Neo-Mexicana,  Tliurb 103 

Popei,  T.  &G 103 

sericea,  Gray 103 

tanacetif olia,  Benth 103 

Phalaris 

arundinacea,  L 152 

Pharomitrium  • 

subsessile,  Schp 156 

Phascum 

Carnolicum,  W.  &  M 155 

cuspidatum,  Schreb 155 

Phegopteris 

Dryoptens,  F6e 154 

Phelipsea 

Ludoviciana,  Don 90 

Philadelphus 

microphyllus,  Gray 41 

serpyllifolius,  Gray 41 

Phleum 

alpiuum,  L 142 

Phlox 

canescens,  T.  &  G 105 

csespitosa,  N 105 

Douglasii,  Hook 105 

lougifolia,  Nutt 105 

Phragmites 

communis,  L 151 

Physalis 

angulata,  L 110 

lobata,  Torr 110 

Pennsylvanica,  L 110 

pubescens,  L 110 

viscosa,  L 110 

Physaria 

didymocarpa,  Gray 

Pliyscomitrium 

pyriforme,  Brid 153 

tetragonum,  Brid 158 

Pinus 

aristata,  Engelni 130 

Balf onriana,  Murr 130 

commutota,Pnrl 130 

contorta,  Engelm 129 

edulis,  Engelm 130 

flexilis,  James 130 

ponderosa,  Dougl 129 

Placodium 

bolacinum,  Tuckerm 162 

callopismum,  Ach 162 

cerinuin,  Ach 16^ 


176 


INDEX. 


Pago. 
Placodium — Continued. 

coralloides,  Tuckerm 162 

vitellinum  (Ehrh.),  Ach 162 

PLANTAGINACEiE 89 

Plantago 

eriopoda,  Torr 89 

Patagoiiica,  Jacq 89 

Pleuraphis,  Torr 146 

Jamesii,  Torr 146 

Pleurogyna,  Esch 113 

rotata,  Griseb 113 

Poa 

airoides,  Nutt 149 

alpina,  L 150 

Andina,  Nutt 150 

ctesia,  Smith 150 

serotina,  Elirh 150 

tenuif olia,  Nutt 150 

Pogonatum 

alpinum,  Roehl 159 

capillare,  Brid 159 

urnigerain,  L 

Polanisia 

trachysperma.)  T.  &  G 11 

uniglandulosa,  DC 11 

PeLEMONlACE^E 105 

Polemonium 

capitatum,  Hook 108 

craruleurn,  L 108 

conf  ertum,  Gray 108 

humile,  Willd 108 

pulchellum,  Bunge 108 

pulcherrima,  Lelim 108 

Michardsonii,  Grab 108 

Polygala 

verticillata,  L 19 

POLYGALACE.E 19 

POLYGONACE.E 119 

Polygonum 

amphibium,  L 123 

aviculare,  L 123 

Bistorta,  L :.  123 

dumetorum,  L 124 

erectum,  L 123 

imbricatum,  Nutt 123 

incarnatum,  Ell 123 

Pennsylvanicum,  L 123 

ramosissimum,  MX 123 

tenue,  MX 123 

viviparum,  L 123 

Polypodium 

vulgare,  L 153 

Polytricbadelphus 

Lyallii,  Mitt 159 

Polytrichum 

gracile,  Menzies 159 

j  uniperinum,  Hedw 160 

Icevipiliim,  Hampe 160 

piliferum,  Scbreb 160 

Populus 

angulata,  Ait 129 

angmtifolia,  James 129 

balsamifera,  L 129 

tremuloides,  MX 129 

Portulaca 

oleracea,  L , 14 

retusa,  Engelm 14 

PORTULACACE/E 14 


Page. 

Potamogeton 

nataus,  L 132 

perf oliatus,  L 132 

Potentilla 

Anserina,  L 38 

arguta,  Pursh 35 

concinna,  Richards 37 

dissecta,  Pursh 37 

dlrsrsifolia,  Lehm 37 

eifusa.  Dougl 36 

fissa,  Nutt 36 

f  ruticosa,  L 38 

glandulosa,  Lindl 36 

gracilis,  Dougl 37 

Grayi,  Watson 37 

Hippiana,  Lehm 36 

liuniif usa,  Nutt 37 

miUegraaMf  Engelm 36 

nivea,  L 36 

Norvegica,  L 36 

Nuttallii,  Lehm 37 

Pennsylvania,  L 36 

Plattensis,  Nutt 36 

procumbens,  Clairv 35 

rigida,  Nutt 37 

rivalis,  Nutt 36 

Pottia 

cavif  olia,  Hedw 156 

Heimii,  Sehp 156 

Primula 

aiigustif olia,  Torr 89 

f arinosa,  L 89 

Parryi,  Gray 89 

PRIMULACE.E 89 

Prunus 

Americana,  Marsh 33 

Chicasa,  MX 33 

Pennsylvania,  L 33 

Virginiana,  L 33 

Psoralea 

argophylla,  Nutt 22 

cnjptocarpa,  T.  &  G 22 

cuspidata,  Pursh 22 

digitata,  Nutt 22 

floribunda,  Nutt 22 

hypogaja,  Nutt 22 

lanceolata,  Pursh 22 

Ptelea 

iingustif  olia,  Benth 18 

trifoliata,  L 18 

Pteris 

aquilina,  L 153 

Pterospora 

Andromedea,  Nutt 88 

Ptilagrostis 

MoHgolica,  Griseb 145 

Puccinia 

Porteri,  Peck 164 

Purshia,  DC 34 

tridentata,  DC 34 

Pylaissea 

intricata  (Hedw.),  Schp ,..  .  160 

Pyrola 

clilorantha,  Swartz . . ". 88 

minor,  L 88 

rotundifolia,  L 88 

secunda,  L 88 

Pyrrhopappus 

grancliiloruSj  Nutt 86 


INDEX. 


177 


Page. 

Pyrus 

sambucifolia.  Cli.  &  Sclil 38 

QuamocUdion 

multiflora,  Torr 115 

oxybapJioides,  Gray 115 

Quercus 

alba,  L 127 

Einoryi,  Torr 127 

undulata,  Torr 127 

Racomitriuni 

heterosticlmm,  Brid 157 

R  ANUXCULACE.E 1 

Ranunculus 

adoneus,  Gray 

affinis,  R.  Br 

alismsefolius,  Gey er 2 

aquatilis,  L 2 

cardiophyllus,  Hook 

Cymbalaria,  Pursh 

diraricatus,  Schrank 2 

EschsclwUzii,  Schl 

Flammula,  L 

glaberrimus,  Hook 

liyperboreus,  Rottb 

multifidus,  Pursh 

nivalis,  R,  Br 3 

Xuttallii.  Gray 

Pennsylvanicus,  L 

pygnueus,  Wahl 

repens,  L 4 

sceleratus,  L 3 

RTIAMXACEJE 18 

Kims 

aromatica,  Ait 19 

glabra,  L 19 

Toxicodendron,  L 19 

frtto&afa,  Xutt 19 

Ribes 

aureum,  Pursh 42 

cereum,  Dougl 42 

floridum,  L 42 

hirteUum,  MX 42 

irriguum,  Dougl 42 

lacustre,  Poir 42 

leptanthum.  Gray 42 

prostratum,  L'Her 42 

Rinodia 

oreina  ( Acli.),  Mass 162 

sophodes  (Ach.),  Mass 162 

Robinia 
Xeo-Mexicana,  Gray 23 

Rosa 

Arkansana,  Porter 38 

blanda,  Ait 33 

f raxinif olia,  Bork 38 

ROSACE.E 33 

RUBIACE.E 54 

Rubus 

deliciosus,  Torr 34 

Xutkanus,  Moq 34 

strigosus,  MX 34 

triflorus,  Richards 34 

Rudbeckia 

hirta,  L 70 

laciuiata,  L 70 

Rumex 

Acetosella,  L 123 

longifolia,  DC 123 

.  maritimus,  L 123 

12  F  C 


Page. 

Rumex — Continued. 

salicifolius,  Weinm 123 

venosus,  Pursh 123 

RUTACE.E 18 

Sagina 

decumbens,  T.  &G 14 

Linnaei,  Presl 14 

Sagittaria 

variabilis,  Engelm 132 

SALICACE.E 128 

Salix 

arctica,  Pall 128 

chlorophylla,  Anders 128 

cordata,  Muhl 128 

desertorum,  Anders 128 

discolor,  Muhl '  128 

glauca,  L 128 

longifolia,  Muhl 128 

livida,  Wahl 128 

nigra,  Marsh 128 

reticulata.  L 128 

rostrata,  Richards 128 

Salicornia 

herbacea,  L 118 

Salsola 

dcpressa,  Pursh 115 

Salvia 

lanceolata,Willd... 99 

Pitched,  Torr 99 

Irichostein moides,  Pursh 99 

Sambneus 

j?M&ew6-,Mx 54 

racemosa,  L 54 

Sanicula 

Marilandica,  L 53 

SAXTALACE.E 124 

Sapindacecc 18 

Sapouaria 

Vaccaria,  L 12 

Sarcobatus,  Nees 118 

vermiculatuSj  Torr 118 

Saxifraga 
adscendens,  L..«. . 

cesttialis,  Fisch 

caespitosa,  L 

cernuus,  L 

controversa,  Sternb. 
debilis,  Engelm . 


38 

39 

33 

38 

38 

38 

flagellarisrWilld 39 

Hirculus,L 39 

integrifolia,  Hook 40 

Jamesii,  Torr 

nivalis,  L 

punctata,  L 

rivularis,  L 38 

serpyllifolia,  Pursh 39 

stellaris,  L 39 

SAXIFRAGACE.E 33 

Schraukia 

uncinata,  Willd 33 

Scirpns 

atrovirens,  Muhl 

csespitosus,  L 

maritimus,  L 138 

paucifloms,  Lightf 138 

punge-ns,  Vahl 138 

sylvaticup.  L 133 

validus.  Vahl 138 


178 


INDEX. 


Scrophularia 
nodosa,  L 

SCROPHULARIACE.E 


Page. 

90 
90 


Scutellaria 

galericulata,  L 

resinosa,  Torr 100 

Sedum  x 

rhodanthum,  Gray 43 

Rhodiola,   DC 43 

stenopetalum,  Pursh 43 

Selaginella 
rupestris,  Spring 154 

Senecio 

amplectens,  Gray 

Andinus,  Nutt 

aureus,  L 

Bigelovii,  Gray 

cauus,  Hook 82 

cernuus,  Gray 82 

eremophilus,  Richards 82 

exaltatus,  Nutt 80 

filifolius,  Nutt 82 

Fremontii,  T.  &  G 82 

integerrimus,  Nutt 81 

longilobus,  Bentli 82 

lugeus,  Richards 80 

renifolius,  Porter 83 

Soldanella,  Gray 83 

triangularis,  Hook 81 

Seseli,L 52 

Hallii,  Gray 52 

Sesleria 
dactyloidcs,  Nutt 147 

Setaria 

Italica,  Kunth 152 

viridis,  Beauv 152 

Shepherdia 

argentea,  Nutt 124 

Canadensis,  Nutt 124 

Sibbaldia 
procumbens,  L 35 

Sidalcea,  Gray 15 

Candida,  Gray 16 

nialvseflora,  Gray 15 

Sieversia 
paradoxa,  Don 35 

Silene 

acaulis,  L 12 

Drummondii,  Hook 12 

Menziesii,  Hook 12 

Scouleri,  Hook 12 

Sisymbrium 

canescens,  Nutt 

glaucum,  Nutt 8 

Sisyrinchium 
Bermudiana,  L 133 

Sitanion 

elymoides,  Raf 151 

Sium 

angustif  olia,  L 50 

lineare,  MX 49 

Smelowskia,  Meyer 8 

calycina,  Meyer 

SMILACACEJB 133 

Smilacina 

amplexicaulis,  Nutt 133 

racemosa,  Desf 133 

SOLAXACE^E 109 


Page. 

Solatium 

Coronopus,  Duu 110 

heterodoxum,  Dun 110 

nigrum,  L 109 

rostratuin,  Dun 109 

triflorum,  Nutt 109 

Solidago 

Canadensis,  L 63 

Guiradonis,  Gray 62 

humiUs,  Pursh 62 

lanceolata,  L 63 

Missouriensis,  Nutt 63 

nenaoralis,  Ait 63 

occidentalis,  T.  &  G 63 

pumila,  T.  &G 63 

rigida,  L 62 

Virga-aurea,  L 62 

Solorina 

bispora.Nyl 162 

Sophora,  L 31 

sericea,  Pursh 31 

Sorghum 

nutans,  Gray 152 

Sparganium 

simplex,  Huds 132 

Spartiiia 

cynosuroides,  \Yilld 146 

gracilis,  Trin 146 

Specularia 

perfoliata,  A.  D.  C 88 

Sphagnum 

acutif olium,  Ehrb 155 

Sphffiralcea,  St.  Hil 16 

angustif  olia,  Spach 16 

stellata,  T.  &  G 16 

Spiraea 

aricpfolia,  Smith 33 

dumosa,  Nutt 33 

opulif olia,  L 33 

Spiranthes 

Romanzomaua,  Ch 133 

Sporobolus 

cryptandnts,  Gray 143 

Stachys 

cordala,  Riddell 100 

palustris,  L 100 

Stanleya,  Nutt 9 

in tegrifolia,  James 9 

pinnatifida,  Nutt 9 

Staurothele 

umbrina  (Wahl.),  Tuck 163 

Stellaria 

borealis,  Bigel 13 

crassifolia,  Ehrh 13 

Jamesiana,  Torr 13 

longipes,  Goldie 13 

unibellata,  Turcz 13 

Stenosiphon,  Spach 46 

virgatus,  Spach 46 

Stenotus 

pijgmwus,  T.  &  G..- 66 

Stephanomeria,  Nutt 85 

minor,  Nutt 85 

runcinata,  Nutt 85 

Stereocaulon 

condensation,  Laur 163 

paschale,  Laur 162 

Stipa 

Mongolica,  Turcz 145 


INDEX. 


179 


Page. 

Stipa— Continued. 

spartea,  Trin 146 

viridula,  Trin 146 

Streptanthm 

angustifolim,  Nutt 6 

lincarifoUus,  Gray 9 

Streptopus 

amplexifolius,  DC 133 

Sanaa 

depressa,  Ledeb 118 

maritima,  Dumort 118 

Swertia,  L 113 

perenuis,  L 113 

Symphoricarpus 

montanus,  H.  B.  K 53 

occidentalis,  E.  Br 53 

Synthyris 

alpina,  Gray 95 

plantaginea,  Benth 95 

Talinum 

pygnueum,  Gray 14 

teretif olium,  Pursli 14 

Taraxacum 

palustre,  DC 87 

Tayloria 

splachnoides,  Hook 158 

Tellima,  R.  Br 40 

parviflora,  Hook 40 

Teloxys,  Moq 116 

cornuta,  Torr 116 

Tetradymia,  DC 84 

canescens,  DC 84 

glabrata,  T.  &  G 84 

inermis,  Nutt 84 

Teucrium 

Canadense,  L 98 

Culense,  L 98 

laciniatum,  Torr 98 

Thalictrum 

alpinum,  L 1 

clatatum,  Hook 1 

Fendleri,  Gray 1 

purpurascens,  L 1 

sparsiflorum,  Turcz 1 

Thaspium 

montanum,  Gray 51 

trachypleuruni,  Gray 52 

trifoliatum,  Gray 52 

Theleoschistes 

parietinus  (L.) 161 

Thelespenna,  Gray 72 

filifolium,  Gray 72 

gracile,  Gray 72 

Themiopsis,  R.Br 19 

f  abacea,  DC 19 

rhombif  olia,  Nutt 19 

Thlaspi 

alpestre,  L 10 

coc  1i lean  forme,  DC 10 

Tlmidium 

abietinum,  Br.  Eur 160 

Blaiido\vii,  "NV.  &  M 160 

Tiinmia 

Austriaca,  Hedw 159 

megapolitana,  Hedw 159 

Townsendia,  Hook 58 

grandiflora,  Nutt 58 

sericea,  Hook 58 


j  Tradescantia 

I  Virginica,  L 138 

;  Tragia 

nepetaef olia,  Mull 126 

ramosa,  Torr 126 

Tribulus 

maximus,  L 17 

Tricuspis 

acuminata,  Thurb 148 

avenacea,Kih 148 

niutica,  Torr 148 

purpurea,  Nutt 143 

Trifolium 

dasycarpum,  T.  &.  G 21 

involucratum,  Willd 21 

longipes,  Nutt 20 

nanum,  Torr 21 

Parryi,  Gray 21 

Triglochin 

maritimum,  L 132 

palustre,  L 132 

Trisetum 

subspieatum,  Beauv 151 

Triticum 

agilopoide*,  Turcz 151 

caninum,  L 151 

repens,  L 151 

strigosum,  Steud 151 

Trollius 

laxus,  Salisb 4 

Troximon 

cuspidatum,  Pursh 85 

glaucum,  Nutt 87 

Tj-pha 

'latifolia,L 132 

TYPHACEJE 132 

UMBELLLFER^: 50 

UmbUicaria 

cylindrica,  Ach 162 

rugifera,  Nyl 162 

Vniola 

8tricta,Torr 150 

Urachne 

micrantha,  Trin 145 

Urtica 

dioica,  L 127 

gracilis,  Ait 127 

URTICACE.E 127 

Usnea 

trichodea,  Ach 161 

Utricularia 

gibba,  L 90 

vulgaris,  L 90 

Taccaria 

vulgaris,  Host 12 

Vacc'iniuni 

csespitosmn.  MX 88 

Myrtillus,  L 88 

Valeriaaa 

dioica,  L 54 

edulis,  Nutt 54 

sylvatica,  Richards 54 

YALERIAXACE.E 54 

;  Taseya,  Thurb 145 

comata,  Thurb 145 

Yeratrum 

album,  L 133 

Verbena 

Aubletia,  L 98 


180 


INDEX. 


Pago. 

Verbena — Continued. 

bracteosa,  MX 98 

hastata,  L 98 

stricta,  Vent 98 

VERBEXACEJE 98 

Veronica 

alpina,  L 95 

Americana,  Sclrweiii 95 

peregrina,  L 1*5 

serpyllifolia,  L 95 

Verrucaria 
pyrenophora,  Nyl 1G3 

Vesicaria 

didymocarpa,  Hook 

Ludoviciana,  DC 7 

montana,  Gray 

stenophylla,  Gray 7 

Viburnum 
pauciflorum,  Pylaie 54 

Vicia 

Americana,  Muhl 32 

micrantha,  Nutt 32 

truncata.  Nutt 32 

Vilfa 

airoides,  Nees  &  Meyer 143 

cryptandra,  Torr 142 

cuspidata,  Torr 143 

depauperata,  Torr 143 

ramulosa,  H.  B.  K 143 

tricholepis,  Torr 143 

Villanova,  Lag 

chrysanthenioides,  Gray 

Viola' 

biflora,  L 

Cauadensis,  L 

eamna,  L 


75 

75 

11 

11  i 

n 


Page. 

Viola— Continued. 

cucullata,  Ait 11 

delphinifolia,  Nutt 11 

Nuttallii,  Pursk 11 

palustris,  L 11 

VIOLACE^C 11 

VITACE.E > 18 

Vitis 

cordifolia,  MX 18 

rinaria.  MX 18 

Webera 

cruda,  Schreb 158 

elongata,  Schwiogr 158 

Ludwigii,  Sprcug 158 

Weisia 

cirrhata,  Hedw 155 

crispula,  Hedw 155 

Withania,  P»uq 110 

Coronopus,  Torr 110 

Woodsia 

Oregana,  Eaton 154 

scopuliua,  Eaton 154 

Ximciiesia,  Cav ~'.\ 

encelioides,  Cav 73 

Yucca 

augustif olia,  Ptirsli 135 

Zieria 

demissa  (Horn.),  Sclip 159 

Zinnia,  L 70 

grundiilora,  Nutt 70 

Zygadeiius 

^•laucus,  Nutt 133 

Nuttallii,  Gray ». . .  133 

Zygodon 

l,;i])])ouicus,  Br.  Eur 157 

ZYGOPHYLLACE.E..  17 


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